She died at the age of 52 atMonaco Hospital, from injuries sustained in a car crash. Her son, Prince Albert, helped establish thePrincess Grace Awards in 1984 to recognize emerging performers in film, theatre, and dance.
Kelly's mother,Margaret Majer, was ofGerman ancestry.[12][13] Margaret had taught physical education at theUniversity of Pennsylvania and had been the first woman to coach women's athletics at Penn.[13][14] She also modeled for a time in her youth.[13] After marrying John Kelly in 1924, Margaret focused on being a homemaker until all her children were of school age, following which she began actively participating in various civic organizations.[13] Patrilineally, Margaret descended fromProf.Johann Christian von Majer [de] (1741–1821) fromLudwigsburg, who worked as a political scientist, jurist and theologian,[15] and was elected five timesRector of theUniversity of Tübingen.[16] Through him, Grace was descended from theStauffenberg family — best known forClaus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, who attempted to assassinateAdolf Hitler — as well as from several other minorGerman noble families, including the von Plieningen, von Münchingen, von Ow, von Bettendorf, von Nippenburg, and von Roth families.[17][18]
Kelly had two older siblings, Margaret andJohn Jr., and a younger sister, Elizabeth. The children were raised in the Catholic faith, and Grace continued to practice the faith until her death, withRita Gam describing her as a "deeply religious person".[19][20] Kelly grew up in a small, close-knit Catholic community. She was baptized and received her elementary education in the parish of Saint Bridget's inEast Falls. Founded in 1853 bySaint John Neumann, the fourth Bishop of Philadelphia, Saint Bridget's was a relatively young parish, with families very familiar with one another. While attendingRavenhill Academy, a Catholic girls' school, Kelly modeled fashions at local charity events with her mother and sisters. In 1942, at the age of 12, she played the lead inDon't Feed the Animals, a play produced in East Falls by the Old Academy Players.[9]
In May 1947, Kelly graduated from Stevens School, a private institution in nearbyChestnut Hill, where she participated in drama and dance programs. Her graduation yearbook listed her favorite actress asIngrid Bergman and her favorite actor asJoseph Cotten.[21] Written in the "Stevens' Prophecy" section was "Miss Grace P. Kelly – a famous star of stage and screen". Owing to her low mathematics scores, Kelly was rejected byBennington College in July 1947.[22] Despite her parents' initial disapproval, Kelly decided to pursue her dreams of becoming an actress. Her father was particularly displeased with her decision, as he viewed acting as "a slim cut above streetwalker" at the time.[20] In 1947, Kelly signed with the Walter Thornton Model Agency gracing the covers of magazines.[23]
To start her career, she auditioned for theAmerican Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York, using a scene from her uncle George Kelly'sThe Torch-Bearers (1923). Although the school had already met its semester quota, she obtained an interview with the admissions department, and was admitted through George's influence.[20] Kelly worked diligently, and practiced her speech by using a tape recorder.[25] Her early acting pursuits led her to the stage, and she made her Broadway debut inStrindberg'sThe Father, alongsideRaymond Massey. At 19, her graduation performance was as Tracy Lord inThe Philadelphia Story. Her uncle continued to advise and mentor Kelly throughout her acting career.[26]
At her father's insistence, she lived at theBarbizon Hotel for Women inManhattan.[27] She was hired as a model by theJohn Robert Powers agency, where some of her first modeling jobs were doing commercials for bug spray and cigarettes.[28] Kelly was reportedly "fond of dancing to Hawaiian music down the hallways of the Barbizon, and given to shocking her fellow residents by performing topless".[29] She later wrote that she had "wonderful memories of the three years I spent at the Barbizon".[30]
Television producerDelbert Mann cast Kelly as the lead in an adaptation of theSinclair Lewis novelBethel Merriday; this was her first of nearly sixty live television programs.[20] She was mentioned inTheatre World magazine as "[a] most promising personality of the Broadway stage of 1950". Some of her well-known works as a theater actress were:The Father,The Rockingham Tea Set,The Apple Tree,The Mirror of Delusion,Episode (forSomerset Maugham's tele-serial), among others.[31]
Impressed by her work inThe Father,Henry Hathaway, director of theTwentieth Century-Fox filmFourteen Hours (1951), offered her a small role in the film. Kelly had a minor role oppositePaul Douglas,Richard Basehart, andBarbara Bel Geddes, as a young woman contemplating divorce.[32] Douglas commented: "In two senses, she did not have a bad side – you could film her from any angle, and she was one of the most un-temperamental, cooperative people in the business."[33] Following the release of the film, the "Grace Kelly Fan Club" was established, gaining popularity across the country with local chapters springing up and attracting many members. Kelly referred to her fan club as "terrifically amusing".[33]
Kelly was noticed during a visit to the set ofFourteen Hours byGary Cooper. However, Kelly's performance inFourteen Hours went largely unnoticed by critics and did not contribute to her film career's momentum. She continued her work in the theater and on television,[9] although she lacked "vocal horsepower", and it was thought she would likely not have had a lengthy stage career.[20]
Kelly inHigh Noon (1952), her first major film role
Kelly was performing at Colorado'sElitch Theatre when producerStanley Kramer offered her a role co-starring opposite Cooper inFred Zinnemann'sHigh Noon (1952), a Western filmed inColumbia, California. She accepted the role, and the film was shot in the late summer and early fall of 1951 over a 28-day shooting schedule in hot weather conditions. She was cast as a "young Quaker bride to Gary Cooper's stoic marshal", and wore a "suitably demure vaguely Victorian dress".[32]High Noon garnered fourAcademy Awards, and has since been ranked by some reviewers among the best films of all time.[34]
Biographer H. Haughland stated: "Miss Kelly's acting did not excite the critics, or live up to her own expectations."[32] Some critics scoffed at the conclusion of the film in which Cooper's character has to be saved by Kelly's.[35] One critic argued that her pacifist character, killing a man who is about to shoot her husband, was cold and abstract.Alfred Hitchcock described her performance as "rather mousey", and stated that it lacked animation. He said that it was only in her later films that she "really blossomed" and showed her quality.[34][36]
Studio portrait (1953)
After filmingHigh Noon, Kelly returned to New York City and took private acting lessons, wanting to be taken seriously as an actress.[32] She performed in a few dramas in the theater, and in TV serials.[37] She appeared in several television plays,[26] and screen-tested for the filmTaxi in the spring of 1952. DirectorJohn Ford noticed Kelly in the screen test, and his studio (MGM) flew her out to Los Angeles to audition in September 1952. Ford said that Kelly showed "breeding, quality, and class". She was given the role, along with a seven-year contract with MGM at the relatively low salary of $850 a week (equivalent to $10,065 in 2024).[38] Kelly signed the deal under two conditions: first, that one out of every two years, she had time off to work in the theatre; and second, that she be able to live in New York City at her residence inManhattan House, at 200 E. 66th Street, now a landmark.[20][39]
In November 1952, Kelly and the cast arrived inNairobi to begin the production of the filmMogambo, replacingGene Tierney, who dropped out at the last minute due to personal issues.[40][41] Kelly later told Hollywood columnistHedda Hopper, "Mogambo had three things that interested me: John Ford,Clark Gable, and a trip toAfrica, with expenses paid. IfMogambo had been made in Arizona, I wouldn't have done it."[42] Kelly played Linda Nordley, a contemplative English wife with a romantic interest in Clark Gable's character. Filming took place over the course of three months. The costumes were designed byHelen Rose. A break in the filming schedule afforded her andMogambo co-starAva Gardner a visit to Rome.[43] The film was released in 1953, and had a successful run at the box office.[38] Kelly won aGolden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress, and received her first Academy Award nomination forBest Supporting Actress for her performance.[44]
Kelly in a promotional photograph forRear Window (1954)
After the success ofMogambo, Kelly starred in the television playThe Way of an Eagle withJean-Pierre Aumont, before being cast in the film adaptation ofFrederick Knott's Broadway playDial M for Murder, oppositeRay Milland andRobert Cummings. Kelly played the role of the wealthy wife of a retired professional tennis player.[38][45] Alfred Hitchcock became one of Kelly's mentors during the last years of her career.[46][47] She was subsequently lent by MGM to work in several Hitchcock films, which would become some of her most critically acclaimed and recognized work.[38][48] Kelly began filming scenes for her next film,The Bridges at Toko-Ri, in early 1954, withWilliam Holden, forParamount Pictures. The story, based on the novel byJames Michener, is about American Navy jet fighters stationed to fight in Asia. Kelly played the role of Holden's wife.Edith Head, with whom she had established a friendly relationship, did her costumes.[38]
Kelly unhesitatingly turned down the opportunity to star alongsideMarlon Brando inOn the Waterfront (1954).[49]Eva Marie Saint, who replaced her, went on to win an Academy Award for the role. Instead, Kelly played the role of Lisa Fremont inRear Window. Kelly stated, "All through the making ofDial M for Murder, he (Hitchcock) sat and talked to me aboutRear Window all the time, even before we had discussed my being in it."[50][51] Kelly's co-star,James Stewart, was highly enthusiastic about working with her.[52][page needed] The role of Lisa Fremont, a wealthy Manhattan socialite and fashion model who "never wore the same dress twice,"[38] was unlike any of the previous women she had played. This marked her first performance as an independentcareer woman. In line with their previous collaborations, Hitchcock provided the camera with a slow-sequenced silhouette of Kelly, along with close-ups of the two stars kissing, finally lingering closely on her profile. Hitchcock brought her elegance to the foreground by changing her dresses many times, including: "glamorous evening short dresses, a sheer negligee over a sleek nightgown, a full-skirted floral dress, and a casual pair of jeans".[38] Upon the film's opening in October 1954, Kelly was again praised.Variety's film critic remarked on the casting, commenting on the "earthy quality to the relationship between Stewart and Miss Kelly", as "both do a fine job of the picture's acting demands".[53]
Kelly played the role ofBing Crosby's long-suffering wife, Georgie Elgin, inThe Country Girl (1954), after a pregnantJennifer Jones bowed out. Already familiar with the play, Kelly was highly interested in the part. To do it, MGM once again would have to lend Kelly to Paramount Pictures. Kelly was adamant, and threatened the studio, saying that if they did not allow her to do the film she would pack her bags and leave for New York for good. MGM eventually relented. Kelly also negotiated a more lucrative contract in light of her recent success.[54] In the film, Kelly played the wife of a washed-up, alcoholic singer, played by Crosby. Her character becomes torn emotionally between her two lovers, played by Crosby andWilliam Holden. She was again dressed by Edith Head to suit her role in the film, initially appearing in fashionable dresses, shifting to ordinary-looking cardigans toward the end of the film.[54]
As a result of her performance inThe Country Girl, Kelly won theAcademy Award for Best Actress. Her acceptance speech was brief: "The thrill of this moment keeps me from saying what I really feel. I can only say thank you with all my heart to all who made this possible for me. Thank you."[55] Her main competitor wasJudy Garland for her performance inA Star Is Born. After receiving the Oscar nomination, Kelly won theNew York Film Critics Circle Award for best actress for her performances in her three big movie roles of 1954:Rear Window,Dial M For Murder, andThe Country Girl. At theGolden Globe Awards in 1955, Kelly won theAward for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama.The New York Times praised her performance inThe Country Girl as "excellent", andRear Window got hermarquee credits on par with, and beyond, those of Stewart and Hitchcock.[56]
In April 1954, Kelly flew toColombia for a 10-day shoot on her next project,Green Fire, withStewart Granger. She played Catherine Knowland, a coffee plantation owner. Kelly told Hedda Hopper, "It wasn't pleasant. We worked at a pathetic village – miserable huts and dirty. Part of the crew got shipwrecked ... It was awful."[42] After the consecutive filming ofRear Window,Toko-Ri,Country Girl, andGreen Fire, Kelly flew to theFrench Riviera to work on her third, and last, film for Hitchcock,To Catch a Thief. Loaned to Paramount for the fifth time, Kelly played the role of a temptress who wears "luxurious and alluring clothes", whileCary Grant played the role of a former cat burglar, then looking to catch a thief who is imitating him.[57] Kelly and Grant developed a mutual bond and admiration for each other. Years later, when asked to name his all-time favorite actress, Grant replied: "Well, with all due respect to dearIngrid Bergman, I much preferred Grace. She had serenity."[58]
Kelly headed the U.S. delegation at theCannes Film Festival in April 1955. While there, she was invited to participate in a photo session withPrince Rainier III, the sovereign of the Principality ofMonaco, at thePrince's Palace of Monaco. After a series of delays and complications, she met him at the palace on May 6, 1955.[63] After a year-long courtship described as containing "a good deal of rational appraisal on both sides,"[64] they married on April 19, 1956.[65]
TheNapoleonic Code of Monaco and the laws of the Catholic Church necessitated two ceremonies, civil and religious.[66] The 16-minute civil ceremony took place in the Palace Throne Room of Monaco on April 18, 1956,[66] and a reception later in the day was attended by 3,000 Monégasque citizens.[67][68] The 142 official titles that she acquired in the union (counterparts of her husband's) were formally recited. The church ceremony took place the following day at Monaco'sSaint Nicholas Cathedral, presided over by Bishop Gilles Barthe.[66] The wedding was estimated to have been watched by over 30 million viewers on television, and was described by biographerRobert Lacey in 2010 as "the first modern event to generate media overkill".[68]Her wedding dress, designed by MGM'sHelen Rose,[68] was worked on for 6 weeks by three dozen dress makers.[69] The couple left that night for their seven-weekMediterranean honeymoon cruise on the prince's yacht.[68][70]
The Prince and Princess of Monaco arrive at theWhite House for a luncheon, 1961
Princess Grace gave birth to the couple's first child,Princess Caroline, on January 23, 1957. Their next child and the heir to the throne,Prince Albert, was born on March 14, 1958. Their youngest,Princess Stéphanie, was born on February 1, 1965.
During her marriage, Grace discontinued her acting career. Instead, she performed her daily duties as princess and became involved in philanthropic work.[71] As princess consort, she became the President of theRed Cross of Monaco (with her sister Peggy Davis and sister-in-law Princess Antoinette as the Vice-Presidents) and the Patron of Rainbow Coalition Children, an orphanage that was run by former dancer, singer and actressJosephine Baker. She hosted an annual Christmas celebration with presents for orphaned children in Monaco.[72] The Princess also served as president of theGarden Club of Monaco, and president of the organizing committee of the International Arts Foundation.[73] Grace retained her link to America by her dual U.S. and Monégasque citizenship.[74]
Grace foundedAMADE Mondiale, a Monaco-based, non-profit organization which is recognized by the UN, after she witnessed the plight of Vietnamese children in 1963.[76] According toUNESCO's website, AMADE promotes and protects the "moral and physical integrity" and the "spiritual well-being of children throughout the world, without distinction of race, nationality or religion, and in a spirit of complete political independence."[77] The organization currently has cooperative branches across Europe, Asia, South America, and Africa. They retain consultive status withUNICEF, UNESCO, andU.N. Economic & Social Council, alongside participative status withThe Council of Europe.[78]
Princess Grace with her son, Prince Albert, at theFloriade garden exhibit, 1972
Princess Grace was active in improving the arts institutions of Monaco, forming thePrincess Grace Foundation in 1964 to support local artisans.[79] In 1965, she accepted the invitation to be an honorary member ofLa Leche League, a worldwide mother-to-mother support group which focuses on mothering through breastfeeding. She was a speaker at their 1971 conference in Chicago, addressing 1,400 mothers, 1,600 fathers and babies. Grace was a known advocate of breastfeeding, and successfully fed her three children.[80] In 1975, Grace helped found the Princess Grace Academy, the resident school of theMonte Carlo Ballet.[81] She later advocated to preserve theBelle Époque-era architecture of the principality. Grace hosted a yearly American Week in Monaco, where guests would play baseball and eat ice cream. The palace also celebrated AmericanThanksgiving annually.[82]
Alfred Hitchcock offered Princess Grace the lead in his filmMarnie in 1962. She was eager, but public outcry in Monaco against her involvement in a film where she would play akleptomaniac made her reconsider and ultimately reject the project. DirectorHerbert Ross tried to interest her in a part in his filmThe Turning Point (1977), but Rainier dismissed the idea.[83] Later that year, she returned to the arts in a series of poetry readings on stage and narration of the documentaryThe Children of Theatre Street. She also narratedABC's made-for-television filmThe Poppy Is Also a Flower (1966).
Grace joined the board of the20th Century-Fox Film Corporation in 1976, becoming one of its first female members.[84] In 1980, she publishedMy Book of Flowers with Gwen Robyns, detailing her sense of floral aesthetics, symbolism, and flower pressing. Grace and Rainier worked together on a 33-minute independent film titledRearranged in 1979, which received interest from ABC TV executives in 1982 after its premiere in Monaco, on the condition that it be extended to an hour. Before more scenes could be shot, Grace died and the film was never released, nor was it publicly shown again.[85][86]
In the early 1980s, Grace collaborated with Springmaid Company, the now-defunct bed linen brand.[87] The collaboration was titledGPK after the initials of her maiden name[87] and features bed linens, tablecloths, napkins, placemats, and others.[87] Both collaborated after Neil Mandell, a newly hired Springmaid stylist, found the designs Grace made in aPeople magazine article on the exhibition in a Paris Gallery.[87] Princess Grace received more than $1 million in royalties, which she donated to her favorite charities.[87]
On September 13, 1982, Grace suffered a mildcerebral hemorrhage while driving back to Monaco from her country home inRoc Agel.[88][89] As a result, she lost control of her 1972Rover P6 3500[90] and drove off the steep, winding road and the car tumbled 30.5 metres (100 ft) down the mountainside. Her daughterStéphanie, who was in the passenger seat, unsuccessfully tried to regain control of the car.[91]
The Princess was taken to the Monaco Hospital (later named thePrincess Grace Hospital Centre) with injuries to the brain andthorax and a fracturedfemur. Initially that afternoon, she was officially diagnosed with a cerebral hemorrhage and was said to be able to make a full recovery before a second, more severe, hemorrhage struck while at the hospital.[92] She was subsequently declaredbrain dead.[93] With no reasonable chance of recovery, she died the following night at 10:55 p.m. after Rainier decided to turn off her life support.[94] She was survived by her husband and her three children. As of 2025, she is the grandmother of eleven grandchildren.
In the immediate aftermath of the crash, the palace press office issued a statement claiming that it had been caused by brake failure. However, police investigators found no evidence to suggest this, and whenRover sent engineers from Britain to inspect the car they reached the same conclusion, prompting the company to demand that the palace retract its claim, which it did on September 20.[95] The motor engineers did find, however, that the Princess had kept the car in 'Standard' drive mode while descending, rather than setting it to the 'Mountain' position; this was a special safety gear installed by Rover to allow the driver to navigate twisting turns and sharp gradients, which, as Robert Lacey argues, would have "slowed her descent significantly" had it been used.[96]
"I would like to be remembered as someone who accomplished useful deeds, and who was a kind and loving person. I would like to leave the memory of a human being with a correct attitude and who did her best to help others."
Kelly left a lasting legacy as a theater artist, television actress, and iconic Hollywood film star.[103] Kelly has been cited as one of the "classic Hitchcock blondes", and as one of the most elegant women in cinematic and world history.[104][105] One author describes her as the "elegant glamour girl of the screen".[106] In 1999, Kelly was listed by Joan McIver as one of "30 Irish-American Women Who Changed Our World."[107] In a 2019 edition of theAmerican Journal of Irish Studies, she was described as "Irish America's poster girl" and "an understated Irish-American icon."[108][109]Katherine Boyle ofThe Washington Post claimed that Kelly "had dramatic effects on views of Irish Catholic immigrants in the 1950s. Indeed, America seemed to pardon her tainted blood, tuning into her televised nuptial Mass in droves despite aversion to the religious spectacle."[110]
Kelly appeared on the cover of the January 31, 1955, issue of the weekly magazineTime. The magazine hailed her as the top movie star who brought about "a startling change from the run of smoky film sirens and bumptious cuties". She was described as the "Girl in White Gloves" because she wore "prim and noticeable white gloves", and journalists often called her the "lady" or "Miss Kelly" for this reason. In appreciation of her work with Hitchcock in three of his films, Kelly later wrote a foreword to the bookThe Art of Alfred Hitchcock byDonald Spoto. Spoto also has writtenHigh Society: The Life of Grace Kelly, a biography published 25 years after her death.[111]
In 1982, thePrincess Grace Foundation-USA was established by her husband to continue the work she had done anonymously during her lifetime, assisting emerging theater, dance and film artists in America. Incorporated in 1982, PGF-USA is headquartered in New York City and is a tax-exempt, non-profit, publicly supported organization. The Princess Grace Awards, a program of the Princess Grace Foundation-USA, has awarded nearly 800 artists at more than 100 institutions in the U.S. with more than $15 million to date. The foundation also says it "holds the exclusive rights and facilitates the licensing of her name and likeness throughout the world."[112] Her daughter Princess Caroline took over as president for both the Foundation andAMADE Mondiale after her death, with Prince Albert as vice president. The original Monaco branch of her foundation, named Fondation Princesse Grace, remains active and continues to provide direct aid to students and children within the Monaco and France regions.[113]
In 1955, Kelly was photographed byHowell Conant in Jamaica. He photographed her without makeup in a naturalistic setting, a departure from the traditional portrayal of actresses.[114] The resulting photographs were published inCollier's, with a celebrated photo of her rising from the water with wet hair making the cover.[114][115] Following Grace's marriage, Conant was the unofficial photographer to theHouse of Grimaldi and extensively photographed her, Rainier, and their three children.[116] In 1992, Conant publishedGrace, a book of photographs that he took during her 26-year tenure as Princess of Monaco.[117] Princess Grace has been depicted by manypop artists, includingAndy Warhol andJames Gill. Warhol made a portrait of her for theInstitute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia as a limited edition silkscreen in 1984.[118]
In 2012, Grace's childhood home was made a Pennsylvania historic landmark, and ahistorical marker was placed on the site. The house, located at 3901 Henry Avenue in theEast Falls section of Philadelphia, was built by her fatherJohn B. Kelly Sr. in 1929. Grace lived in the house until 1950, and Prince Rainier III proposed to her there in 1955. The Kelly family sold the property in 1974.[119][120]Prince Albert of Monaco purchased the property, speculating that the home would be used either as museum space or as offices for thePrincess Grace Foundation.[121][122]
Kelly featured in a spread forModern Screen magazine in 1954
While pregnant with her daughter Caroline in 1956, Princess Grace was frequently photographed clutching a distinctive leather handbag manufactured byHermès. The purse, orSac à dépêches, was likely a shield to prevent her pregnant abdomen from being exposed to the prying eyes of the paparazzi. The photographs, however, popularized the purse and became so closely associated with the fashion icon that it would thereafter be known as theKelly bag.[123]
Grace was inaugurated into theInternational Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1960 and in 1955, the Custom Tailored Guild of America listed her as the "Best-Tailored Woman".[124][125] Numerous exhibitions have been held of Kelly's life and clothing. ThePhiladelphia Museum of Art presented her wedding dress in a 2006 exhibition to mark the 50th anniversary of her marriage,[126] and a retrospective of her wardrobe was held at London'sVictoria and Albert Museum in 2010.[127] The V&A exhibition continued in Australia at theBendigo Art Gallery in 2012.[128] This famous dress, seen around the world, took thirty five tailors six weeks to complete.[129] An exhibition of her life as Princess of Monaco was held at the Ekaterina Cultural Foundation in Moscow in 2008 in conjunction with Monaco's Grimaldi Forum.[130] In 2009, a plaque was placed on the "Rodeo Drive Walk of Style" in recognition of her contributions to style and fashion.[131]
After her death, Grace's legacy as a fashion icon lived on. Modern designers, such asTommy Hilfiger andZac Posen, have cited her as a fashion inspiration.[20] During her lifetime, she was known for introducing the "fresh faced" look, one that involved bright skin and natural beauty with little makeup.[132] Her fashion legacy was even commemorated at the Victoria and Albert Museum of London, where an exhibit titled, "Grace Kelly: Style Icon" paid tribute to her impact on the world of fashion.[20] The exhibit included 50 of her legendary ensembles.[129] She is remembered for her "college-girl" everyday fashion, defined by her pulled-together yet simple look.[129] In 2016,Forbes included her on the list10 Fashion Icons and the Trends They Made Famous.[133]
On July 15, 2021, the Princess Grace Foundation-USA launchedGrace de Monaco, a luxury brand.[138] The brand had been planned since 2019.[138] On the same day,Grace de Monaco launched their first fragrance namedPromenade sur le Rocher.[138] The product was named after the official residence of the princely family for over seven centuries.[138]
In 2007, Monaco hosted an international-scale exhibition in honor of Princess Grace, named "The Grace Kelly Years, Princess of Monaco", containing letters, personal belongings, fashion accessories, and sound recordings on display.[144]Les Ballets de Monte-Carlo was established in 1985, in accordance to the wishes of Princess Grace, with its first performance taking place on December 21. In 1993, Kelly appeared on a U.S. postage stamp, released in conjunction with a Monaco postage stamp featuring her image on the same day.[145] To commemorate the 25th anniversary of Kelly's death,€2 commemorative coins were issued on July 1, 2007, with the "national" side bearing the image of her. In 2019, the government of Monaco released three designs of commemorative postage stamps, each depicting a different phase of her life, to mark the 90th anniversary of her birth.[146]
In November 2022, the Monnaie de Paris (Paris Mint) issued silver and gold coins to commemorate the 40th anniversary of Grace Kelly's death, with the consent of Prince Albert II.[153]
Upon her marriage toPrince Rainier III in 1956, as the consort of the reigning sovereign prince of Monaco, she was styled "Her Serene Highness Princess Grace of Monaco". She also bore all historical titles of her husband, in the feminine.[156][157]
^Kearns, Kevin C. (September 21, 2018).Ireland 1963: A Year of Marvels, Mysteries, Merriment and Misfortune. Gill & Macmillan Ltd.ISBN978-0-7171-8076-9.
^Watson, William E.; Halus, Eugene J. Jr. (November 25, 2014).Irish Americans: The History and Culture of a People: The History and Culture of a People. ABC-CLIO.ISBN978-1-61069-467-4.
^Jacobs, Laura (March 30, 2010)."Grace Kelly's Forever Look".Vanity Fair.Archived from the original on January 21, 2015. RetrievedSeptember 7, 2020.
^Spoto, Donald; Forshaw, Barry (May 28, 2009)."Grace Kelly and Hollywood by Donald Spoto".The Times. UK.Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. RetrievedMay 20, 2010.Born in 1929 and raised by stiff-necked Catholic parents in Philadelphia ... Philadelphia convent girl (always remaining Roman Catholic) ...
^McKinnon, Gina (2012).What would Grace do? : how to live life in style like the princess of Hollywood. New York : Gotham Books. p. 24.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
^Buchwald, Art (April 17, 1956). "Grace Kelly Can Retain American Citizenship: Status of Pat Poodle Oliver Not So Clear; His Marriage Could Start Monaco Squabble".Los Angeles Times.ProQuest166920188.
^abcdeAnderson, Annette (September 1, 2021)."Queen-Sized for a Princess".Grace Influential.Archived from the original on January 24, 2022. RetrievedOctober 31, 2021.
Establishing the age and marque of the car:"1982: Hollywood princess dead".BBC News. September 14, 1982.Archived from the original on February 19, 2012. RetrievedSeptember 14, 2007.After leaving the road her 10-year-old Rover tumbled 100 ft (30.5 m) down a ravine...
Establishing the platform:Gerard, Jasper (January 24, 2011)."Classic Rover P6 review".The Telegraph. London, UK.Archived from the original on December 26, 2012. RetrievedOctober 18, 2014.It's always a little ominous when a car is best remembered for a tragic mishap, but such, alas, is the fate of the P6; this is what Grace Kelly was driving when she careered off the Corniche in Monaco.
^Werner, Jennifer (2014).Grace Kelly of Monaco: The Inspiring Story of How An American Film Star Became a Princess. BookCaps Study Guides. pp. 40–44.ISBN978-1-62917-248-4.
^"Monaco Cathedral". Service Informatique du Ministère d'Etat (Monaco Minister of State Information Service). July 28, 2008. Archived fromthe original on June 23, 2008. RetrievedOctober 16, 2010.
^"Legacy". graceinfluential.com.Archived from the original on February 2, 2022. RetrievedNovember 27, 2020.
^"Licensing". Princess Grace Foundation-USA.Archived from the original on February 2, 2022. RetrievedMay 14, 2014.
^"Humanitarian work".La Fondation Princesse Grace. Archived from the original on September 19, 2020. RetrievedNovember 26, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
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