 | |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl dihydrogen phosphate | |
| Identifiers | |
| |
3D model (JSmol) | |
| 1725008 | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| DrugBank | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.008.839 |
| EC Number |
|
| KEGG | |
| MeSH | Glyceraldehyde+3-Phosphate |
| UNII | |
| |
| |
| Properties | |
| C3H7O6P | |
| Molar mass | 170.058 |
| Melting point | 102–104 °C[1] |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, also known astriose phosphate or3-phosphoglyceraldehyde and abbreviated asG3P,GA3P,GADP,GAP,TP,GALP orPGAL, is ametabolite that occurs as an intermediate in several centralpathways of all organisms.[2][3] With thechemical formula H(O)CCH(OH)CH2OPO32-, this anion is amonophosphate ester ofglyceraldehyde.
D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is formed from the following three compounds in reversible reactions:
| β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate | fructose-bisphosphate aldolase | D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate | dihydroxyacetone phosphate | ||
 |  | + |  | ||
 | |||||
| fructose-bisphosphate aldolase | |||||
CompoundC05378 atKEGG Pathway Database.Enzyme4.1.2.13 atKEGG Pathway Database.CompoundC00111 atKEGG Pathway Database.CompoundC00118 atKEGG Pathway Database.
The numbering of the carbon atoms indicates the fate of the carbons according to their position in fructose 6-phosphate.
| Dihydroxyacetone phosphate | triose phosphate isomerase | D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate | |
| | ||
| |||
| triose phosphate isomerase | |||
CompoundC00111 atKEGG Pathway Database.Enzyme5.3.1.1 atKEGG Pathway Database.CompoundC00118 atKEGG Pathway Database.
| glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate | glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase | D-glycerate 1,3-bisphosphate | |
|  | ||
| NAD++ Pi | NADH+ H+ | ||
 | |||
| NAD++ Pi | NADH+ H+ | ||
CompoundC00118 atKEGG Pathway Database.Enzyme1.2.1.12 atKEGG Pathway Database.ReactionR01063 atKEGG Pathway Database.CompoundC00236 atKEGG Pathway Database.
D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is also of some importance since this is howglycerol (as DHAP) enters the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. Furthermore, it is a participant in and a product of thepentose phosphate pathway.
|Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.[§ 1]
During plantphotosynthesis, 2 equivalents ofglycerate 3-phosphate (GP; also known as 3-phosphoglycerate) are produced by the first step of thelight-independent reactions whenribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) andcarbon dioxide are catalysed by therubisco enzyme. The GP is converted to D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) using the energy inATP and the reducing power ofNADPH as part of theCalvin cycle. This returnsADP, phosphate ions Pi, andNADP+ to thelight-dependent reactions of photosynthesis for their continued function.RuBP is regenerated for the Calvin cycle to continue.
G3P is generally considered the prime end-product of photosynthesis and it can be used as an immediate food nutrient, combined and rearranged to form monosaccharide sugars, such asglucose, which can be transported to other cells, or packaged for storage as insolublepolysaccharides such asstarch.
6 CO2 + 6RuBP (+ energy from 12ATP and 12 NADPH) →12G3P (3-carbon)
10G3P (+ energy from 6ATP) → 6RuBP (i.e. starting material regenerated)
2G3P →glucose (6-carbon).
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate occurs as a byproduct in the biosynthesis pathway oftryptophan, an essentialamino acid that cannot be produced by the human body.
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate occurs as a reactant in the biosynthesis pathway ofthiamine (Vitamin B1), another substance that cannot be produced by the human body.
