| Golin | |
|---|---|
| Region | Gumine District,Simbu Province |
Native speakers | (50,000 cited 1981)[1] |
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | gvf |
| Glottolog | goli1247 |
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Golin (alsoGollum,Gumine) is aPapuan language ofPapua New Guinea.
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | ɪɪː | ʊʊː |
| Mid | ɛɛː | ɔɔː |
| Low | ɑɑː |
Diphthongs that occur are/ɑiɑuɔiui/. The consonants/ln/ can also besyllabic.
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | lab. | plain | Late. | plain | lab. | |||
| Nasal | m | n | ||||||
| Stop | voiceless /voiced | p b | (bʷ) | t d | k ɡ | (gʷ) | ||
| Fricative | s~ʃ | ɬ~ l | ||||||
| Approximant | j | w | ||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||
/bʷɡʷ/ are treated as single consonants by Bunn & Bunn (1970),[2] but as combinations of/b/ +/w/,/ɡ/ +/w/ by Evans et al. (2005).[3]
Two consonants appear to allowfree variation in their realisations:[s] varies with[ʃ], and[l] with[ɬ].
/n/assimilates to[ŋ] before/k/ and/ɡ/.
Golin is atonal language, distinguishing high ([˧˥]), mid ([˨˧]), and low ([˨˩]) tone. The high tone is marked by an acute accent and the low tone by a grave accent, while the mid tone is left unmarked. Examples:[3]
Golin is notable for having a small pronominal paradigm. There are two basic pronouns:[4]
There is no number distinction and no true third person pronoun. Third person pronouns in Golin are in fact compounds derived from 'man' plusinín 'self':
