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Gorgonichthys

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Genus of fishes (fossil)

Gorgonichthys
Temporal range:Late Devonian:Famennian,371.1–359.3 Ma
Reconstruction of Gorgonichthys clarki
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Domain:Eukaryota
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Placodermi
Order:Arthrodira
Suborder:Brachythoraci
Clade:Eubrachythoraci
Clade:Pachyosteomorphi
Clade:Aspinothoracidi
Genus:Gorgonichthys
Claypole, 1892
Species
  • Gorgonichthys clarkiClaypole, 1892 (type)
Gorgonichthys jaws.
The infragnathals (lower jaws) ofGorgonicthys with a 1-liter water bottle for scale (bottle is approximately 23 cm tall). These specimens were collected from theCleveland Shale and are in the collections of theCleveland Museum of Natural History's Department of Vertebrate Paleontology.
Ventral plates ofGorgonichthys clarki

Gorgonichthys isextinctmonospecificgenus of largearthrodireplacoderm. Fossils are found in the UpperFamennianCleveland Shales ofLate Devonian inOhio. Thetype species isGorgonichthys clarki.

Description

[edit]

Gorgonichthys had sharp, pointed edges on the dental plates of the upper and lower jaws.[1] With a headshield length of up to 70 cm (28 in),[2] it is estimated to have been comparable to the size ofDunkleosteus.[3]

Phylogeny

[edit]

Gorgonichthys is a member of thecladeAspinothoracidi, which belongs to the cladePachyosteomorphi, one of the two major clades withinEubrachythoraci. It is closely related to thefamilySelenosteidae, and could possibly be included in that family. Thecladogram below shows thephylogeny ofGorgonichthys:[4]

Eubrachythoraci

According to a 2022 Jobbinset al. study,Gorgonichthys was found to be more related toHeintzichthys thanGymnotrachelus, potentially makingGorgonichthys a member ofSelenosteidae.[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Charlie Underwood, Martha Richter, Zerina Johanson (2019).Evolution and Development of Fishes. Cambridge University Press. p. 13.ISBN 9781107179448. Retrieved1 September 2022.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^John A. Long. "A new dinichthyid fish (Placodermi: Arthrodira) from the Upper Devonian of Western Australia, with a discussion of dinichthyid interrelationships". Rea. West. Aust. Mus. 1987, p. 537.
  3. ^Joseph S. Nelson, Terry C. Grande, Mark V. H. Wilson (2016).Fishes of the World. Wiley. p. 40.ISBN 9781119220817. Retrieved1 September 2022.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^Zhu, You-An; Zhu, Min; Wang, Jun-Qing (1 April 2016)."Redescription of Yinostius major (Arthrodira: Heterostiidae) from the Lower Devonian of China, and the interrelationships of Brachythoraci".Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.176 (4):806–834.doi:10.1111/zoj.12356.ISSN 0024-4082.
  5. ^Jobbins, Melina; Rücklin, Martin; Ferrón, Humberto G.; Klug, Christian (2022)."A new selenosteid placoderm from the Late Devonian of the eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco) with preserved body outline and its ecomorphology".Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.10.doi:10.3389/fevo.2022.969158.hdl:10550/85583.ISSN 2296-701X.
Gnathostomata
Placodermi
Arthrodira
    • see below↓
Wuttagoonaspidae
Phyllolepida
Phyllolepididae
Actinolepidae
Phlyctaeniidae
Arctolepididae
Groenlandaspididae
Williamsaspididae
Holonematidae
Homostiidae
Migmatocephala
Buchanosteidae
Eubrachythoraci
    • see below↓
Kudjanowiaspis

Ailuracantha dorsofelisDicksonosteus arctirusCartieraspis

Groenlandaspis riniensis
Coccosteomorphi
Coccosteoidea
Coccosteidae
Panxiosteidae
Incisoscutoidea
Camuropiscidae
Pachyosteomorphi
Dunkleosteoidea
Heterosteidae
Aspinothoracidi
Brachydeiridae
Selenosteidae
Coccosteus cuspidatusDunkleosteus terrelliTitanichthys termieri
Gorgonichthys
Gorgonichthys clarki


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