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| Founding document | Interim Constitution |
|---|---|
| Jurisdiction | Syria |
| Legislative branch | |
| Legislature | People's Assembly |
| Meeting place | Parliament Building,Damascus, Syria |
| Executive branch | |
| Leader | President |
| Headquarters | Presidential Palace |
| Main organ | Council of Ministers |
| Judicial branch | |
| Court | Supreme Judicial Council |
| Seat | Supreme Court Building |
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Thegovernment of Syria takes place in apresidential system and is, as of 2025[update], in a provisional period led by a transitional government in most of the country. The seat of the central government is located inDamascus, while theDemocratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria governs the north and east region.[1][2][3]
On 7 December 2024, after the successfulSyrian rebel offensives resulted in thefall of Damascus and theouster of former presidentBashar al-Assad, many former government officials under Assad's government fled to neighboring countries for sanctuary.Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham, the dominant opposition faction, requested Prime MinisterMohammed al-Bashir of theSyrian Salvation Government to head theSyrian caretaker government.[4] On 29 January 2025,Ahmed al-Sharaa was appointedPresident of Syria by the Syrian General Command for the transitional period during theSyrian Revolution Victory Conference inDamascus, after serving as thede facto leader following the fall of the Assad regime.[5]
On 10 March, the Damascus-based government signed aneight-point agreement with theDemocratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria on processes for integrating the two governmental systems.[1] As of August 2025, negotiations on integration remained inconclusive.[2][3]
On 13 March, al-Sharaa signed aninterim constitution for a five-year transitional period, establishing Islamic law as a primary source of jurisprudence while declaring the protection of the rights of all ethnic and religious groups in Syria.[6] Later, on 29 March, theSyrian transitional government was announced by al-Sharaa during a ceremony at thePresidential Palace in Damascus, replacing the previous Syrian caretaker government established after the fall of the Assad government.
The2025 Interim Constitution establishes apresidential system where thepresident holds executive power and appoints ministers, without a prime minister.[7][8] Under the Interim Constitution, thevice president is a political position in Syria, appointed by the President, who also determines their powers, dismisses them, and accepts their resignations. If the presidency becomes vacant, a vice president assumes the President’s responsibilities.[9]
On 29 March 2025, theSyrian transitional government was announced by Syrian PresidentAhmed al-Sharaa at a ceremony at thePresidential Palace inDamascus,[10] in which the new ministers were sworn in and delivered speeches outlining their agendas.[11] The government replaced theSyrian caretaker government, which was formed following the fall of the Assad regime.[12]
During much of 2025, theDemocratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria that governs the north and east of Syria carried out negotiations with the central government on proposals for integrating the two governmental systems. Aneight-point agreement was signed on 10 March 2025.[1] As of August 2025, negotiations remained inconclusive.[2][3]
An Interim Legislative Council was expected to be formed to act as Syria'slegislature until a new constitution has been adopted.[13] Previously, the People's Assembly was Syria's legislature during theBa'athist period. It has 250 members elected for a four-year term in 15 multi-seatconstituencies. TheSyrian constitution of 2012 introduced a multi-party system without guaranteed leadership of any political party.[14] After the collapse of the Assad government following successful rebel offensives in late 2024, the People's Assembly was suspended on 13 December 2024 by the caretaker authorities and abolished on 29 January 2025.[15]
Following the adoption of the2025 Interim Constitution of Syria a provisional parliament called the People's Assembly was established with the president appointing one third of its members.[16] Elections were later held on5 October 2025, with an exception in some governorates (e.g.Al-Hasakah Governorate,Suwayda Governorate).
During 2018–2019, coordination and unification of legislation in theregions of North and East Syria was the responsibility of the General Council.[17]: 20, 30
In the 2023constitution, legislative power was held by thePeople's Democratic Council under Article 92, and by the Law Council, which "develops laws and regulations based on ethics and democratic principles of rights" under Article 103.[18]
Syria'sjudicial branches includes theSupreme Constitutional Court, theSupreme Judicial Council, the Court of Cassation, and theState Security Courts.Islamic jurisprudence is a main source of legislation and Syria's judicial system had elements ofOttoman,French, andIslamic laws. Syria had three levels of courts: courts of first instance, courts of appeals, and the constitutional court, the highesttribunal. Religious courts handle questions of personal and family law.[19]
Syria is a member of the
Syria's diplomats last sat on theUN Security Council (as a non-permanent member) in December 2003.
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