Glen Waverley line
X'Trapolis train atGlen Waverley station.
Overview
Service type	Commuter rail
System	Melbourne railway network
Status	Operational
Locale	Melbourne,Victoria,Australia
Predecessor	Darling (1890–1922) Darling ^ (1922–1929) East Malvern ^ (1929–1930) ^ are electric services
First service	24 March 1890; 135 years ago (1890-03-24)
Current operator	Metro Trains
Former operators	Victorian Railways (VR) (1890–1974) VR as VicRail (1974–1983) MTA (The Met) (1983–1989) PTC (The Met) (1989–1998) Hillside Trains (1998–2000) Connex Melbourne (2000–2009)
Route
Termini	Flinders Street Glen Waverley
Stops	20 (including City Loop stations)
Distance travelled	21.3 km (13.2 mi)
Average journey time	36 minutes (not via City Loop)
Service frequency	7–15 minutes weekdays peak 10–15 minutes weekdays off-peak 20 minutes weekend daytime 30 minutes nights 60 minutesearly weekend mornings Occasional services run express from Richmond - Darling, and Richmond - Kooyong - Gardiner - Holmesglen - Syndal or Glen Waverley
Line used	Glen Waverley
Technical
Rolling stock	X'Trapolis 100
Track gauge	1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in)
Electrification	1500VDCoverhead
Track owner	VicTrack
Route map Legend h:mm km zone 1.2 Southern Cross ●●●●●●● 1 1.3 Flagstaff ●●● 1.9 Melbourne Central 3.0 Parliament ●● 0:00 0.0 Flinders Street ●●●● 0:03 2.6 Richmond ●●●●●●■ 0:05 3.1 East Richmond ■■ 0:07 4.1 Burnley ●●●■ 0:10 5.9 Heyington 0:12 7.1 Kooyong ■ 0:14 8.4 Tooronga 0:16 9.4 Gardiner ■ 0:18 10.3 Glen Iris ■ 1 0:20 11.4 Darling 1/2 0:22 12.5 East Malvern 0:25 14.4 Holmesglen 1/2 0:28 16.4 Jordanville 2 0:30 17.8 Mount Waverley 0:33 19.7 Syndal 0:36 21.0 Glen Waverley 2 h:mm km zone This diagram: view talk edit

TheGlen Waverley line is acommuter railway line in the city ofMelbourne,Victoria, Australia.^[1] Operated byMetro Trains Melbourne, it is the city's sixth shortest metropolitan railway line at 21.3 kilometres (13.2 mi). The line runs fromFlinders Street station in central Melbourne toGlen Waverley station in the east, serving 20 stations includingBurnley,Kooyong,East Malvern, andJordanville.^[1] The line operates for approximately 19 hours a day (from approximately 5:15 am to around 12:00 am) with 24 hour service available on Friday and Saturday nights. The line operates withheadways of up to 7 minutes during peak hours and as long as 30 minutes during off-peak hours.^[2] Trains on the Glen Waverley line run with two three-car formations ofX'Trapolis 100 trainsets.^[3]

Sections of the Glen Waverley line opened as early as 1890, with the line fully extended to Glen Waverley in 1930. The line was built to connectMelbourne with the rural towns ofKooyong,East Malvern,Mount Waverley, andGlen Waverley, amongst others.

Since the 2010s, due to the heavily utilised infrastructure of the Glen Waverley line, significant improvements and upgrades have been made. Different packages of works have upgraded the corridor to replacesleepers, upgrade signalling technology, introduce new rolling stock, and remove 2 out of the 6 remaininglevel crossings.^[4]

A rail connection fromPrinces Bridge station toPunt Road (Richmond) was built by theMelbourne and Suburban Railway Company in 1859, with a branch line from Richmond to Burnley opening in 1861.^[5] In 1890, part of what would become the Glen Waverley line opened from Burnley to Darling.^[6] At the same time in 1890, a line known as theOuter Circle line opened, running fromOakleigh station to Darling, continuing to Burnley with the line continuing north toRiversdale and beyond.^[7] The Outer Circle closed in sections between 1893 and 1897, with the Burnley to Waverley Road section of the line closing back to Darling in 1895.^[7]

Electrification of the line to Glen Waverley occurred in three stages between 1922 and 1930. In March 1922, the section from Burnley to Darling station was electrified, with the section to East Malvern being electrified in June 1929, and the final section to Glen Waverley being completed by May 1930.^[8][9] The electrification of the line allowed for the introduction ofSwing Doorelectric multiple unit trains for the first time.^[8][10]

The introduction of power signalling on the line begun in 1919 with the section from Richmond to East Richmond, with the remainder of the line converted in stages from 1922 to 1964.^[11] In 1929, the Glen Waverley line began construction on an extension fromDarling toEast Malvern along the original track of the Outer Circle line.^[12] The Outer Circle line previously begun its curve south towards Waverley Road and Oakleigh. The Glen Waverley line continued east towards Holmesglen.^[12]

The 1950s saw the line undergo major upgrades, including the firstcentralised traffic control installation in Australia. Commissioned in September 1957 at a length of 6 miles (9.7 km) in length, theVictorian Railways installed it as a prototype for theNorth East standard project.^[13] On 6 February 1956, theToorak Road level crossing between Kooyong andTooronga stations was the first in Victoria to receiveboom barriers, replacing hand operated gates.^[14]

NewComeng trains were introduced to the Melbourne railway system in 1981. Initially, along with the Glen Waverley line, they were only allowed to operate on the Alamein, Belgrave, Dandenong and Lilydale lines, due to the width of the trains (10 feet (3.05 m)).^[15] Also in 1981, Glen Waverley line services commenced operations through theCity Loop, after previously terminating atFlinders orSpencer Street stations.^[16] The commencement of operations involved the service stopping at three new stations—Parliament,Melbourne Central (then called Museum), andFlagstaff.^[17] The Loop followsLa Trobe andSpring Streets along the northern and eastern edges of theHoddle Grid.^[18] The Loop connects with Melbourne's two busiest stations,Flinders Street andSouthern Cross, via the elevatedFlinders Street Viaduct.^[18]

Many stations were rebuilt and level crossings removed along the corridor through the construction of road bridges during the 1970s to the late 1980s.^[19] These works coincided with the construction of theMonash Freeway which runs alongside the route for part of the journey.^[19]

In 2014, theLevel Crossing Removal Project announced the removal of 2 level crossings on the Glen Waverley line, to be completed in 2016 and 2020.^[4][20] The removal ofBurke Road,Glen Iris involved the lowering of the rail line and the reconstruction of Gardiner station.^[4] This was the first crossing to be removed by the project and was completed in 2016.^[4] The second removal involved raising the rail corridor aboveToorak Road,Kooyong, with the crossing removed by early 2020.^[20] With the removal of 2 level crossings along the corridor, only 4 crossings now remain on the Glen Waverley line.^[21]

In 2021, the metropolitan timetable underwent a major rewrite, resulting in all Glen Waverley line trains operating via the City Loop alongsideAlamein,Belgrave, andLilydale services.^[22]

In 2023, data fromPublic Transport Victoria found that the Glen Waverley line was the most on-time train service on the network.^[23] Commuters on theCraigieburn line faced the highest train delays, with 10.6% of services arriving late between March 2022 and February 2023.^[23] ThePakenham line experienced the most cancellations in the city's south-east, at 3.1%, excluding lines with fewer services.^[23] On the positive side, the Glen Waverley line was the top performer, boasting 97.1% on-time arrivals during the same period.^[23]

Services on the Glen Waverley line operates from approximately 5:15 am to around 12:00 am daily.^[9] During peak hours, trains run every 7–10 minutes, while service during non-peak hours drops to 15–30 minutes throughout the entire route.^[2] On Friday nights and weekends, services run 24 hours a day, with 60 minute frequencies available outside of normal operating hours.^[24]

Train services on the line are also subjected to maintenance and renewal works, usually on selected Fridays and Saturdays. Shuttle bus services are provided throughout the duration of works for affected commuters.^[25]

Legend – Station status

• ◼Premium Station – Station staffed from first to last train
• ◻Host Station – Usually staffed during morning peak, however this can vary for different stations on the network.

Legend – Stopping patterns
Some services do not operate via the City Loop

• ● – All trains stop
• ◐ – Some services do not stop
• ▼ – Only outbound trains stop
• | – Trains pass and do not stop

The Glen Waverley line has had a total of 6 operators since its opening in 1888. The majority of operations throughout its history have been government run: from its first service in 1888 until the 1999 privatisation of Melbourne's rail network, four different government operators have run the line.^[27] These operators,Victorian Railways, theMetropolitan Transit Authority, thePublic Transport Corporation and Hillside Trains have a combined operational length of 111 years. Hillside Trains was privatised in August 1999 and later rebrandedConnex Melbourne.Metro Trains Melbourne, the current private operator, then took over the operations in 2009. Both private operators have had a combined operational period of26 years.^[28]

v t e Glen Waverley line
Legend
km Multiple lines viaNorth Melbourne City Loop 1.2 Southern Cross ●●●●●●● 2.5 Flagstaff ●●● 3.1 Melbourne Central 4.3 Parliament ●● 0.0 Flinders Street ●● 0.1 Princes Bridge (closed) Hurstbridge &Mernda lines toJolimont City Loop 1.8 Botanic Gardens (demolished) 2.3 Punt Road (Hoddle Highway) 2.6 Richmond ●●●●●●■ 2.7 Swan Street Multiple lines toSouth Yarra 3.1 East Richmond ■■ 4.1 Burnley ●●●■ Alamein,Belgrave &Lilydale lines toCamberwell 4.9 Richmond Park (never opened) 4.9 Madden Grove 5.0 Burnley Stabling Sidings 5.3 Heyington Bridge CityLink Yarra River 5.9 Heyington 7.0 Glenferrie Road 7.1 Kooyong ■ 7.8 Toorak Road (Burwood Highway) 8.4 Tooronga 9.4 Gardiner ■ 9.5 Burke Road 10.3 Glen Iris ■ 10.4 High Street 11.4 Darling 12.5 East Malvern Outer Circle line (dismantled) 13.4 Monash Freeway 14.4 Holmesglen 14.6 Warrigal Road 16.2 Huntingdale Road 16.4 Jordanville 17.8 Mount Waverley 17.9 Stephenson Road 19.5 Blackburn Road 19.7 Syndal 21.0 Glen Waverley km

Interactive map of the Glen Waverley line in eastern Melbourne.

The Glen Waverley line forms a mostly curved route from theMelbourne central business district to its terminus in Glen Waverley. The route is 21.3 kilometres (13.2 mi) long and is predominantly doubled tracked. Between Flinders Street station and Richmond, the track is widened to 12 tracks, narrowing to 4 tracks between Richmond and Burnley before again narrowing to 2 tracks between Burnley and Glen Waverley.^[29] After departing from its terminus at Flinders Street, the Glen Waverley line traverses both flat and hilly country with few curves and fairly minimalearthworks for most of the line. The journey from Holmesglen to the terminus involves some of the steepest grades in Melbourne (1 in 30).^[30] Sections of the line have been elevated or lowered into acutting toeliminate level crossings.^[31] However, a small number of level crossings are still present with no current plans to remove them.^[32]

The line follows the same alignment as the Alamein, Belgrave, and Lilydale lines with the four services splitting onto different routes at Burnley. The Glen Waverley line goes on its south eastern alignment, whereas the Alamein, Belgrave, and Lilydale lines take an eastern alignment towards their final destinations.^[33] The rail line goes throughbuilt-up suburbs towards its terminus in Glen Waverley.^[33]

The line serves 20 stations across 21 kilometres (13 mi) of track. The stations are a mix of elevated, lowered, underground, and ground level designs. Underground stations are present only in the City Loop, with the majority of elevated and lowered stations being constructed as part of level crossing removals.^[34][35]

Station	Accessibility	Opened	Terrain	Train connections	Other connections
Flinders Street	Yes—step free access	1854[36]	Lowered	16 connections  Alamein line   Belgrave line   Craigieburn line   Cranbourne line   Flemington Racecourse line   Frankston line   Gippsland line   Hurstbridge line   Lilydale line   Mernda line   Pakenham line   Sandringham line   Sunbury line   Upfield line   Werribee line   Williamstown line
Southern Cross		1859[36]	Ground level	27 connections  Alamein line   Albury line   Ararat line   Ballarat line   Belgrave line   Bendigo line   Craigieburn line   Cranbourne line   Echuca line   Flemington Racecourse line   Geelong line   Gippsland line   Glen Waverley line   Hurstbridge line   Lilydale line   Maryborough line   Mernda line   NSW TrainLink Southern   Pakenham line   Seymour line   Shepparton line   Sunbury line   Swan Hill line   The Overland   Upfield line   Warrnambool line   Werribee line   Williamstown line
Flagstaff		1985[36]	Underground	10 connections  Alamein line   Belgrave line   Craigieburn line   Cranbourne line   Hurstbridge line   Lilydale line   Mernda line   Pakenham line   Sunbury line   Upfield line
Melbourne Central		1981[36]
Parliament		1983[36]
Richmond	No—steep ramp	1859[36]	Elevated	8 connections  Alamein line   Belgrave line   Cranbourne line   Frankston line   Gippsland line   Lilydale line   Pakenham line   Sandringham line
East Richmond	Yes—step free access	1860[36]	Ground level	3 connections  Alamein line   Belgrave line   Lilydale line
Burnley	No—steep ramp	1880[36]
Heyington	No—stairs required	1890[36]
Kooyong	Yes—step free access
Tooronga
Gardiner			Lowered
Glen Iris	No—steep ramp		Ground level
Darling	Yes—step free access
East Malvern	No—steep ramp	1929[36]
Holmesglen		1930[36]
Jordanville
Mount Waverley
Syndal
Glen Waverley

The Glen Waverley line usesX'Trapolis 100electric multiple unit (EMU) trains operating in a two three-car configuration, with three doors per side on each carriage, and can accommodate up to 432 seated passengers in each six-car configuration.^[38] The trains were originally built between 2002 and 2004 as well as between 2009 and 2020 with a total of 212 three-car sets constructed. The trains are shared with 7 other metropolitan train lines and have been in service since 2003.^[38] Comeng trains are approved for revenue service on the line, but they don't run due to the abundance of X'trapolis trains.^[39]

Alongside the passenger trains, Glen Waverley line tracks and equipment are maintained by a fleet of engineering trains. The four types of engineering trains are: the shunting train; designed for moving trains along non-electrified corridors and for transporting other maintenance locomotives, for track evaluation; designed for evaluating track and its condition, the overhead inspection train; designed for overhead wiring inspection, and the infrastructure evaluation carriage designed for general infrastructure evaluation.^[40] Most of these trains are repurposed locomotives previously used byV/Line, Metro Trains, and theSouthern Shorthaul Railroad.^[40]

In compliance with theDisability Discrimination Act of 1992, all stations that are newly built or rebuilt are fully accessible.^[41] Half of stations on the corridor haven't been upgraded to meet these guidelines.^[42] These stations do feature ramps, however, they have a gradient greater than 1 in 14.^[42] Stations that are fully accessible feature ramps that have a gradient less than 1 in 14, have at-grade paths, or feature lifts.^[42] These stations typically also featuretactile boarding indicators, independent boarding ramps, wheelchair accessiblemyki barriers,hearing loops, and widened paths.^[42][43]

Projects improving station accessibility have included the Level Crossing Removal Project, which involves station rebuilds and upgrades, and individual station upgrade projects.^[44][45] These works have made significant strides in improving network accessibility, with half of Glen Waverley line stations classed as fully accessible.^[46] Potential future station upgrade projects will continue to increase the number of fully accessible stations over time.

The Glen Waverley line uses three position signalling which is widely used across the Melbourne train network.^[47] Three position signalling was first introduced on the line in 1919, with the final section of the line converted to the new type of signalling in 1964.^[48]

• Glen Waverley line timetable
• Network map
• Media related toGlen Waverley railway line at Wikimedia Commons

• Railway lines in Melbourne
• Railway lines opened in 1890
• 1890 establishments in Australia
• Public transport routes in the City of Melbourne (LGA)
• Transport in the City of Yarra
• Transport in the City of Stonnington
• Transport in the City of Monash

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