Jizan جيزان | |
|---|---|
 | |
  Jizan | |
| Coordinates:16°53′21″N42°33′40″E / 16.88917°N 42.56111°E /16.88917; 42.56111 | |
| Country |  Saudi Arabia |
| Province | Jazan |
| Government | |
| • Governor / Emir | Prince Mohammed Bin Nasser Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud (Since 3 April 2001[1]) |
| Elevation | 40 m (130 ft) |
| Population (2022 census)[2] | |
• City | 173,919 |
| • Metro | 1,404,997 (Jizan region) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (AST) |
| Website | www |
Jizan (Arabic:جيزان,romanized: Jīzān) is acity and the capital ofJazan Province, which lies in the southwest corner ofSaudi Arabia. Jizan is situated on the coast of theRed Sea and serves a large agricultural heartland that has a population of 173,919 as of 2022 and over 1.4 million, in the whole Jizan region. As the city is the capital of the region, it has a regional airport as well as the Jizan seaport. The area is noted for its high-quality production of fruits such asmangoes,figs,papayas,plums, andcoffee.[3]
Jizan has one of the largest megaprojects market in the kingdom with significant infrastructure projects worth many billions of dollars.Saudi Aramco is building a 400,000bpd refinery with associated terminal facilities on theRed Sea near the city, scheduled for completion in late 2018.[4]
In the early 20th century, Jizan was a major site forpearl fishing. When World War I began, trade declined, due to ships moving toAl Hudaydah.[5]
Today, ambitious projects in transport, renewable energy, tourism, and agricultural development are taking place in the Jizan region, particularly inJazan Economic City, including a US$3 Billionaluminum smelter.[6]
Jazan Refinery is a megaproject under construction and owned bySaudi Aramco. The Refinery will process heavy and medium crude oil to createliquefied petroleum gas, sulfur, asphalt, benzene, and paraxylene. It is expected to produce 400,000 barrels per day.[7]
Jazan Port andJizan Regional Airport serve the city of Jizan.
The inhabitants of Jizan areArab who mainly followSunni Islam with a smallZaydi minority.[8]
2004 : 255,340
2010 : 163,703
2022 : 200,911
Jizan has a hotdesert climate (Köppen:BWh) with a rainfall below 200 mm per year and an average annual temperature above 30 °C (86 °F). The weather is very hot all year round and its average annual temperature is one of the hottest in the world, as daily lows average over 20 °C (68 °F) and highs over 30 °C (86 °F) even in the mildest month of the year, while unlike a lot of tropical cities the summer is even noticeably warmer.It is very humid but parched in some months, making the weather volatile. Sandstorms are quite common in areas further from the sea.
The highest recorded temperature was 46.3 °C (115.3 °F) on 15 September 2006, while the lowest was 11.8 °C (53.2 °F) on 7 February 1993.[9]
| Climate data for Jazan (1991-2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 34.0 (93.2) | 34.9 (94.8) | 38.1 (100.6) | 43.6 (110.5) | 44.0 (111.2) | 43.1 (109.6) | 42.3 (108.1) | 45.3 (113.5) | 46.3 (115.3) | 43.0 (109.4) | 42.3 (108.1) | 38.0 (100.4) | 46.3 (115.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.7 (87.3) | 31.2 (88.2) | 32.9 (91.2) | 35.4 (95.7) | 37.7 (99.9) | 38.4 (101.1) | 38.3 (100.9) | 38.0 (100.4) | 38.0 (100.4) | 36.5 (97.7) | 34.0 (93.2) | 31.8 (89.2) | 35.2 (95.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.3 (79.3) | 26.9 (80.4) | 28.4 (83.1) | 30.8 (87.4) | 32.7 (90.9) | 33.8 (92.8) | 33.9 (93.0) | 33.4 (92.1) | 33.1 (91.6) | 31.5 (88.7) | 29.3 (84.7) | 27.3 (81.1) | 30.6 (87.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.0 (71.6) | 22.9 (73.2) | 24.4 (75.9) | 26.6 (79.9) | 28.4 (83.1) | 30.1 (86.2) | 30.5 (86.9) | 29.8 (85.6) | 29.0 (84.2) | 26.7 (80.1) | 24.8 (76.6) | 22.9 (73.2) | 26.5 (79.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 14.9 (58.8) | 11.8 (53.2) | 16.3 (61.3) | 18.8 (65.8) | 19.1 (66.4) | 23.0 (73.4) | 21.0 (69.8) | 19.0 (66.2) | 20.0 (68.0) | 20.3 (68.5) | 18.3 (64.9) | 17.0 (62.6) | 11.8 (53.2) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 13.2 (0.52) | 3.2 (0.13) | 4.7 (0.19) | 11.1 (0.44) | 9.0 (0.35) | 1.6 (0.06) | 16.4 (0.65) | 32.3 (1.27) | 8.5 (0.33) | 20.2 (0.80) | 16.2 (0.64) | 17.0 (0.67) | 153.4 (6.04) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1 mm) | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 2.9 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 13.5 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 73 | 73 | 70 | 66 | 64 | 64 | 60 | 64 | 67 | 67 | 69 | 73 | 68 |
| Source:World Meteorological Organization,[10] Jeddah Regional Climate Center (humidity 1985-2010)[11] | |||||||||||||
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26.8 °C (80.2 °F) | 26.6 °C (79.9 °F) | 27.6 °C (81.7 °F) | 28.9 °C (84.0 °F) | 30.7 °C (87.3 °F) | 31.9 °C (89.4 °F) | 31.5 °C (88.7 °F) | 31.6 °C (88.9 °F) | 32.0 °C (89.6 °F) | 32.0 °C (89.6 °F) | 30.5 °C (86.9 °F) | 28.7 °C (83.7 °F) |
Pockets of Zaydis, members of another branch of Shia Islam, numbering a total of approximately 20,000, reside primarily in the provinces of Jizan and Najran along the border with Yemen
| Main Saudi Arabian cities by population | |
|---|---|
| 1,000,000 and more | |
| 300,000-999,999 | |
| <300,000 | |
Source:cdsi.gov.sa | |
16°53′21″N42°33′40″E / 16.88917°N 42.56111°E /16.88917; 42.56111
