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Gravity-1

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Type of Chinese launch vehicle

Gravity-1 mission 1 launch 11 January 2024

Gravity-1 (Chinese:引力一号) is asolid-propellant expendablemedium-lift launch vehicle designed, manufactured and launched by Chinese aerospace companyOrienspace. It can carry apayload of up to 6.5 tonnes (14,000 lb) toLEO or 4.2 tonnes (9,300 lb) toSSO, enabling the deployment of large-scalesatellite constellations. The rocket has a height of 30 meters, a take-off weight of 400 tonnes, a take-off thrust of 600 tonnes,^[1] and afairing diameter of 4.2 meters.^[2] Itsmaiden launch was conducted from asea launch platform in theYellow Sea on January 11, 2024, breaking records as both the world's most powerful solid-fuelcarrier rocket and China's most powerfulcommercial launch vehicle to date.^[3] Large pieces of debris were seen during the launch, which carried 3 Yunyao-1 meteorological satellites built by theShanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology, as part of the planned 90-satellite Yunyao constellation.^[3]^[2]

Gravity-1 consists of sevensolid rocket motors (SRB) in total. The first four side-mounted SRBs are ignited on the ground, while three core boosters are air-lit in sequence. The launch cost for Gravity-1 is around US$39 million. Gravity-1 has a quick-response-time of only five hours between manufacturing completion and launch. Orienspace has signed contracts for the launch of more than one hundred satellites.^[4] Gravity-1 is the most powerful rocket consisting of entirely solid-rocket motors.^[5] Due to the huge solid rocket motors, large plumes of smoke were produced during the launch.

List of launches

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Serial number	Flight number	Date (UTC)	Launch site	Payload	Orbit	Outcome
1	Gravity-1 Y1	11 January 2024 05:30 UTC	Special converted barge (Dong Fang Hang Tian Gang) Offshore waters ofHaiyang Port	Yunyao-1 18–20 weather satellites	LEO (50° inclination, 500km circular)	Success^[3]
2	Gravity-1 Y2	11 October 2025 02:20 UTC	Special converted barge (Dong Fang Hang Tian Gang) Offshore waters ofHaiyang Port	Jilin-1 Kuanfu-02B-07 Shutianyuxing 01 Shutianyuxing 02	SSO	Success^[3]
3	Gravity-1 Y3	2025	Special converted barge (Dong Fang Hang Tian Gang) Offshore waters ofHaiyang Port	TBA	LEO	Planned^[3]

References

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^Mansfield, Simon (2024-01-12)."China's Gravity 1 sets record for solid rocket fuels in maiden launch".Space Daily. Retrieved2024-04-29.
^^a ^bSesnic, Trevor (2024-01-09)."Maiden Flight | Gravity-1".Everyday Astronaut. Retrieved2024-04-29.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^eJones, Andrew (11 January 2024)."Orienspace breaks Chinese commercial launch records with Gravity-1 solid rocket".SpaceNews. Retrieved11 January 2024.
^Gravity-1 rocket explained. Retrieved2024-04-07 – via www.youtube.com.
^Mike Wall (2024-01-11)."China's record-breaking Gravity-1 rocket aces amazing debut launch from ship at sea (video)".Space. Retrieved2025-10-03.

v t e Orbital launch systems
List of orbital launch systems Comparison of orbital launch systems
Current	Angara 1.2 A5 Ariane 6 Atlas V Ceres 1 1S Chollima-1 Electron Eris^† Falcon 9 Block 5 Falcon Heavy Firefly Alpha Gravity-1 GSLV H3 Hyperbola-1 Jielong 1 3 KAIROS^† Kaituozhe 2 Kinetica 1 Kuaizhou 1 1A 11 Long March 2C 2D 2F 3A 3B/E 3C 4B 4C 5 5B 6 6A 6C 7 7A 8 11 11H 12 LVM3 Minotaur I IV V C New Glenn Nuri OS-M1^† Pegasus XL Proton-M PSLV Qaem 100 Qased Shavit 2 Simorgh SLS Block 1 Soyuz-2 2.1a / STA 2.1b / STB Spectrum^† SSLV Starship Tianlong-2 Unha Vega C Vulcan Centaur Zhuque 2E
In development	Antares 330 Bloostar Blue Whale 1 Ceres-2 Cyclone-4M Deca Eclipse Epsilon S Gravity-2 HANBIT-NANO Hyperbola-2 Irtysh Kinetica 2 2H 3 KSLV-III Kuaizhou 21 31 Long March 9 10 Miura 5 Neutron New Line 1 NGLV Nova OS-M 2 4 Orbex Prime Pallas-1 Red Dwarf RFA One SLS Block 1B Block 2 Soyuz-7 Terran R Tianlong-3 VLM Vega E Zero Zhuque 3 Zuljanah
Retired	Antares 110 120 130^† 230 230+ Ariane 1 2 3 4 5 ASLV Athena I II Atlas B D E/F G H I II III LV-3B SLV-3 Able^† Agena Centaur Black Arrow Conestoga^† Delta A B C D E G J L M N 0100 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 II III IV IV Heavy Diamant Dnepr Energia Epsilon Europa I^† II^† Falcon 1 Falcon 9 v1.0 v1.1 v1.2 "Full Thrust" Feng Bao 1 GSLV Mk I H-I H-II H-IIA H-IIB Juno I Juno II Kaituozhe-1 Kosmos original 1 2/2I 3 3M Lambda 4S LauncherOne Long March 1 1D^† 2A 2E 3 3B 4A Mu 4S 3C 3H 3S 3SII V N1^† N-I N-II Naro-1 Paektusan^† Pilot-2^† R-7 Luna Molniya M L Polyot Soyuz original FG L M U U2 2-1v Soyuz/Vostok Sputnik Voskhod Vostok L K 2 2M R-29 Shtil' Volna^† Rocket 3 RS1^† Safir 1 1A 1B Saturn I IB V Scout X-1 Blue Scout II^† X-2^† X-2M X-3 X-3M X-4 X-2B^† B A B-1 D-1 A-1 E-1 F-1 G-1 Shavit original 1 SLV Space Shuttle SPARK^† Sparta SS-520 Start-1 Terran 1^† Thor Able Ablestar 1 2 Agena A B D Burner 1 2 Delta DSV-2U Thorad-Agena SLV-2G SLV-2H Titan II GLV IIIA IIIB IIIC IIID IIIE 34D 23G CT-3 IV Tsyklon R-36-O original 2 3 Universal Rocket UR-500 Proton Proton-K Rokot Strela Vanguard Vega original VLS-1^† Zenit 2 2M 2FG 3SL 3SLB 3F Zhuque 1^† 2
Classes	Sounding rocket Small-lift launch vehicle Medium-lift launch vehicle Heavy-lift launch vehicle Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
This template lists historical, current, and future space rockets that at least once attempted (but not necessarily succeeded in) an orbital launch or that are planned to attempt such a launch in the future Symbol^† indicates past or current rockets that attempted orbital launches but never succeeded (never did or has yet to perform a successful orbital launch)

Chinese launch systems

Sounding rockets

Orbital launch vehicles

Active	Ceres 1 1S Gravity-1 Hyperbola-1 Jielong 1 3 Kaituozhe 2 Kuaizhou 1 1A 11 Kinetica 1 Long March CZ-2C 2D 2F 3A 3B/E 3C 4B 4C 5 5B 6 6A 6C 7 7A 8 11 11H 12 OS-M1 Tianlong-2 Zhuque 2E
In development	Ceres-2 Gravity-2 Hyperbola-3 Kuaizhou 21 31 Long March 9 10 10A 12A Naga-L Nebula 1 New Line 1 OS-M2 OS-M4 Pallas 1 2 Tianlong-3 Zhuque 3
Retired	Feng Bao 1 Kaituozhe-1 Long March CZ-1 1D 2A 2E 3 3B 4A Zhuque 1 2

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