| Gnus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Developer | Gnus team |
| Initial release | 1987; 39 years ago (1987)[1] |
| Written in | Emacs Lisp |
| Operating system | Cross-platform |
| Type | E-mail client andnews client |
| License | GPL-3.0-or-later |
| Website | www |
| Repository | |
Gnus (/ɡəˈnuːz,ˈɡnuːz/), or Gnus Network User Services, is a message reader which is part ofGNU Emacs. It supports reading and composing bothe-mail andnews and can also act as anRSS reader, web processor, and directory browser for both local and remote filesystems.
Gnus blurs the distinction between news and e-mail, treating them both as "articles" that come from different sources. News articles are kept separate by group, and e-mail can be split into arbitrary groups, similar to folders in other mail readers. In addition, Gnus is able to use a number ofweb-based sources as inputs for its groups.
Some Gnus features:
As part of Emacs, Gnus' features can be extended indefinitely throughEmacs lisp.
To quote the Gnus Manual:
Note that the composition of HTML email messages (as users of moreWYSIWYG editors may be used to) is not included by default; the lack of this "ability" is counted as a feature by Gnus' traditional user base.
Gnus is arewrite of GNUS by Masanobu Umeda, which ceased to be developed in 1992. In autumn 1994,Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen started the rewrite under the name(ding) which is arecursive acronym fording is not Gnus, intending to produce a version for which the interface and configuration would work almost exactly the same, but the internals would be completely revamped and improved. The new version proved to be popular and has undergone constant expansion and enhancement. Ingebrigtsen is also the lead programmer ofeww.
In general, users receive Gnus bundled with their copy ofGNU Emacs and only need to worry about version numbers if they want to upgrade to newer versions themselves instead of receiving updates through Emacs or their operating system's packaging system.
The following versions have been released:
The odd minor version numbers, like 5.3 and 5.5 are for the Gnus versions bundled withGNUEmacs. The even version numbers are the unbundled releases. So for example, Gnus 5.5 is similar to Gnus 5.4, but bundled with Emacs 20.1.
Development is done using "named versions", whose first letters run backwards in the alphabet; "No Gnus" v0.19 was released in early 2012, and development transitioned to "Ma Gnus". No named version ever reaches 1.0, instead when it is considered stable enough for general release, it sheds its name and gets packaged with as simply "Gnus <version number>". Entering the "V" command in the Groups buffer of a running copy of Gnus will usually cause it to divulge a version number, but there is no easy way for an end user to know if, for example, "No Gnus 0.9" is older or newer than "Gnus 5.10.8".
After being developed separately for 22 years, the developer of Gnus announced that further development would take place insideGnu Emacs'git tree. A side effect of this change is that support forXEmacs and older versions of Gnu Emacs will be dropped.[7]
Gnus (and a couple of other Emacs packages) are dropping XEmacs support.
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