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Gothic name

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

TheOnomastics of theGothic language (Gothic personal names) are an important source not only for the history of theGoths themselves, but forGermanic onomastics in general and the linguistic and cultural history of theGermanic Heroic Age of c. the 3rd to 6th centuries.Gothic names can be found in Roman records as far back as the 4th century AD. After theMuslim invasion of Hispania and the fall of theVisigothic kingdom in the early 8th century, the Gothic tradition was largely interrupted, although Gothic or pseudo-Gothic names continued to be given in theKingdom of Asturias in the 9th and 10th centuries.

(Not to be confused with names inspired by themodern-day Goth subculture.)

History

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Thenames of the Goths themselves have been traced to their 3rd centurysettlement inScythia. The namesTervingi andGreuthungi have been interpreted as meaning "forest-dwellers" and "steppe-dwellers", respectively. Later on, the termsOstrogothi andVisigothi have also been understood to mean "Eastern Goths" and "Western Goths", although all four etymologies are not without detractors.[1]

Jordanes gives partly mythological genealogies leading up to historical 4th to 5th century rulers:

Another important source of early Gothic names are the accounts (hagiography) surrounding thepersecution of Gothic Christians in the second half of the 4th century. Many of the Gothic saints mentioned in these sources bear resemblance to Syrian, Cappadocian and Phrygian names, following in the baptismal tradition of that time.

Even though theMuslim invasion of Hispania (715 AD) and subsequent fall of theVisigothic kingdom in the early 8th century caused most Gothic naming traditions to be lost, a type of Gothic or pseudo-Gothic[2] naming tradition continued in theKingdom of Asturias, which by that time had become the central driving force behind theChristian reconquest of Andalusia.Thus,Alfonso I of Asturias was originally given the Gothic name*Adafuns orAdalfuns, becoming one of the most popular names in the medieval Iberian kingdoms.

In France, where remnants of the old Visigothic Kingdom still remained (Gothic March),Gothic names continued to be common up until the 12th century.[3]

List of names

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Gothic names of the 4th to 6th centuries include:

recorded nameGothic form
(reconstructed)
etymologylifetimeidentity/source
Ariaricusfl. 330sBalthi Therving king
Aoricusfl. 340sTherving king
At(h)alaricusAþalareiksaþal(a) "noble" +reiks "ruler"d. 534king of theOstrogoths
AthanaricusAþanareiksaþni "year" +reiks "ruler"fl. 369, d. 381Therving king
ErmanaricusAirmanareiksErmana "all men" +reiks "kingdom"cf.Arminius,Herman,ManriqueAmali king of the Greuthungi
Odotheus/AlatheusAudaþius orAlaþiusauda- "wealth", orala- "all"(?)[4] plusþius "servant"fl. 380sking of the Greuthungi
AlaricusAlareiksala "all"(?)[4] +reiksfl. 395–410Visigothic king
FritigernusFriþugairnsfriþus "peace" +gairns "desiring"fl. 370sTherving leader
FriþareikeisFriþareiksfriþa "peace" +reiks "ruler" (i.e.Frederick)d. 370smartyr[5]
Wingourichos, JungericusWingureiksfl. 370sTherving official
Gainasfl. 390sGothicMagister militum
Gebericfl. 4th centuryGothic king
Sigericussigu "victory" +reiks "ruler"d. 415Amali king of the Visigoths
Nanduinfl. 500sGothicsaio[6]
Nidadafl. 3rd or 4th centuryGothic leader, ancestor ofGeberic[7]
At(h)aulphusAþaulf orAtaulfaþa(l) "noble" orata "father" +ulf "wolf"r. 410–415Balthi king of the Visigoths
TheodericusÞiudareiksþiuda "people" +reiks "ruler" (seeTheodoric)r. 418–451Balthi king of the Visigoths
Triwilafl. 520sSaio of Theodoric andpraepositus cubiculi[8]
RagnarisRaginariþ[9]ragina (cf. VandalicRaginari ) andriþ, both meaning "counsel"d. 555A Hunnic leader allied with the Ostrogoths

See also

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References

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  1. ^Arne Søby Christensen, Heidi Flegal (trans.),Cassiodorus, Jordanes and the History of the Goths: Studies in a Migration Myth205f.
  2. ^H Reichert, "Sprache und Namen der Wandalen in Afrika" in: Albrecht Greule, Matthias Springer (eds.),Namen des Frühmittelalters als sprachliche Zeugnisse und als Geschichtsquellen,50f.
  3. ^Wolfram (1990:p. 233)
  4. ^abthe elementala- may be polygenetic
  5. ^recorded in theGothic calendar fragment
  6. ^Bjornlie, Shane.The Selected Letters of Cassiodorus: A Sixth-Century Sourcebook. University of California Press. p. 305.ISBN 0520297350.
  7. ^Christensen, Arne (2002).Cassiodorus, Jordanes and the History of the Goths: Studies in a Migration Myth. Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 131.ISBN 8772897104.
  8. ^Amory, Patrick (2003).People and Identity in Ostrogothic Italy, 489-554. Cambridge University Press. p. 163.ISBN 0521526353.
  9. ^Schönfeld (1911),p. 184.
  • Herwig Wolfram,Die Goten: von den Anfängen bis zur Mitte des sechsten Jahrhunderts : Entwurf einer historischen Ethnographie, part I. "Die Namen", pp. 30–46.
  • Richard Loewe, "Gotische Namen in hagiographischen Texten",BGDSL 47 (1923), 407–433.
  • Moritz Schönfeld,Wörterbuch der altgermanischen personen- und völkernamen (1911).

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