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TheGrand Prix racing history of Scuderia Ferrari dates back to 1947. The team is the most successful team in the history ofFormula One racing, having contested everyWorld Championship season since1950, winning 15Drivers' Championships and 16Constructors' Championships.
Enzo Ferrari decided to pursue racing in 1908, at the age of ten: to this end, he eventually began a career as a racing driver in 1919.[1]: 31 During the 1920s he worked forAlfa Romeo, both as a driver in various local races and as an employee in its Milan sales depot.[2][3] In 1929, though, he broke from this line of work to found and manage his own racing team, which he namedScuderia Ferrari. Conceived as an outfit forgentleman drivers and other amateurs, the team was founded through a million-lira loan from a local bank, with additional backing from the wealthy amateur racer Mario Tadini, Augusto and Alfredo Caniato — two brothers in the textile industry — and the tyre companyPirelli. It would be based out ofModena, Enzo's hometown.[3][4]
Enzo quickly set about negotiating with Giorgio Rimini, Alfa Romeo's commercial director, and managed to secure a partnership between their respective companies. The intended arrangement was simple: Alfa Romeo would outfit their factory team,Alfa Corse, with its latest, most sophisticated cars, while Ferrari'sscuderia ('stable')[3] of amateurs would use lower-end cars and hand-me-downs from past seasons. Additionally, Ferrari would operate independently from Alfa Romeo, such that the automaker would be insulated from negative press whenever the team placed poorly. Enzo presented this as beneficial to everyone involved, as it allowed Alfa Romeo to stay active in racing with minimal effects on their other ventures.[3] The team's first race was the 1930Mille Miglia, using cars supplied by Alfa Romeo,[5] and the first use of thePrancing Horse logo was at the 193224 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps.[1]: 43
This initial arrangement did not last. After Alfa Romeo came under the control of the Italian state in 1933, their racing division was downsized, and Scuderia Ferrari functioned as the unofficial company team throughout the mid-1930s.[3] Leading up to the1934 Grand Prix season, Ferrari began conducting their ownresearch and development while Alfa Romeo continued to supply racing cars,[5] a situation that led to vehicles being engineered within Ferrari themselves. These include a streamlined variant of theType B optimised forAVUS, and theBimotore, also based on the Type B, which was driven by two engines at once: one in front of the driver and another behind, each driving the rear wheels through a special split differential.[3][4] These "first Ferraris" tended to be ad hoc and relatively primitive, as Alfa Romeo was facing rough financial outcomes with negligible support from the Italian government.[5] During its heyday, the Scuderia Ferrari of the 1930s employed several notable figures includingVittorio Jano, who served as the team's chief designer, and drivers such asAntonio Ascari,Giuseppe Campari, andTazio Nuvolari.[1]: 43
From 1932 to 1935 Scuderia Ferrari also operated amotorcycle racing division, which was conceived as a way to scout and train future Grand Prix drivers. Instead of Italian motorcycles, the team used British ones manufactured byNorton andRudge. Though Ferrari was successful on two wheels, winning three national titles and 44 overall victories, it was eventually pushed out of the discipline both by the obsolescence of pushrod motorcycle engines and broader economic troubles stemming from theGreat Depression.[6][7]
In May 1947, Ferrari constructed the 12-cylinder, 1.5 LTipo 125, the first racing car to bear the Ferrari name.[8] A Formula One version of theTipo 125, theFerrari 125 F1 was developed in 1948 and entered in several Grands Prix, when a World Championship had not yet been established.
In 1950, theFormula One World Championship was established, and Scuderia Ferrari entered in this first season. It is the only team to have competed in every season of the World Championship, from its inception to the current day.
In fact the Ferrari team missed the first race of the championship, the1950 British Grand Prix, due to a dispute about the 'start money' paid to entrants,[9] and the team debuted in the1950 Monaco Grand Prix with the125 F1, sporting a supercharged version of the 125 V12, and three experienced and successful drivers,Alberto Ascari,Raymond Sommer andGigi Villoresi.[10]The company later switched to the large-displacement naturally aspirated formula for the275, 340, and 375 F1 cars. The Alfa Romeo team won all eleven events it entered in1950 (six World Championship events and five non-championship races), but Ferrari broke their streak in 1951 whenJosé Froilán González took first place at the1951 British Grand Prix.
After the1951 Formula One season the Alfa team withdrew from F1, causing the authorities to adopt theFormula Two regulations[citation needed] due to the lack of suitable F1 cars. Ferrari entered the 2.0 L 4-cylFerrari Tipo 500, which went on to win almost every race in which it competed in the1952 Formula One season with drivers Ascari,Giuseppe Farina, andPiero Taruffi; Ascari took the World Championship after winning six consecutive races. In the1953 Formula One season, Ascari won only five races but another world title; at the end of that season,Juan Manuel Fangio beat the Ferraris in aMaserati for the first time.
The1954 Formula One season brought new rules for 2.5 L engines; Ferrari's new car, designated theFerrari Tipo 625, could barely compete against Fangio with the Maserati and then theMercedes-Benz W196 which appeared in July. Ferrari had only two wins, González at the1954 British Grand Prix andMike Hawthorn at the1954 Spanish Grand Prix. In the1955 Formula One season Ferrari did no better, winning only the1955 Monaco Grand Prix with driverMaurice Trintignant. Late in the tragic 1955 season, the Ferrari team purchased theLancia team's D50 chassis after they had retired following Ascari's death; Fangio,Peter Collins, andEugenio Castellotti raced the D50s successfully in the1956 Formula One season: Collins two races, Fangio won three races and the championship.
In the1957 Formula One season Fangio returned to Maserati. Ferrari, still using its ageing Lancias, failed to win a race. DriversLuigi Musso and the MarquisAlfonso de Portago joined Castellotti; Castellotti died while testing and Portago crashed into a crowd at the Mille Miglia, killing twelve and causing Ferrari to be charged with manslaughter.
In the1958 Formula One season, aConstructors' Championship was introduced and won byVanwall.Carlo Chiti designed an entirely new car for Ferrari: theFerrari 246 F1, with a V6 engine named after Enzo Ferrari's recently deceased son. The team retained drivers Collins, Hawthorn, and Musso, but Musso died at the1958 French Grand Prix and Collins died at the1958 German Grand Prix; Hawthorn won the World Championship and announced his retirement, and died months later in a road accident.
Ferrari hired five new drivers,Tony Brooks,Jean Behra,Phil Hill,Dan Gurney, and occasionallyCliff Allison, for the1959 Formula One season. The team did not get along well; Behra was fired after punching team manager Romolo Tavoni. Brooks was competitive until the end of the season, but in the end, he narrowly lost the championship toJack Brabham with the rear-enginedCooper.
The1960 Formula One season proved little better[quantify] than 1959. Ferrari kept drivers Hill, Allison andWolfgang von Trips and addedWilly Mairesse to drive the dated front-engined 246s andRichie Ginther, who drove Ferrari's first rear-engined car. Allison was severely injured in testing and Hill gave the team its lone win by heading a hollow podium sweep at Monza after top British teams, with the championship already decided, boycotted Italian organizers' decision to contest the race on a high-speed circuit which combined Monza's high-banked oval with the normal road course.
In the1961 Formula One season, with new rules for 1500 cc, the team kept Hill, von Trips and Ginther, and débuted another Chiti-designed car, theFerrari 156 based on the Formula 2 car of 1960, which was dominant[quantify] throughout the season. Ferrari drivers Hill and Von Trips competed for the championship.Giancarlo Baghetti joined in midseason and became the first driver to win on his debut race (the1961 French Grand Prix). However, at the end of the season, von Trips crashed at the1961 Italian Grand Prix and was killed, together with over a dozen spectators. Hill won the championship.
At the end of the 1961 season, in what is called "the walk-out", car designer Carlo Chiti and team manager Romolo Tavoni left to set up their own team,ATS. Ferrari promotedMauro Forghieri to racing director and Eugenio Dragoni to team manager.
For the1962 Formula One season, Hill and Baghetti stayed on with rookiesRicardo Rodríguez andLorenzo Bandini.Richie Ginther had left for BRM, leaving a big gap in the development of new models. The somewhat volatileWilly Mairesse took his place.[11] The team used the 1961 cars for a second year while Forghieri worked on a new design; the team won no race. After a prolonged metalworkers' strike in Italy Ferrari missed two races. This, combined with the betrayal of the 1961 walk-out and various troubles arising from Enzo's refusal to accompany the team to the races (having his wife stand in for him instead) led to Enzo withdrawing from the last two races of the year. The drivers were free to drive for anyone, as long as it did not contradict the existing sponsor contracts withDunlop,Shell,Marchal, andFerodo.[11]
There had been talk of a Gilera-Ferrari in late 1962, with technical drawings released but no car ever seen, using a transversely mounted eight-cylinder engine based on twoGilera four-cylinder motorcycle blocks combined.[11] This came to naught, however, and Ferrari ran smaller lighter 156 cars for the1963 Formula One season. This time the team depended on drivers Bandini,John Surtees, Willy Mairesse andLudovico Scarfiotti. Surtees won the1963 German Grand Prix, at which Mairesse crashed heavily, rendering him unable to drive again.
The new 158 model was at last finished in late 1963 and developed into raceworthiness for the1964 Formula One season, featuring an eight-cylinder engine designed by Angelo Bellei. Surtees and Bandini were joined by young MexicanPedro Rodríguez, brother of Ricardo (who had been killed at the end of 1962), to drive the new cars. Surtees won two races and Bandini one; the Ferrari was slower thanJim Clark'sLotus but its vastly superior reliability gave Surtees the championship and Bandini fourth place. In the last two races in North America, the Ferrari's were entered by private teamNART and painted in the US colour scheme of blue and white, as Enzo was protesting against the Italian sporting authority.
The1965 Formula One season was the last year of the 1.5 L formula, so Ferrari opted to use the same V8 engine another year together with a new flat-12 which had debuted at the end of 1964; they won no races as Clark dominated[quantify] in his now more reliable Lotus. Surtees and Bandini stayed on as drivers, with odd races for Rodríguez, Vaccarella andBob Bondurant.
For the1966 Formula One season with new rules, theFerrari 312 of Surtees consisted of a 3.0 L version of the 3.3 L V12 which they had previously used inFerrari P sports car racers, mounted in the back of a rather heavy F1 chassis. Bandini drove aTasman Series 2.4 L V6 car early in the season. Surtees won one race, the1966 Belgian Grand Prix, but departed after a row with manager Eugenio Dragoni; he was replaced byMike Parkes. Scarfiotti also won a race, the1966 Italian Grand Prix atMonza, with an improved 36-valve engine.
In the1967 Formula One season, the team fired Dragoni and replaced him with Franco Lini;Chris Amon partnered Bandini to drive a somewhat improved version of the 1966 car. At the1967 Monaco Grand Prix Bandini crashed and suffered heavy injuries when he was trapped under his burning car; several days later he succumbed to his injuries. Ferrari kept Mike Parkes and Scarfiotti, but Parkes suffered career-ending injuries weeks later at the1967 Belgian Grand Prix and Scarfiotti temporarily retired from racing after witnessing his crash.
The1968 Formula One season was better;Jacky Ickx drove with one win in France and several good positions, which gave him a chance at the World Championship until a practise crash in Canada, and Amon led several races but won none. At the end of the season, manager Franco Lini quit and Ickx went to theBrabham team. During the summer of 1968, Ferrari worked out a deal to sell his road car business toFiat for $11 million; the transaction took place in early 1969, leaving 50% of the business still under the control of Ferrari himself.
During the1969 Formula One season, Enzo Ferrari set about wisely spending his new-found wealth to revive his struggling team; though Ferrari did compete in Formula One in 1969, it was something of a throwaway season while the team was restructured. Amon continued to drive an older model andPedro Rodríguez replaced Ickx; at the end of the year, Amon left the team.
In1970, a new car and engine was produced for that season, the312B. It had an all-new flat-12 engine, which was to be the engine used by the team for the next 10 seasons. Jacky Ickx rejoined the team and won theAustrian Grand Prix, theCanadian Grand Prix and theMexican Grand Prix to become second in the Drivers' Championship.Clay Regazzoni made his debut that season and won theItalian Grand Prix, finishing third in the standings. Ferrari driver Pedro Rodríguez was killed in an Interserie sports car race at Norisring in Nuremberg, Germany, on 11 July 1971, at the wheel of a Ferrari 512M.
After three poor years, including a disastrous 1973 season which saw Ferrari failing to attend two races – theDutch andGerman Grands Prix – and not scoring a podium for the first time since the team had started racing in Formula One, Ferrari signedNiki Lauda in 1974, and made the momentous decision to pull out of sportscar racing to concentrate upon F1. The same yearLuca di Montezemolo was appointed Team Principal. Ferrari won theSpanish Grand Prix, theDutch Grand Prix and theGerman Grand Prix, but Regazzoni lost the World Championship toEmerson Fittipaldi at the final race of the season, theUnited States Grand Prix.
The newFerrari 312T, developed fully with Lauda and Regazzoni and designed byMauro Forghieri, was introduced in 1975, and brought the team back to winning ways, Lauda won five races and took the drivers' crown, and Ferrari won the Constructors' Championship.
In 1976 Lauda was comfortably leading the championship when he crashed at theGerman Grand Prix, seriously injuring himself.Carlos Reutemann was hired as a replacement, and Ferrari fielded three cars in the1976 Italian Grand Prix when Lauda returned unexpectedly soon (only six weeks after his accident). Lauda scored points twice in the races following his severe crash, but voluntarily withdrew from the season-ending Grand Prix at Fuji after two laps because of heavy rain, andJames Hunt won the drivers' title by a single point, but Ferrari won the constructors' title for the second year in a row.
In 1977 Lauda, having come back from his near-fatal crash the previous year, took the title again for Ferrari (and the team won the Constructors' Championship), overcoming his more fancied, and favoured, teammate Reutemann. His relations with the team, especially Forghieri, continued to deteriorate, and he decided finally to leave forBrabham at the end of the season.
In1978, Ferrari raced with Reutemann andGilles Villeneuve, and while they managed to produce a solid car, winning five races, it was outclassed by theground effectLotus 79.
Jody Scheckter replacing the Lotus bound Argentinian in 1979, took the title, supported by Gilles Villeneuve (who dutifully followed the South African home at Monza), and won the last World Drivers' Championship in a Ferrari untilMichael Schumacher 21 years later. The car was a compromise ground effect design due to the configuration of the Ferrari wide-angle flat-12, which was overtaken in due course by the extremely successful[peacock prose]Williams FW07, but not before racking up the necessary points to take both titles that year.
Ferrari andJody Scheckter's1980 title defence was unsuccessful, as the team's rivals made up ground at the expense of the reigning champions. The team scored a meagre total of eight points all season, and Scheckter elected to retire at its conclusion. For the1981 season, Ferrari signedDidier Pironi to partnerGilles Villeneuve and also introduced its ownturbo-charged engine, which provided more power in a more compact design than the previous normally aspirated, twelve-cylinder arrangement. The season was a distinct improvement on the last, Villeneuve winning theMonaco andSpanish Grands Prix, but a potential championship challenge was stymied by the difficult handling and extremely poor aerodynamics of the car. However, the lessons learnt from the team's first racing experience with a turbo car in F1 prepared it well for1982.
Throughout the 1982 season, the Ferrari was the best package, in terms of a balance between speed and reliability. The year was, however, marred by the loss of both of Ferrari's drivers. Team leader and favourite driver ofEnzo Ferrari, Villeneuve, died in a crash during qualifying at theBelgian Grand Prix, while Pironi suffered career-ending injuries before theGerman Grand Prix later in the season. Ferrari first called upPatrick Tambay, in place of the late Villeneuve, and laterMario Andretti in an effort to protect Pironi's lead in the championship, but to no avail. Ferrari did, however, win the Constructors' Championship. The same year, the Formula One works moved partially out of the original Maranello factory into its own autonomous facility, still in Maranello but directly next to theFiorano test circuit.
Four wins byRené Arnoux and Patrick Tambay won the team another constructors' title in 1983, but neither driver was consistent enough to challenge for the drivers' title. Patrick Tambay took an especially emotional victory at San Marino in front of the Tifosi, but left to join theRenault team at the end of the season.Michele Alboreto was hired for1984 following his impressive performances during the previous year driving a Cosworth-powered Tyrrell. He won theBelgian Grand Prix, but the team's performance was not competitive enough to challenge theTAG-Porsche-poweredMcLarens ofNiki Lauda andAlain Prost. In thefollowing year, however, Alboreto was Prost's closest challenger for the championship, leading it at one stage before the team's competitiveness slumped in the final races. Arnoux, meanwhile, fell out with the team and was replaced byStefan Johansson after the first race of the season.1986 continued the disappointing trend of the previous season as neither Alboreto nor Johansson could win a race, and never looked like doing so. For1987, Johansson moved to McLaren and was replaced byGerhard Berger, who got the better of Alboreto as the season progressed and won the final two races of the championship as the car's form improved towards the end of the season. The team remained competitive into1988, finishing second in the Constructors' Championship, but a long way behind McLaren, who now used the worksHonda engines which had won the previous two Constructors' Championships.
The1988 season also witnessed the end ofEnzo Ferrari's ownership of the team. On 14 August 1988, Ferrari died at the age of 90. Fiat's share of the company was raised to 90% with Enzo's only remaining son,Piero Ferrari, inheriting the remaining share from his father. Just under a month after Enzo's death, Berger and Alboreto completed a historic 1–2 at theItalian Grand Prix, the only time a team other than McLaren-Honda won a Grand Prix in the1988 season. Berger dedicated the win to the late Enzo Ferrari.
1989 saw the end of turbo-charging in Formula One. From this date, the formula was for 3.5-litre normally aspirated engines of no greater than 12 cylinders, which was a direct consequence of lobbying by Ferrari for the previous few years. The team went so far as to construct an Indycar, theFerrari 637, as a threat to theFIA that if they did not get what they wanted, namely the allowance of V12 engines under the revised formula, they could take part in another series. Due to the expected extreme high revs and consequent narrow power band expected of the new engines, technical directorJohn Barnard insisted upon the development of a revolutionary new gear-shifting arrangement – the paddle-operated, semi-automatic gearbox. In pre-season testing, the experimental system proved extremely troublesome, with newly arrived driverNigel Mansell being unable to compete more than a handful of laps, but nonetheless they managed a debut win at the opening round inBrazil. Horrendous reliability led to Berger being unable to score a point until a run of podiums at Monza, Estoril and Jerez including a win at Estoril. Mansell scored a memorable win at Budapest where he overtook world championAyrton Senna for the win after qualifying far down the field in twelfth. He then dedicated the race to the memory of Enzo Ferrari as the win came a year after the latter's death.
Then triple world championAlain Prost left McLaren to partner Mansell at Ferrari for the1990 Formula One season. As reigning world champion, Prost assumed the role of lead driver, much to teammate Mansell's dismay. In his autobiography, Mansell claimed that Ferrari had switched his car with Prost's at the1990 British Grand Prix without his foreknowledge.[12] Mansell departed Ferrari at the end of the 1990 season. Prost won five races and entered the penultimate round of the season, the controversial[clarification needed]1990 Japanese Grand Prix, with a nine-point deficit to McLaren driver and former teammateAyrton Senna. A controversial[clarification needed] first-lap collision between Senna and Prost allowed Senna to secure the 1990 FIA Formula One World Drivers' Championship, with Prost ranking second.
Mansell was replaced by FrenchmanJean Alesi, previously driving forTyrrell, for the1991 Formula One season. However, Ferrari had entered a downturn in 1991, partially as their famous V12 engine was no longer competitive against the smaller, lighter and more fuel-efficient V10s of their competitors. Prost won no races, only getting onto the podium five times. He criticised the team, described his car as harder to drive than "a truck",[13] and was fired prior to the end of the season, right before theAustralian Grand Prix.[14] Prost was replaced by ItalianGianni Morbidelli. The team won no races between 1991 and 1993.
Gerhard Berger returned to Ferrari to partner Alesi in 1993, andJean Todt was hired as team principal. With theFerrari 412T, Berger and Alesi achieved two podiums and four pole positions. However the next seasons' poor reliability and fuel consumption limited the number of wins to just one each for Berger (1994 German Grand Prix) and Alesi (1995 Canadian Grand Prix), despite Alesi being in a good position to win at Monza and the Nürburgring in 1995. Nevertheless the car was a solid and competitive upgrade, and with Berger's victory, achieved after three seasons without a race win, started a record of at least one GP victory in the following twenty consecutive seasons.
Ferrari completely changed their driver line-up for the1996 Formula One season, replacing Berger and Alesi with formerJordan driverEddie Irvine, and two-time defending world champion (formerBenetton driver)Michael Schumacher, for a salary of around $30 million a year.[citation needed] Many members of theBenetton team's technical staff followed, namelyRoss Brawn (technical director),Rory Byrne (chief designer),Nikolas Tombazis (head of aerodynamics) andTad Czapski (head of electronics). New engine rules reducing engine capacity from 3500cc to 3000cc required Ferrari to switch to the (3.0L)V10 engine for 1996.
Despite poor reliability,[clarification needed] Michael Schumacher managed to score three wins during the 1996 season with theFerrari F310. In very wet conditions at theSpanish Grand Prix, despite starting from the second row and having a poor start, Schumacher climbed back up the order to win the race by 45 seconds over now Benetton driver Jean Alesi. This was the first Formula One victory for a Ferrari V10 engine.[15] Both Ferrari drivers retired from the three subsequent rounds on the calendar, theCanadian Grand Prix, theFrench Grand Prix, where Schumacher had qualified in pole position but failed to start after an engine failure on the formation lap, and theBritish Grand Prix respectively. At the1996 Belgian Grand Prix, superior pit strategy enabled Schumacher to emerge ahead of Williams driverJacques Villeneuve to score his second win of the season. Schumacher followed up his Belgian win by winning theItalian Grand Prix atMonza, Ferrari's first win on home soil since 1988. Ferrari finished second in the Constructors' Championship, with Schumacher finishing third in the drivers' standings and Irvine tenth.
For the1997 Formula One season, the increased reliability of theF310B enabled Ferrari to challenge for its first Drivers' Championship since Jody Scheckter had won Ferrari's last drivers' title 18 years earlier, in 1979. Michael Schumacher finished on the podium eight times during the course of the season, including five wins, and went into the final round leading Williams driverJacques Villeneuve by one point.[16] On Lap 48 of the final round of the 1997 season, the1997 European Grand Prix atJerez, Michael Schumacher and Jacques Villeneuve collided as the latter attempted to overtake for the race lead down the inside of theDry Sac corner. Schumacher retired from the race, and Villeneuve clinched the 1997 Drivers' Championship with a third-place finish.[17] The stewards of the event had initially deemed the collision a racing incident.[18] However, Schumacher was then summoned and disqualified from the 1997 World Drivers' Championship for unsportsmanlike conduct in an extraordinary meeting of theFIA World Motor Sport Council on 11 November 1997.[19] Ferrari's Constructors' Championship points, however, remained intact, and the team finished second overall. Eddie Irvine, having scored five podiums throughout the season, was classified seventh in the drivers' standings.
Following the dramatic 1997 season, Ferrari came out with an all-new car to fit the new regulations for1998, theF300. Although it was a competitive package, the McLaren–MercedesMP4/13 was most often stronger. Schumacher won six races that season including three in a row at Canada, France and Great Britain. The Hungarian Grand Prix was won after a tactical master-stroke by Brawn decided to make the car run a 3-stop strategy as opposed to McLaren's 2. Schumacher then went on to lead Irvine home to Ferrari's first 1–2 at Monza since the memorable 1988 race after Enzo Ferrari's death. Schumacher lost the title to McLaren'sMika Häkkinen at Suzuka after he stalled on the front row then suffered a mid-race puncture. Irvine was fourth in the championship with Ferrari second in the constructors' title.
The1999 Formula One season started well for Ferrari, the team winning three of the first four races of the season. Eddie Irvine scored his maiden career win at the season-openingAustralian Grand Prix.[20] Michael Schumacher scored back-to-back victories at theSan Marino Grand Prix and theMonaco Grand Prix.[21][22] The team's fortunes began to change inCanada, however, with Michael Schumacher retiring from the lead of the race after sliding into the wall at the exit of the final chicane of theCircuit Gilles Villeneuve, since known as the "Wall of Champions".[23][24] On Lap 1 of theBritish Grand Prix atSilverstone, Schumacher crashed heavily atStowe Corner after his rear brake failed, sending him off the circuit after he locked up at approximately 130 mph. He broke his lower right leg as a result, forcing him to miss the next six races and ending his bid for the 1999 Drivers' Championship.[25] Ferrari replaced him withMika Salo.[26] Irvine became Ferrari's main contender for the drivers' title. He won the next two rounds inAustria and inGermany. Schumacher returned for the final two races of the season, handing Irvine the race lead and eventual win at the inauguralMalaysian Grand Prix. Both Ferrari drivers had been disqualified after the race as the side deflector panel on both cars was deemed to have been one centimetre too long, making Mika Häkkinen the provisional Drivers' Champion.[27] However, both Ferrari cars were reinstated on appeal, and Irvine led the drivers' standings by four points over Häkkinen going into the final round.[28] Irvine ultimately fell short of the 1999 Drivers' Championship at the season-endingJapanese Grand Prix, where he finished third, losing to Häkkinen by two points in the final standings. Schumacher's second place in the race helped Ferrari secure the 1999 Constructors' Championship, their first since 1983.[29][30]
Ferrari replaced Irvine withRubens Barrichello ahead of the2000 Formula One season.[31] The season started well, with Schumacher and Barrichello scoring a 1–2 finish inAustralia after both McLaren drivers retired from the race.[32] Schumacher followed his Australian win with consecutive victories inBrazil and inSan Marino, to lead the drivers' standings by 21 points after only three races.[33][34] Schumacher's early points lead was minimised, however, after a string of consecutive retirements inFrance,Austria, andGermany left him with only a two-point lead over reigning world champion Mika Häkkinen. At the German Grand Prix atHockenheim, Barrichello scored his maiden career win after starting 18th on the grid.[35] At the2000 Italian Grand Prix, Schumacher scored his 41st career victory to match the victory tally ofAyrton Senna. During the post-race press conference, he burst into tears when asked if the record "meant a lot" to him.[36] Schumacher won the 2000 Drivers' Championship in theF1-2000 at theJapanese Grand Prix, becoming Ferrari's first Drivers' Champion since Jody Scheckter in 1979.[37] Barrichello was classified fourth in the final standings, and Ferrari took its second consecutive Constructors' Championship.[38]
Michael Schumacher and Ferrari continued their good form into the2001 Formula One season, winning the first two races inAustralia[39] and inMalaysia.[40] Schumacher took his third victory of the season when, on the last lap of theSpanish Grand Prix, McLaren driver Mika Häkkinen retired from the race lead with mechanical failure.[41] Wins inMonaco,Europe, andFrance helped Schumacher secure his lead in the drivers' standings, and he secured his fourth Drivers' Championship after winning theHungarian Grand Prix, with four races remaining.[42] At theBelgian Grand Prix, Michael Schumacher scored his 52nd career victory to surpass Alain Prost's record of most Grand Prix victories.[43] TheItalian Grand Prix was the first Formula One race held after theSeptember 11 attacks in the United States.[44] Ferrari removed all advertising and painted the nosecones of both of its cars black as a mark of respect to the victims.[45] Ferrari won their third consecutive Constructors' Championship, as Barrichello was classified third in the drivers' standings, despite scoring no wins.
In2002, Ferrari won 15 out of 17 races (Schumacher 11, Barrichello 4) to match McLaren's record number of wins in a season, set in1988.[46] Their successful run, however, was tainted by a team orders controversy at theAustrian Grand Prix. In a replay of 2001, Barrichello was asked to give way to Schumacher on the final lap of the Grand Prix, except this time for the win. An embarrassed Schumacher then pushed Barrichello to the top step of the podium, and Ferrari were subsequently fined $1 million by the FIA for interfering with podium procedures.[47] This debacle eventually led to the banning of team orders ahead of the2003 season. Schumacher matched Juan Manuel Fangio's record of five world championships, set in the 1950s, at the2002 French Grand Prix.[48] Ferrari finished 1–2 at theUnited States Grand Prix, Barrichello leading Schumacher after the latter had slowed down on the last lap to attempt a 'dead heat' with his teammate, by a margin of 0.011 seconds, in one of the closest finishes in Formula One history.[49][50]
The first race of the2003 Formula One season, theAustralian Grand Prix, was the first race since the1999 European Grand Prix where neither Ferrari driver had finished on the podium. McLaren had an early lead in the standings, but Ferrari had closed the points gap by theCanadian Grand Prix. Both championships were still undecided at the last round of the 2003 season, theJapanese Grand Prix. After having started 14th, Schumacher finished eighth in the race, and clinched his sixth championship by two points over McLaren driverKimi Räikkönen, surpassing Juan Manuel Fangio's record; Ferrari managed to win their 13thConstructors' Championship with Rubens Barrichello winning the race after starting from pole position.[51] In 2003, F1 magazine reported that Ferrari's budget was $443,800,000.[52]
Ferrari rebounded in2004, with Schumacher winning 13 of the 18 races, and 12 of the first 13 of the season, both F1 records. He won his seventh and finalDrivers' Championship by finishing second at theBelgian Grand Prix, with four races still remaining. Barrichello finished second in the standings, and Ferrari easily wrapped up the Constructors' Championship. Barrichello won twice, at theItalian Grand Prix and theChinese Grand Prix respectively.
The2005 Formula One season saw a change of fortune for Ferrari. The team started the year with the F2004M, a modified version of the previous year's car pending full development of their new car, theF2005, which was scheduled to be introduced at theSpanish Grand Prix. The car lacked pace in comparison with other teams (particularly McLaren and Renault who started the year with brand new cars). Alarmed by poor performances in theAustralian Grand Prix and in theMalaysian Grand Prix, the F2005 was rushed into service at the third round, theBahrain Grand Prix, where Schumacher retired from hydraulics failure, his first mechanical failure since the2001 German Grand Prix, ending a run of 58 Grands Prix without technical failure.
The poor relative performance of the team'sBridgestone tyres was also cited as a reason for Ferrari's lack of performance in 2005. The Bridgestone tyres failed to give sufficient grip in qualifying and were not as durable as theirMichelin rivals during races. However, the tyres provided for theSan Marino Grand Prix were more competitive, and the Bridgestone tyres supplied for theUnited States Grand Prix allowed the three Bridgestone teams to race, while the seven Michelin teams were forced to withdraw.
In August 2005, Rubens Barrichello announced that he was leaving Ferrari at the end of the year to join theHonda team, citing a need for 'renewed motivation', and rumoured[by whom?] to have been 'unhappy with his continued status as number two to Schumacher'.[53][54] Ferrari named thenSauber driverFelipe Massa as Barrichello's replacement for the2006 Formula One season.
Ferrari's 2006 car, the248 F1, was the first car developed entirely underAldo Costa, after the departure of Rory Byrne.[55] Ferrari finished 1–2 in theUnited States Grand Prix. Massa won his first race at theTurkish Grand Prix, and Schumacher announced his retirement at theItalian Grand Prix, which he won.Kimi Räikkönen was announced as Schumacher's replacement for the 2007 season.[55] Still in contention for the championship, Schumacher won his final race at theChinese Grand Prix, but ultimately fell short of an eighth drivers title.[55] At theBrazilian Grand Prix Schumacher finished fourth in his final race for Ferrari, setting the fastest lap following a puncture, the race was won by Massa. Ferrari finished five points behind Renault for the Constructors' Championship.[55]
In theF2007,Kimi Räikkönen won the inaugural race of the2007 Formula One season, the first Ferrari driver to win on his Ferrari debut sinceNigel Mansell in 1989. Räikkönen subsequently won the Drivers' Championship by one point over both McLaren drivers, and, with nine victories, Ferrari won the Constructors' Championship.
The2007 Formula One espionage controversy directly concerned Ferrari employeeNigel Stepney, who was dismissed by the team as a result.[56] The case revolved around the theft of technical information.[57]
After the end of the 2007 season, Ferrari PresidentLuca Cordero di Montezemolo announced a new structure for the team, withJean Todt departing the team principal role and moving up to his senior role as CEO of the company,Stefano Domenicali took over as team principal asRoss Brawn declined a return following his sabbatical (he became Team Principal ofHonda),Aldo Costa as technical director andMario Almondo as Operations Director.[58] It had been reported that this completed a shift in Ferrari personnel where the older foreign leadership was replaced with a new one composed mostly of Italians.[59]
TheF2008 was Ferrari's car for the2008 Formula One season. Räikkönen led the championship early on after taking two victories from the early rounds, but multiple incidents for him later saw Massa battle McLaren'sLewis Hamilton for the Drivers' Championship until the end of the season.[60][61] Massa went into the final race of the season, theBrazilian Grand Prix, in contention for the championship. Massa won the race, but ultimately lost the drivers' title to Hamilton after the latter managed to get pastTimo Glock for fifth place on the final lap of the race.[62] However, Ferrari did win the Constructors' World Championship. In October 2008, Ferrari issued a statement saying that they would reconsider their participation in Formula One beyond the2009 Formula One season, due to the FIA's desire to introduce standardised engines from 2010.[63] The FIA's plan was never implemented.
Ferrari started the2009 Formula One season poorly with theF60, recording their worst start to a season since1981.[64] During qualifying for the2009 Hungarian Grand Prix, Felipe Massa was injured when he was struck by a spring that had detached from the rear suspension of Rubens Barrichello'sBrawn BGP 001.[65] He was poised to be replaced by former Ferrari teammate and seven-time Formula One champion Michael Schumacher as of theEuropean Grand Prix, but the latter was sidelined by a motorbike injury he had sustained earlier in the year.[66][67] Massa was eventually replaced byLuca Badoer, and later byGiancarlo Fisichella, for the remainder of the 2009 season.[68] Ferrari recorded their only win of the 2009 season at theBelgian Grand Prix, where Kimi Räikkönen won ahead of pole-sitter Giancarlo Fisichella (Force India) after having started sixth.[69]
| Season | Chassis | Races | Wins | Pole positions | 1–2 finishes | Podiums | Fastest laps | Average winning margin | Points | Percentage of max attainable points | WDC | WCC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | F1-2000 | 17 | 10 | 10 | 3 | 21 | 4 | 12.1 seconds | 170 | 63% | 1st, 4th | 1st |
| 2001 | F2001 | 17 | 9 | 11 | 3 | 24 | 3 | 14.8 seconds | 179 | 66% | 1st, 3rd | 1st |
| 2002 | F2001,F2002 | 17 | 15 | 10 | 9 | 27 | 10 | 19.9 seconds | 221 | 81% | 1st, 2nd | 1st |
| 2003 | F2002B,F2003-GA | 16 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 16 | 8 | 6.5 seconds | 158 | 62% | 1st, 4th | 1st |
| 2004 | F2004 | 18 | 15 | 11 | 8 | 29 | 14 | 17.5 seconds | 262 | 81% | 1st, 2nd | 1st |
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Despite still having a year of his contract remaining, Räikkönen left Ferrari and was replaced by the double world championFernando Alonso.[70][71]Ferrari announced that Felipe Massa would partner Fernando Alonso until at least the end of the2012 Formula One season.[72]
The2010 Formula One season started with Fernando Alonso leading a Ferrari 1–2, with Massa second, at the2010 Bahrain Grand Prix.[73] However, after the first seven races, Ferrari were lying third in the Constructors' Championship, following a string of low points finishes. Ferrari remained third in the Constructors' Championship following a controversial 1–2 finish at theGerman Grand Prix, where Ferrari were deemed[by whom?] to have given an order to Felipe Massa to give the lead of the race to Fernando Alonso. Team orders had been banned in Formula One since 2003. The stewards fined Ferrari $100,000 – the maximum penalty race stewards could impose. The incident was referred to theFIA World Motor Sport Council for review, and no further action was taken. Alonso won further races atMonza,Singapore and the inaugural race inKorea as he finished the season second toSebastian Vettel.
Ferrari launched its 2011 car, theFerrari 150º Italia in January 2011, withFord declaring intentions to sue over the use of the F150 name – under which the car had been launched – Ferrari began referring to the car as the "F150th Italia".[74] In March 2011, the car's name was changed again to "150º Italia", with theItalian languageordinal indicator º being used to replace the English language -th.[75] Ford and Ferrari also settled their legal matter, asking for the case to be dismissed at a court in Detroit.[76] In 2011 Alonso renewed his contract with Ferrari to at least the end of the 2016 season.[77] Massa renewed his contract for one more season alongside Alonso.[78]
The 2012 Formula One season saw Ferrari continue with the driver pairing of the previous two years ofFernando Alonso andFelipe Massa,[72][79] with Alonso once again narrowly missing out on the drivers' title.
Ferrari's car for the2013 Formula One season is theFerrari F138. Massa was replaced byKimi Räikkönen for 2014, while Alonso was retained. Despite having such a line-up, the team struggled throughout the season, only achieving two podiums and finishing fourth in the Constructors' Championship behind a resurgent Williams, marking Ferrari's first winless season since1993.Stefano Domenicali was replaced as team principal byMarco Mattiacci. Prior to the2014 Italian Grand Prix,Luca Cordero di Montezemolo announced his resignation as Ferrari chairman. Räikkönen was retained for the2015 season while Alonso left the team, to rejoinMcLaren. He was replaced bySebastian Vettel, who leftRed Bull Racing.[80] In October 2014, the team announced replacing its outdated simulator software to the more capable rFpro.[81][82][83]
After a massive management overhaul, withSergio Marchionne andMaurizio Arrivabene replacing di Montezemolo and Mattiacci as Ferrari President and Team Principal respectively, the team enjoyed an improved start to the2015 season, with Sebastian Vettel taking third inAustralia. However, Räikkönen was forced to retire from the race due to a loose wheel. The team ended their 34-race winless streak inMalaysia when Vettel held off both Mercedes cars to claim his first victory since leaving Red Bull at the end of the previous year. Sebastian Vettel managed to win twice more for Ferrari in 2015, at the2015 Hungarian Grand Prix, and finally at the2015 Singapore Grand Prix. Vettel and Räikkönen finished third and fourth respectively in the drivers' standings.
After scoring no wins during the2016 season, Ferrari scored their 225th Formula One victory at the2017 Australian Grand Prix, courtesy of Sebastian Vettel, who had not won a race since the2015 Singapore Grand Prix.[84] Vettel took the lead of theWorld Drivers' Championship standings, the first time a Ferrari driver had done so since the2012 Japanese Grand Prix, 1,625 days prior, and became the first non-Mercedes driver to do so since Vettel himself had done so at the end of the2013 season. It was also the first time a team other than Mercedes led the World Constructors' Championship standings since the start of2014.[85] At theChinese Grand Prix, Vettel finished second behind Mercedes driver Lewis Hamilton, while Kimi Räikkönen finished fifth.[86] Vettel took his second victory of the season at the2017 Bahrain Grand Prix after starting third to extend his lead in the Drivers' Championship standings. Räikkönen's fourth place in the race gave Ferrari a three-point lead in the Constructors' Championship standings.[87]
Ferrari's first 1–2 finish since 2010 came at theMonaco Grand Prix, where Vettel became the first Ferrari driver to win in Monaco since Michael Schumacher had done so 16 years earlier, in 2001.[88] The event also marked Kimi Räikkönen's first pole position since the2008 French Grand Prix, almost nine years earlier, after beating Vettel by 0.043 seconds in qualifying. Controversy followed at the2017 Azerbaijan Grand Prix. On lap 19 of the Grand Prix, immediately prior to the Safety Car restart, Sebastian Vettel and Lewis Hamilton collided after the former hit the latter in the rear. Vettel, having judged Hamilton, the leader, to have brake-tested him at the exit of Turn 15 of theBaku City Circuit, then drove alongside him and turned into him. Vettel was awarded a 10-second stop-and-go penalty for his actions, losing a win after Hamilton had issues of his own. Vettel, however, still re-emerged ahead of Hamilton after the former served his penalty and extended his lead in the Drivers' Championship.[89] The FIA, the sport's governing body, summoned Vettel to an extraordinary meeting of theFIA World Motor Sport Council for his actions at the Azerbaijan Grand Prix, but ruled that no further action was necessary after Vettel issued a full apology.[90] After four races without a win, Ferrari returned to success at theHungarian Grand Prix with a victory bySebastian Vettel and their second 1–2 of the season. Vettel lost his lead in the Drivers' Championship to Hamilton at theItalian Grand Prix,[91] on Ferrari home ground.
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After taking pole position at the nextrace in Singapore and Hamilton only qualifying fifth,[92] Vettel looked set to regain the championship lead, however a crash between him, Raikkonen andRed Bull'sMax Verstappen right after the start of the race took all three drivers out and elevated Hamilton to the lead. Hamilton went on to win the Grand Prix and extended his championship lead to 28 points.[93] InMalaysia, Vettel failed to set a time in qualifying due to an engine issue he suffered in Free Practice 3, a few hours earlier, and therefore started last on the grid,[94] while Hamilton took pole. Raikkonen qualified second but failed to even start the race after yet another engine issue.[95] Vettel climbed up to fourth in the race, but Hamilton extended his advantage to 34 points after finishing second.[96] InJapan, Vettel and Ferrari's championship aspirations took yet another blow, after the German retired on lap 4 due to a spark plug failure.[97] Mercedes claimed the Constructos' Championship at theUnited States Grand Prix,[98] while Hamilton claimed the Drivers' Championship at thenext race in Mexico.[99] Vettel took Ferrari's first win since Hungary and the last of 2017 inBrazil.[100]
On 22 August 2017, Ferrari announced thatKimi Räikkönen had been re-signed for the 2018 season.[101] On 26 August 2017, Ferrari announced thatSebastian Vettel had also re-signed, meaning that Ferrari's duo of drivers would remain unchanged for the fourth consecutive year in2018.[102] On 11 September 2018, Ferrari announced that Räikkönen would be leaving forSauber (which subsequently becameAlfa Romeo) andCharles Leclerc and Vettel would be the team's race drivers for 2019. On 7 January 2019, Ferrari announced thatMaurizio Arrivabene had been replaced byMattia Binotto as team principal for the 2019 season.[103]
At the2019 Belgian Grand Prix, Leclerc took his third pole position of the season alongside teammateSebastian Vettel in 2nd—the second Ferrari front row lockout of the season. During the race, Leclerc fended off the charging Mercedes ofLewis Hamilton to record his maiden Grand Prix win. At theItalian Grand Prix, Leclerc won the race from pole position after defending his position from bothMercedes drivers and became the first Ferrari driver to win atMonza sinceFernando Alonso won there for the team in2010 in front of thetifosi. Sebastian Vettel won the2019 Singapore Grand Prix from teammate Leclerc. That win remained Ferrari's last victory in Formula 1 untilCharles Leclerc won the2022 Bahrain Grand Prix on the opening round of the season, ending the team's 45-race winless streak.[104]
Sebastian Vettel andCharles Leclerc were retained for the2020 Formula One World Championship, Leclerc was contracted to drive for the team through to 2024 and Vettel left the team at the end of 2020 joiningAston Martin F1 Team for2021.[105][106]Carlos Sainz Jr. joined the team from the2021 season as Vettel's replacement, coming fromMcLaren.[107] In August 2020, the Scuderia signed the newConcorde Agreement to compete in the Formula 1 World Championship from 2021 to 2025 coinciding with the new rule changes while also expressing their synonymity and commitment with the sport.[108] The2020 Tuscan Grand Prix marked Ferrari's 1,000th Grand Prix start as a constructor. Ferrari finished the season in 6th place in the Constructors' Championship, their worst finish since1980.[109] Followingcontroversy[110] over the high straight-line speed of the previous car, the 2020car was notably slower than last year's entry, losing 65 bhp (48 kW).[111]
At the2020 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, the Ferrari Team PrincipalMattia Binotto announced the name of the 2021 car,Ferrari SF21, with the 2020Ferrari SF1000 chassis with a new aerodynamic design for earn less drag and a new powertrain for more horsepower.[112] While scoring no wins with the SF21, Ferrari finished third in the Constructors' Championship.
For the 2022 season, the team used theFerrari F1-75, which celebrated the 75th anniversary of the first Ferrari production car.[113] The F1-75 brought Ferrari their first race win atBahrain under Leclerc, their first since the 2019 season.[114][115] For the first half of the championship, Ferrari looked to be back on form after the winless seasons of the past two years, showing consistent results. However, a string of strategy errors[116][117] and mechanical failures[118] soon ensued, and inFrance, Leclerc, due to driver error, spun out and crashed. He subsequently retired, locking Ferrari out of first place in the Constructors' Championship. However, Leclerc would secure another win, and Ferrari's last win of the season, in theAustrian Grand Prix at the expense of Sainz, whose engine blew up.[119] Ferrari would go on to finish second in the Constructors' Championship with Leclerc in second and Sainz in fifth in the Drivers' Championship.
Ferrari went into2023 with theFerrari SF-23, which suffered a retirement atBahrain with Leclerc, who started third, reporting a mechanical failure, and Sainz bringing the car to fourth.[120] Ferrari secured their first pole position of the season with Leclerc taking pole at theAzerbaijan andBelgian Grands Prix. TheItalian Grand Prix saw Sainz take his first pole position of the season, and after Sainz offered a spirited defence against Max Verstappen, both Ferrari drivers ultimately finished third and fourth to propel Scuderia Ferrari to third place in the Constructors' Championship. The team secured its only win of the season with Sainz playing a strategic move withLando Norris atSingapore Grand Prix. Sainz had converted his pole position to a victory.[121] Leclerc took pole position for theUnited States Grand Prix, which was also his 100th start, but while he achieved a podium during the sprint, he could not convert his race pole position to a victory once again;[122] in addition, he was disqualified for an infringement with his planks, promoting, amongst them, his teammate to a podium position.[123] Leclerc made it two consecutive pole positions in a row at theMexico City Grand Prix.[124] but an ill-fated encounter withSergio Pérez which resulted in the home hero's retirement damaged his endplate. He would end up finishing third with Sainz trailing behind him.[125] TheSão Paulo Grand Prix offered differing fortunes for both drivers; Leclerc finished fifth in the sprint, but he crashed out due to a sudden hydraulics failure. Meanwhile, Sainz finished eighth in the sprint and sixth in the main race.[126] Leclerc would return to pole position at theLas Vegas Grand Prix,[127] while Sainz's SF-23 suffered from a severely damaged floor in the first practice session[128] which led to a ten-place grid penalty for the race itself.[129] In the main race, Sainz finished sixth and Leclerc fought Pérez to the line.[130] After Sainz crashed out during first practice at theAbu Dhabi Grand Prix, he failed to exit the first qualifying segment and was disallowed a race finish due to engine-related issues. Meanwhile, Leclerc finished second, and Ferrari ultimately finished third in the Constructors' Championship, three points behind Mercedes, and Leclerc ended up tying, points-wise, with Fernando Alonso (206 each); Sainz was positioned in seventh.[131]
Ferrari began the2024 campaign by extending Leclerc, ending rumours he would leave the team at the conclusion of the season.[132] A week later, Ferrari announced that seven-time World ChampionLewis Hamilton would race for Ferrari beginning in 2025, leaving Carlos Sainz to look for an alternative drive for the following season.[133][134] TheSF-24, from the first race inBahrain, was immediately competitive. After being replaced by reserve driverOliver Bearman for theSaudi Arabian Grand Prix due toappendicitis surgery, Sainz proceeded to take a victory in theAustralian Grand Prix. His teammate Leclerc was behind him, marking Ferrari's first 1-2 finish since the 2022Bahrain Grand Prix.[135]
On 24 April 2024, the team announced a multi-year title partnership withHP Inc., renaming the team as Scuderia Ferrari HP from the2024 Miami Grand Prix onwards.[136][137] Following the victory in Australia, three further wins were observed. Leclerc took three victories at hishome Grand Prix at Monaco,[138] won at Ferrari's home race ofMonza,[139] and then won their first race in theUnited States since2018 withKimi Räikkönen,[140] while Sainz won an additional race, and his last with the team before departing forWilliams, atMexico City.[141] Ferrari ultimately placed second in the Constructors' Championship, behindMcLaren;Red Bull Racing fell out of contention inQatar. In the Drivers' Championship, Leclerc finished in third, with Sainz in fifth.[142]
For2025, Ferrari rolled out theFerrari SF-25. The team began their campaign with a disappointing season opener inAustralia with an eighth and tenth-place finish, for Leclerc and Hamilton respectively,[143] after a poor strategy.[144] While Hamilton won theChinese sprint,[145] both him and Leclerc were disqualified from the main race due to skid wear[146] and an underweight car[147] respectively.
