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Gly-Pro-Glu

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(Redirected fromGlypromate)

Pharmaceutical compound
Gly-Pro-Glu
Identifiers
  • (2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-(2-aminoacetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]pentanedioic acid
CAS Number
PubChemCID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard(EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC12H19N3O6
Molar mass301.299 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • C1C[C@H](N(C1)C(=O)CN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O
  • InChI=1S/C12H19N3O6/c13-6-9(16)15-5-1-2-8(15)11(19)14-7(12(20)21)3-4-10(17)18/h7-8H,1-6,13H2,(H,14,19)(H,17,18)(H,20,21)/t7-,8-/m0/s1
  • Key:JJGBXTYGTKWGAT-YUMQZZPRSA-N

Gly-Pro-Glu (GPE,glypromate) is atripeptide fragment derived from theN-terminus of the endogenous growth factorIGF-1. It hasantiinflammatory andneuroprotective effects and is of interest in the treatment of neurological conditions such asAlzheimer's disease andParkinson's disease. The simple GPE peptide has poorblood-brain barrier penetration and is rapidly metabolised in the body, however a number of synthetic derivatives of GPE have been developed with improved properties.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]

See also

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References

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  1. ^Sara VR, Carlsson-Skwirut C, Drakenberg K, Giacobini MB, Håkansson L, Mirmiran M, et al. (August 1993). "The biological role of truncated insulin-like growth factor-1 and the tripeptide GPE in the central nervous system".Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.692 (1):183–191.Bibcode:1993NYASA.692..183S.doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb26216.x.PMID 8215022.
  2. ^Guan J (June 2008). "Insulin-like growth factor-1 and its derivatives: potential pharmaceutical application for ischemic brain injury".Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery.3 (2):112–127.doi:10.2174/157488908784534630.PMID 18537771.
  3. ^Guan J, Gluckman PD (July 2009)."IGF-1 derived small neuropeptides and analogues: a novel strategy for the development of pharmaceuticals for neurological conditions".British Journal of Pharmacology.157 (6):881–891.doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00256.x.PMC 2737647.PMID 19438508.
  4. ^Cacciatore I, Cornacchia C, Baldassarre L, Fornasari E, Mollica A, Stefanucci A, et al. (January 2012). "GPE and GPE analogues as promising neuroprotective agents".Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry.12 (1):13–23.doi:10.2174/138955712798868995.PMID 22070686.
  5. ^Turkez H, Cacciatore I, Marinelli L, Fornasari E, Aslan ME, Cadirci K, et al. (January 2021)."Glycyl-L-Prolyl-L-Glutamate Pseudotripeptides for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease".Biomolecules.11 (1): 126.doi:10.3390/biom11010126.PMC 7835747.PMID 33478054.
  6. ^Silva-Reis SC, Sampaio-Dias IE, Costa VM, Correia XC, Costa-Almeida HF, García-Mera X, et al. (February 2023)."Concise Overview of Glypromate Neuropeptide Research: From Chemistry to Pharmacological Applications in Neurosciences".ACS Chemical Neuroscience.14 (4):554–572.doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00675.PMC 9936549.PMID 36735764.
  7. ^Silva-Reis SC, Costa VM, Correia da Silva D, Pereira DM, Correia XC, Costa-Almeida HF, et al. (March 2024)."Exploring structural determinants of neuroprotection bias on novel glypromate conjugates with bioactive amines".European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.267 116174.doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116174.PMID 38306884.
  8. ^Ilina AR, Popovich IG, Ryzhak GA, Khavinson VK (2024). "[Prospects for use of short peptides in pharmacotherapeutic correction of Alzheimer's disease.]".Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi Gerontologii.37 (1–2):10–20.PMID 38944767.
  9. ^Adnan SB, Maarof M, Fauzi MB, Fadilah NI (2025)."Exploring the Role of Tripeptides in Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review".International Journal of Medical Sciences.22 (16):4175–4200.doi:10.7150/ijms.118118.PMC 12595317.PMID 41209547.
  10. ^Yang D, Song Y, Yu S, Ma Y, Du W (February 2026). "Rational Design of Dual-Targeting Novel GPE-Derived Oligopeptide Conjugates for Alzheimer's Disease: Synergistic Inhibition of Excitotoxicity and Oxidative Stress".ACS Chemical Neuroscience acschemneuro.5c00871.doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00871.PMID 41641951.
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