The two-year development focused on maintaining the look and feel of the original games; thephysics code was copied from the originals, andartificial intelligence was used to automaticallyupscale textures. The development team studied the distinctive qualities of the original games. They added several colouring, weathering, and lighting effects, as well as new assets fromGrand Theft Auto V (2013). The team consulted with the original developers atRockstar North when upgrading the character designs. Prior to release, existing versions of the three games were removed from sale from digital retailers, which led to criticism from audiences and journalists; in response, Rockstar restored the original versions on the Rockstar Store.
The Definitive Edition was released for theNintendo Switch,PlayStation 4,PlayStation 5,Windows,Xbox One, andXbox Series X/S on 11 November 2021, and forAndroid andiOS devices on 14 December 2023. The Windows launch was marred by problems with theRockstar Games Launcher, rendering it unplayable for three days. The game received poor reviews; critics generally praised the enhanced visuals, upgraded lighting, improved controls, and added gameplay mechanics, but criticised its technical problems, art direction, and character models. It wasone of the lowest-scoring games of 2021, and was the subject ofreview bombing onMetacritic. Rockstar apologised for the technical problems and announced its intentions to improve the game throughupdates.
Grand Theft Auto III is set in Liberty City, loosely based onNew York City; it follows asilent protagonist, Claude, who is betrayed and left for dead by his girlfriend during a robbery and embarks on a quest for revenge that leads him to become entangled in a world of crime, drugs, gang warfare, and corruption.[12]Vice City, set in 1986 in the fictional Vice City (based onMiami), follows mobsterTommy Vercetti who, after being released from prison and becoming caught up in an ambushed drug deal, begins slowly building an empire by seizing power from other criminal organisations in the city.[9][13]San Andreas is set in 1992 within the fictional state of San Andreas, consisting of three main cities: Los Santos, San Fierro, and Las Venturas (based onLos Angeles,San Francisco, andLas Vegas, respectively); the game follows former gangsterCarl "CJ" Johnson, who returns home following his mother's murder and is drawn back into his former gang and a life of crime while clashing with corrupt authorities and powerful criminals.[14][15][16]
All three titles areremastered forThe Definitive Edition, including a rebuilt lighting system, upgraded vehicle and character models, new navigation andheads-up display designs, and improved shadows, reflections, anddraw distances. The controls were updated to match those ofGrand Theft Auto V (2013), and thecheckpoint system was improved to allow for an automatic restart. OnNintendo Switch, the game includesgyro aiming and touchscreen support.[17] Some music tracks andcheats from the original versions of the games were removed,[18][19] as wasSan Andreas'scooperative multiplayer mode.[20] The player can simultaneously run and shoot in all three games—a feature previously limited toSan Andreas.[21][b]
Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy – The Definitive Edition was developed by Grove Street Games[a] and published byRockstar Games.[17] Under its former name War Drum Studios, Grove Street Games previously developed mobile versions of the trilogy, as well as thePlayStation 3 andXbox 360 versions ofSan Andreas.[17][23]The Definitive Edition was in development for two years,[24] and usedUnreal Engine 4 for rendering;[25][26] the original games usedRenderWare.[27] The development team found porting the game to the engine made it look "clean", requiring them to make it appear dirtier to maintain the original look.[25] Rockstar had resisted the trend ofvideo game remakes as the team found they required care and attention, but they ultimately felt the remaster was "a way to maintain the titles for the next decade-plus" without dealing with the outdated technology.[25] They foundGrand Theft Auto III the most difficult of the trilogy to update due to the outdated assets; in comparison,San Andreas was much easier, as the original art department had learned to take advantage of the hardware at the time.[26]
The team wantedThe Definitive Edition to maintain the feeling of the original games; as part of this, they copied the originalphysics code.[25] They originally attempted to rebuild some of the main buildings from scratch, such as theplayer characters' houses, but noticed a discrepancy in quality compared to other buildings. Some assets were improved from the original games, while others were ultimately rebuilt entirely.[26] The team used anartificial intelligence program toupscale textures before making manual adjustments; producer Rich Rosado estimated over 100,000 textures were changed. The addednavigation feature was implemented usingpathfinding as well as analysing the routes taken by thenon-player characters (NPCs), though it required some manual adjustments; the team found these implementations to be "easy wins" due to the existing technology.[25] They wantedThe Definitive Edition to run smoothly across all platforms while taking advantage of the higher-end hardware.[26]
The team studied all three games to determine their distinct qualities, such asVice City's "brightneons" andSan Andreas's orange sky.[25] They added dynamic colours that shift throughout the day, and corrected the placement and movement of the Sun, Moon, stars, and clouds. They changed some weather effects, such as the falling of rain and accumulation of puddles and their reflections. While the original games used "baked lighting"—"lighting [that] would just come from nowhere because we just need to light the scene"—The Definitive Edition uses the lighting from the sky, which forced the team to add artificial lights to avoid darkness in some locations, such as lampposts in alleys.[25] All trees and foliage in the games, as well as some interior design elements, were replaced with higher-quality assets fromGrand Theft Auto V; the team wanted them to naturally blend into the environment.[25]
Rosado claimed "the art challenge alone felt insurmountable early on" due to the scale of remastering three games simultaneously, particularly the immensity ofSan Andreas.[26] The team avoided making the games look too realistic as they felt the characters—whosemotion capture data was coded to the original caricaturisedwire-frame models—would look out of place. They wanted the characters to maintain their original appearance, noting the game "must look like you remember it".[25] They faced difficulty when working on characters, as they felt adding detail "where there was no detail before" might conflict with the player's "mental image" of the character designs; the team consulted developers atRockstar North, including some of the games' original artists.[26] Much of the material from the original games—such as the source audio, textures, reference material, and character models—were unable to be found due to a lack of archives, as the original development team "never thought [they would] have to revisit these projects".[26]
The existence ofThe Definitive Edition was first reported in August 2021 byKotaku, claiming its development was led byRockstar Dundee.[28] Media speculation continued in September after theGame Rating and Administration Committee in South Korea gave the trilogy agame rating,[29] and in early October after an update to theRockstar Games Launcher included data referencing the game, such as logos, art, andachievements.[30] Rockstar announced the trilogy on 8 October 2021, coinciding with the 20th anniversary month ofGrand Theft Auto III's original release.[31] It revealed the trilogy would feature "across-the-board upgrades ... while still maintaining the classic look and feel of the originals".[32]
Existing versions of the three games were removed from sale from digital retailers on consoles and Windows on 13 October 2021.[33][34] Audiences and journalists criticised the move, citing concerns withvideo game preservation, a lack of choice between versions, and the potential removal of music due to expired licences, which had occurred with previous re-releases.[35][36]Eurogamer's Wesley Yin-Poole called the decision a "blow to video game preservation" and poor for player choice.[36] Upon the game's release, Rockstar confirmed the music matched the trilogy's most recent 2014 re-releases, with over 30 songs missing fromVice City andSan Andreas collectively.[18] Some cheats were removed as they "didn't play well" in Unreal Engine.[19] On 19 November, Rockstar announced the original versions would be released as a bundle on the Rockstar Store;[37] they were delivered for free to owners ofThe Definitive Edition on 3 December, and remained available with all purchases of the game until 30 June 2022.[38] Customers who boughtThe Definitive Edition through the Rockstar Games Launcher were eligible to receive one free Rockstar game[c] between 20 December 2021 and 5 January 2022.[39]
Preorders forThe Definitive Edition began on 22 October 2021, alongside the release of the first full trailer and screenshots demonstrating the graphical enhancements.[17] The game was released for Nintendo Switch,PlayStation 4,PlayStation 5,Windows,Xbox One, andXbox Series X/S on 11 November 2021.[40] Physical versions were initially scheduled to release on 7 December[17] but were delayed to 17 December for PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X,[41] and to 11 February 2022 for Switch.[42] The Windows version supportsNvidia DLSS, while the PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X versions display at4K resolution with up to 60frames per second.[17] The game was made available onSteam on 19 January 2023, allowingSteam Deck support,[43] and on theEpic Games Store on 15 February.[44]
The game was expected to launch on 11 November at 10 a.m.Eastern Standard Time (UTC−05:00), but an error on thePlayStation Store caused pre-orders to unlock at midnight locally, granting players in Australia and New Zealand access more than 24 hours before planned on PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5. The digital listing was removed from the PlayStation Store in the interim.[45] Upon release, the Rockstar Games Launcher went offline for a period of roughly 28 hours for "maintenance", rendering the game unplayable and unpurchaseable on Windows; the game remained unavailable after the launcher was restored, while Rockstar "remove[d] files unintentionally included" in the game.[46] Based on information discovered bydata miners, journalists suggested those files included the removed radio station songs, hidden notes from developers, andSan Andreas's controversial"Hot Coffee" minigame.[47][48] Following three days of unavailability,[49] the Windows version was restored on 14 November.[50] On 19 November, Rockstar announced it would work to fix and improve the game throughupdates,[37] the first of which was released the following day.[51] On 30 November, an option was added toSan Andreas to view groundfog following criticism of its absence.[52] An update in February 2022 resolved more than 100 bugs.[53]
Android andiOS versions ofThe Definitive Edition were originally scheduled to be released in the first half of 2022.[31] Rockstar's parent companyTake-Two Interactive updated the release window for the mobile versions in May 2022 to its 2023 fiscal year, ending 31 March 2023,[54] and in November replaced the release date with "TBA".[55] In November 2023,Netflix announcedThe Definitive Edition would be released for Android and iOS on 14 December via theApp Store andGoogle Play, available forNetflix subscribers and individual purchase.[56] The mobile ports, developed by Video Games Deluxe,[4] addressed additional bugs and added a lighting option to match the original games;[57] these were added to the console and Windows versions via an update in November 2024. The update also removed Grove Street Games from thesplash screen credits;[5][58] the company's chief executive officer (CEO), Thomas Williamson, condemned this as a "dick move" and indicated the update was developed by Grove Street Games but withheld for years by Rockstar.[59][6]Grand Theft Auto III andVice City were removed from Netflix in December 2024,[60] whileSan Andreas was removed in December 2025.[61]
The Definitive Edition received "mixed or average reviews" for PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S, and "generally unfavorable reviews" for Nintendo Switch and Windows, according toreview aggregator websiteMetacritic;[62] it was among the site'slowest-scoring games in 2021.[72]OpenCritic's consensus states the game "utterly fails at meeting player expectations", with 12% of critics recommending it.[63]Video Games Chronicle's Jordan Middler described the collection as "far from 'definitive'",[70] andHardcore Gamer's Chris Shive felt the games "deserve a better collection than this".[66]GameSpot's Justin Clark was confused as to why Rockstar, known for its high-quality and detailed games likeRed Dead Redemption 2 (2018), would publish a remaster "that turns its most iconic games into app storeshovelware".[65]Jeuxvideo.com's Jerome Joffard felt the games maintained their original charm and feeling of freedom.[67]
Destructoid's Dan Roemer wrote the updated visuals "look pretty solid", particularly praising the neon signs ofVice City.[73]Screen Rant's Christopher J. Teuton said the games "look better here than they ever have before", excludingmods, though noted the increased draw distance inSan Andreas made the map feel simpler and smaller.[74] Several critics echoed the latter sentiment;[64][75]Video Games Chronicle's Middler said it "feels like something you were never supposed to see",[70] andIGN's Tristan Ogilvie wrote it "completely shatters the convincing illusion of scale".[8] Zack Zwiezen ofKotaku described the improved graphics as "at times stunning and distracting", praising the improvements and additions of trees and foliage, but noting some broken or improperly-upscaled textures.[76]VideoGamer.com's Josh Wise found the improved draw distances and lighting removed the dirtier mood of the originals, withGrand Theft Auto III andSan Andreas missing the "grey-green murk" and the "beer-tinted haze", respectively.[10]GameSpot's Clark echoed this sentiment and stressed the importance ofart direction, noting the mood and personality of the games, cities, and characters had been largely lost.[65]VG247's Fran Ruiz felt the 2024 update restored the "stylish" art direction of the original games.[77]
Jeuxvideo.com's Joffard felt the improved lighting system highlights the themes of each game: the darker atmosphere ofGrand Theft Auto III, bright colours ofVice City, and dusty roads ofSan Andreas.[67] Sam Machkovech ofArs Technica called the lighting the "best part" of the game,[78] and Middler ofVideo Games Chronicle felt it "captures the vibe perfectly", especially inVice City, though noted the sunlight was occasionally too bright.[70]NME's Jordan Olomon wrote the improved lighting effects "make it feel like what you imagined these games looked like when you were a kid".[75]IGN's Ogilvie thought the lighting was inconsistent, enjoying the neon lights ofVice City and the general reflections in cars and puddles, but criticising the intense shadows and distracting rain effects;[8]The Guardian's Keza MacDonald called the rain effects "so ugly that they obscure your view",[69] andGameSpot's Clark said they render the games "virtually unplayable".[65] Several critics found the lighting changes often made scenes too dark.[66][76][79]
Critics praised the addition of mission checkpoints,[2][66][67] the weapon wheel and map navigation,[64][75][76] and the improved shooting controls, which many felt made the game easier and more enjoyable.[65][70][74] Conversely, whileIGN's Ogilvie enjoyed the addition of the map navigation, he noted some inconsistencies when attempting to place a custom waypoint while in a mission; he felt the mission checkpoints remained too unforgiving and found the auto-targeting to be inconsistent across the three games, withSan Andreas performing better than the others.[8]Destructoid's Roemer considered the combat disappointingly similar to the original games, calling it "incredibly rough and unforgiving at times".[73]Screen Rant's Teuton criticised the removal of the cinematic and top-down camera angles fromGrand Theft Auto III.[74] Some critics voiced their disapproval at the removal of some radio station songs.[10][66][67] Shive ofHardcore Gamer questioned the removal of theConfederate flag from a character's outfit,[66] and Joffard ofJeuxvideo.com criticised the removal of the two-player mode fromSan Andreas.[67] The mobile version's controls received mixed responses.[80][81][82]
The updated character models (right) received mixed responses from critics,[66][67][78] and contributed to a backlash from players.[83][84][85]
Ars Technica's Machkovech wrote the updated character designs "generally shine" in comparison to the originals, though noted some "look pretty bad".[78]IGN's Ogilvie similarly thought the designs were only occasionally distracting during cutscenes.[8] Shive ofHardcore Gamer liked Claude's new character model, but felt Tommy looked "too young" and some NPC models "look like horrible mutant abominations".[66] Olomon ofNME described the models as "outright ridiculous".[75] Joffard ofJeuxvideo.com felt the cartoonish designs of the new character models negatively juxtaposed the realistic graphical changes, and made several characters lose some of their personality and charisma;[67] Middler ofVideo Games Chronicle concurred, noting "it doesn't seem like every character was given the care and attention they deserve".[70]Polygon's Cameron Kunzelman andDestructoid's Roemer criticised Tommy's updated model, describing him as a "G.I. Joe doll" and "a bloatedKen doll", respectively.[73][79]GameSpot's Clark called the character models "absolutely hideous".[65]
Several reviewers recalled encountering technical errors andcrashes.[65][67][70][76]The Guardian's MacDonald wrote the "remasters feel less stable" than the original games;[69] Teuton ofScreen Rant foundVice City to be the most unstable of the three games.[74]Ars Technica's Machkovech felt the game did not take advantage of the advanced hardware like the Xbox Series X, and criticised the "botched"high dynamic range;[78]Push Square's Sammy Barker noted significantframe rate drops on the PlayStation 5 version.[2] The Nintendo Switch version of the game was particularly criticised for its technical flaws;Nintendo Life's PJ O'Reilly censured the awkward shooting controls, frequent frame rate dips, and some character designs, though enjoyed the graphical upgrade for the world and lighting, particularly inVice City.[68] Middler ofVideo Games Chronicle denounced the Switch version's low-quality textures and lowerdisplay resolution compared to other platforms.[71] Machkovech ofArs Technica criticised the game's pricing and frame rate issues, and noted he experienced at least one hardware crash in all three games.[78] Playing on the Steam Deck in 2023,Rock Paper Shotgun's James Archer called the games "still a bit crap", citing technical glitches and bugs, performance issues, poor lighting and animations, and common frame rate drops.[86]
The game was the subject ofreview bombing on Metacritic,[87][88][89] resulting in a user review score of 0.4/10 at its nadir, among the lowest on the site.[90] Reporters noted some user reviews cited a dislike of the game's art style and the lack of advance copies sent to press,[87][88] with several demanding refunds.[89][91][92] Journalists noted a general backlash from players due to the unusual look of some updated character models, textual errors on in-game surfaces, issues related to draw distance increase, and model and physics glitches.[83][84][85] Users created mods to improve the game's rain and restore removed content.[93][94]
In response to the game's negative reception, Williamson said he was "enjoying this unparalleled level of scrutiny on our studio".[95] On 19 November 2021, Rockstar apologised for the technical problems, admitting the games "did not launch in a state that meets our own standards of quality, or the standards our fans have come to expect".[96] Rockstar reported members of the development team had been harassed online, and urged its community to "maintain a respectful and civil discourse".[96] In January 2022,Strauss Zelnick, CEO of Take-Two Interactive, said the game had a "glitch" at launch that was resolved and the game performed "just great for the company";[97] some journalists felt Zelnick's comments were an attempt to downplay the release's major issues.[97][98][99] The following month, Zelnick reiterated the game "definitely had some quality issues" and the company "did fall short", but noted the issues were being addressed.[100] According to industry sources, the game's backlash resulted in Rockstar shelving remasters ofGrand Theft Auto IV (2008) andRed Dead Redemption (2010), instead increasing focus on development forGrand Theft Auto VI.[101]
In the United Kingdom,The Definitive Edition was the eighth-best-selling game in November 2021,[102][d] and the 20th-best-selling in December;[103] the chart combines physical and digital sales for consoles, though the game was only available digitally in November.[102] Following its physical release, the game charted sixth in the United Kingdom's weekly boxed charts; 67% of copies sold were for PlayStation 4, with the remainder on Xbox.[104] In its second week, the physical version fell to 23rd after sales dropped 70%, and it exited the top 40 the following week.[105] On the PlayStation Store in November 2021, the game was the third-best-selling PlayStation 5 game in Europe and North America; it was the sixth-best-selling for PlayStation 4 in North America, and the eighth in Europe.[106] In December, it was the 20th-best-selling PlayStation 5 game in Europe,[107] and it placed 17th in the region for the year overall.[108] In the United States, the physical version was the 57th-best-selling game of January 2022, and 16th in February.[109]
Journalists estimated the game could have sold up to ten million copies by December 2021.[110][e] In February 2022, Zelnick said sales exceeded expectations and the company felt "very good about how the title has performed commercially",[112] though analyst Michael Pachter ofWedbush Securities said "everyone knew [it] underperformed".[100] The mobile release saw Netflix's monthly game downloads increase almost threefold, becoming its "most successful launch to date" with over 18 million downloads by January 2024: 2.4 million forGrand Theft Auto III, 4.1 million forVice City, and 11.6 million forSan Andreas.[f][114] These figures increased to more than 30 million downloads by June—3.3 million forIII, 6.5 million forVice City, and 20.5 million forSan Andreas[g][117]—whileIII andVice City's figures reached 4.3 million and 9.65 million, respectively, when they were removed from Netflix in December.San Andreas reached 48.3 million downloads by June 2025 (including 2.5 million in the preceding month)[118] and 57.4 million by November;[61] it is Netflix's most-downloaded game, surpassingSquid Game: Unleashed by more than 27 million.[118]
^Of the copies sold in the United Kingdom in November 2021, 59% were for PlayStation consoles, 28% for Xbox consoles, and 13% for Nintendo Switch; Windows data was unavailable.[102]
^Sales for theGrand Theft Auto series increased by fifteen million in December 2021; of these, five million wereGrand Theft Auto V, leading to estimates the remaining ten million wasThe Definitive Edition.[110][111]
^Android: 700,000 (III), 900,000 (Vice City), 2.6 million (San Andreas). iOS: 1.7 million (III), 3.1 million (Vice City), 9.1 million (San Andreas).[113]
^Android: 929,000(III), 1.6 million (Vice City), 4.7 million (San Andreas). iOS: 2.4 million (III), 4.9 million (Vice City), 8.5 million (San Andreas).[115][116]
