| Gogodala–Suki | |
|---|---|
| Suki – Aramia River | |
| Geographic distribution | Aramia River region,Western Province, Papua New Guinea |
| Linguistic classification | Papuan Gulf ?
|
| Subdivisions | |
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | suki1244 |
 Map: The Gogodala–Suki languages of New Guinea The Gogodala–Suki languages Trans–New Guinea languages Other Papuan languages Austronesian languages Uninhabited | |
TheGogodala–Suki orSuki – Aramia River languages are a smalllanguage family of Papua New Guinea, spoken in the region of the Aramia River.
The languages are:
Gogodala–Suki languages and respective demographic information listed by Evans (2018) are provided below.[1]
| Language | Location | Population |
|---|---|---|
| Suki | north-centralMorehead Rural LLG | 3,500 |
| Gogodala | Gogodala Rural LLG | 26,000 |
| Ari | Gogodala Rural LLG | ? |
| Waruna | Gogodala Rural LLG | ? |
The reconstructed sound system is,[2]
| *m | *n | |
| *p | *t | *k |
| *b | *d | *g |
| *s | ||
| ?*r |
It is unclear if there were phonemes *w or *j distinct from *u and *i.
| *i | *u | |
| *e | *o | |
| *ɛ | ||
| *a |
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | *nɛ | *sɛ |
| 2nd person | *ɛ | *dɛ |
| 3rd person | *o(-b) | ? |
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | *n- | *s- |
| 2nd person | *- | *d- |
| 3rd person | *- | *d- |
Proto-Suki–Aramia (i.e., Proto-Gogodala–Suki) lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are:[2]
| gloss | Proto-Suki-Aramia |
|---|---|
| 1SG | *nɛ |
| 2SG | *ɛ |
| 3SG | *o(-b) |
| 1PL | *sɛ |
| 2PL | *dɛ |
| again | *goarma |
| and/with | *da |
| animate ref. | *-te |
| be/live | *e[r] |
| breast | *bu |
| eat | *na |
| fat/grease | *sap[e/ɛ] |
| fire | *ir[a] |
| garden | *ega[d] |
| girl | *sua |
| give to3SG | *ata |
| heavy | *mene |
| know | *it[a/o]ua |
| language | *gi |
| leaf | *bagu |
| locative | *-m |
| louse | *amu |
| man | *dar[o/a] |
| mouth | *magat |
| night | *is[ɛ/a] |
| nose | *min |
| other | *et[a/o] |
| path | *na... |
| penis | *o |
| see | *ti |
| skin/bark | *kakar |
| stative | *-[V]taka |
| tail | *uani |
| this/here | *mɛ-m |
| tooth | *poso |
| tree | *[e]i |
| wallaby/meat | *[u]kapu |
| what?/who? | *p[a]oa |
| where?/to | *bɛ |
| wing | *it[e/a] |
| woman | *ato |
| yesterday/tomorrow | *[ɛ/a]n[ɛ/a]p |
The following basic vocabulary words are from McElhanon & Voorhoeve (1970),[3] Voorhoeve (1970), and Reesink (1976), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database.[4]
The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g.atogi,ato,atu for “woman”) or not (e.g.mɛnəpila,poso,tamki for “tooth”).
| gloss | Ari | Gogodala | Suki |
|---|---|---|---|
| head | gabi | ganabi | tibodu |
| hair | tiːta | tita | nigbagu |
| ear | etubada; kɛso | igibi | iakadgu |
| eye | tokodaba | tao | itumku |
| nose | ndogu | mina | umuku |
| tooth | mɛnəpila | poso | tamki |
| tongue | mɛlɛpila | ||
| leg | gupi | ||
| louse | ikami | ami | daka |
| dog | sokɛ | soke | ebme |
| pig | uai | kuainu | |
| bird | soma | ||
| egg | momona | ||
| blood | dede | ||
| bone | mboige | gosa | budu |
| skin | kakala; puka | kaka | kaka |
| breast | omo | omo | |
| tree | yei | riku | |
| man | dalagi | dala; dalagi | daru; guargia |
| woman | atogi | ato; susɛgi | atu |
| sun | gadepa | kadɛpa | kamgu |
| moon | tɔkɔ | ||
| water | ogo | wi | |
| fire | awa | ila | araka |
| stone | -nadi | ||
| road, path | nape | nabidi | napru; rapru |
| name | enoma | gagi | yaka |
| eat | na- | na | |
| one | maitaia | ||
| two | saki |
Gogodalic-Suki formed a branch ofTrans–New Guinea languages in the classification ofMalcolm Ross. Possible reflexes ofproto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[5]