Goaltending is a violation of the rules in the sport ofbasketball. It consists of certain forms of player interference with the ball while it is on its way to the basket. It is goaltending if a player touches the ball when it is (a) in downward flight; or (b) above the basket rim and within an imaginary cylinder projecting above the rim; or (c) already touching the rim; or (varying at certain levels of the sport) after it has touched the backboard and has a chance of going in the hoop.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Goaltending in this context defines by exclusion what is considered a legalblock of afield goal. Inhigh school andNCAA basketball, goaltending is also called when a player interferes with afree throw at any time in its flight towards the basket.[1][7]
If goaltending is called for interference with a field goal, the shooting team is awarded the points for the field goal as if it had been made. The team that commits the violation then inbounds the ball at its baseline, the same as if it had conceded a basket. In high school and NCAA basketball, if goaltending is called on a free throw, the shooting team is awarded one point, and atechnical foul is called against the offending player.[8][9]
Goaltending is commonly confused with the related violation ofbasket interference (also called offensive goaltending) which occurs during an attempted field goal when a player touches the basket, the rim, or the ball when it is on the rimor directly above it[clarification needed]. Like goaltending, basket interference when committed by the defending team results in an award of points to the shooting team as if the attempted field goal had been made.
FIBA rules allow a defender to block any shot that is over the rim and the ball is on its upward flight.
The prohibition against goaltending was adopted by the NCAA in 1944 (and later by theNBL) specifically because ofGeorge Mikan. Prior to the arrival of the high-jumping 6 ft 10 in (208 cm) Mikan, goaltending was not addressed because it was thought physically impossible.[10]
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