Golub-Dobrzyń | |
|---|---|
 Aerial view of Golub (on the left) and Dobrzyń (on the right) with theGolub Castle in the front | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Golub-Dobrzyń | |
| Coordinates:53°6′N19°3′E / 53.100°N 19.050°E /53.100; 19.050 | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship | Kuyavian-Pomeranian |
| County | Golub-Dobrzyń |
| Gmina | Golub-Dobrzyń(urban gmina) |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Mariusz Piątkowski |
| Area | |
• Total | 7.50 km2 (2.90 sq mi) |
| Population (2013) | |
• Total | 13,060 |
| • Density | 1,741/km2 (4,510/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 87-400, 87-401 |
| Car plates | CGD |
| Website | www |
Golub-Dobrzyń (Polish pronunciation:[ˈɡɔlupˈdɔbʐɨɲ]) is atown in north-centralPoland, located on theDrwęca.[1] It is the capital ofGolub-Dobrzyń County in theKuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and has a population of 13,060.
Golub-Dobrzyń was established on May 5, 1951 through merging two neighbouring towns having faced each other across the riverDrwęca for centuries, namely Golub located in theChełmno Land within historicalPomerelia and Dobrzyń located in theDobrzyń Land within historicalKuyavia.
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The village Golub, populated byPoles[citation needed], was first mentioned in a document from 1258; Chełmno Land was granted as afief by the Duke of Mazovia to theTeutonic Knights in 1231 in return for their forthcoming crusade against the heathen Prussians. The Teutonic Knights built acastle (1296–1306) and elevated it totown status. In the 14th century, papal verdicts ordered the restoration of the area to Poland, however, the Teutonic Knights did not comply and continued to occupy the region.[2] In 1421 all privileges of the town were confirmed by Grand MasterMichael Küchmeister von Sternberg. In 1410 and 1422, the castle and town were captured by the Poles,[3] and Golub was severely damaged, with the war of 1422 called theGolub War. In March 1454, KingCasimir IV Jagiellon reincorporated the town into the Kingdom of Poland, and on 28 May 1454 it pledged allegiance to the Polish King inToruń.[4] During the subsequentThirteen Years' War, it was captured by the Teutonic Knights in 1460, and recaptured by the Poles in 1462.[3] Reintegration with Poland was confirmed in theSecond Peace of Toruń (1466).
Golub was aroyal town of Poland, administratively located in the Chełmno County in theChełmno Voivodeship.[5] A degree of prosperity for Golub was reached during the reign of KingSigismund III Vasa 1611-25. In 1605,Anna Vasa, sister of Sigismund III, became thestarost of Golub, and she lived in the Golub Castle.[3] In 1623, she was visited in Golub by Sigismund III.[3] However the town was severely damaged duringPolish-Swedish Wars, especially in1626-29,1655,[3] and 1660, as well as the laterSeven Years' War (1756–63). In theFirst Partition of Poland in 1772, Golub was annexed by theKingdom of Prussia.[3] From 1807-15 it belonged to Napoleon'sDuchy of Warsaw. It was assigned to theDuchy of Poznan in 1815, and in 1817 it was included inWest Prussia which in 1871 became part ofImperial Germany. According to the German census of 1890, Golub had a population of 2,738, of which 1,000 (36.5%) werePoles.[6]
In January 1920 it became again part of Poland under theTreaty of Versailles. In August 1920, theRed Army attacked the town. Following the joint German-Sovietinvasion of Poland, which startedWorld War II in September 1939, the town wasoccupied and unilaterally annexed byNazi Germany and most of dwellers were forced to sign theVolksliste.
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Since the second half of the 17th century, Dobrzyń existed as a settlement on the loft bank of the Drwęca. In 1684 Zygmunt Działyński named the settlementPrzedmieście Golubskie. It was administratively located in the Rypin County in theInowrocław Voivodeship. In 1789 Count Ignacy Działyński founded the town of Dobrzyń. In 1793 after theSecond Partition of Poland, Dobrzyń was annexed by theKingdom of Prussia. From 1807-15 it belonged to theDuchy of Warsaw. In 1815 it was included in theKingdom of Poland in personal union with theRussian Empire. In the second half of the 19th century the Kingdom of Poland wasde facto demoted and renamedVistula Land, while the town developed quickly with a growingJewish population, eventually surpassing Golub.
Dobrzyń became part of theSecond Polish Republic in 1918 followingWorld War I. In August 1920, theSovietRed Army attacked the town. At the start of World War II, in 1939, it was occupied and unilaterally annexed byNazi Germany and most of its dwellers were deported toNazi concentration camps. The localintelligentsia was murdered through executions during theIntelligenzaktion.
Golub-Dobrzyń istwinned with:
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Media related toGolub-Dobrzyń at Wikimedia Commons
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