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Grands corps de l'État

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Thegrands corps de l'État (French pronunciation:[ɡʁɑ̃kɔʁd(ə)leta]; English:Grand Corps of the French State) are a feature of theFrench state as envisaged in the reforms ofJean-Baptiste Colbert.[1] Some of thesegrands corps date back to the reign ofLouis XV, in the 18th century, but most originated or were given their modern form during the reign ofNapoleon.[2]

The exact list ofgrands corps de l'État is debatable, mainly because there is disagreement about whether a particularcorps isgrand enough to be counted. However,Who's Who in France gives the following list:[3] theingénieurs des mines, theingénieurs des ponts, theadministrateurs de l'INSEE, theingénieurs de l'armement, theconseillers d'État, theCour des comptes and theinspecteurs des finances.

In France, the members of these grand corps have great importance in the government administration, since many executive positions are held by them. Many senior corporate executives of French companies come straight out of these Grand Corps.

Administrativegrands corps

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The administrativegrands corps mainly recruit graduates of theÉcole nationale d'administration (ENA). They are more closely connected with politics than the technicalgrands corps are.Georges Pompidou was member of theConseil d'État,François Hollande andJacques Chirac were both members of theCour des comptes, andEmmanuel Macron,Valéry Giscard d'Estaing andMichel Rocard were members of theInspection des finances.

Technicalgrands corps

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The technicalgrands corps mainly recruit from graduates of theÉcole Polytechnique,Écoles normales supérieures or other schools such asÉcole des Ponts andÉcole des Mines.

Three other technicalgrands corps no longer function:

Criticism ofgrands corps

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The system ofgrands corps has been criticised from within its own ranks as well as from outside.[4] In January 2009, a report on the future of the technicalgrands corps was sent to the Prime Minister.[5]

See also

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References

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  1. ^Les grands corps de l'État, En France, l'État s'est édifié autour d'un certain nombre d'institutions fondamentales : le Conseil d'État, l'Inspection des finances, la Cour des comptes, le corps diplomatique, le corps préfectoral, les Mines et les Ponts et chaussées,Marie-Christine Kessler,Presses de Sciences Po
  2. ^Archives de France, 2004, Napoléon et la construction des grands corps de l'État, Napoléon Bonaparte est bien à l’origine du Conseil d’État, de la Cour de cassation et de la Cour des comptes, mais il est aussi, si l’on entend donner une acception large à ce terme, le père du corps préfectoral, de l’inspection des finances, de même qu’il réorganise les corps des mines et des ponts et chaussées
  3. ^Who's Who in France, 2012, Les grands corps de l'État, Les corps techniques regroupent les ingénieurs des ponts, des eaux et des forêts, les ingénieurs des mines, les administrateurs de l’INSEE et les ingénieurs de l’armement. Pour les grands corps administratifs, on distingue les membres du Conseil d’État, les magistrats de la Cour des comptes et les inspecteurs des finances.
  4. ^New York Times, 15/12/2010, Patrick Mehr (X-Mines), "France's Golden Handcuffs": "The reason for pessimism about France’s future is its stifling and antiquated governmental control of every aspect of entrepreneurial life."
  5. ^Rapport Canepa–Folz au Premier Ministre sur l’avenir des corps d’ingénieurs de l’État, janvier 2009

External links (English)

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External links (French)

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