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Giuseppe Rosaroll | |
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| Born | (1775-09-16)16 September 1775 Naples, Italy |
| Died | 2 December 1825(1825-12-02) (aged 50) Nafplion, Italy |
| Occupation(s) | Essayist, military officer |
Giuseppe Maria Rosaroll-Scorza (16 September 1775 – 2 December 1825) was an Italian essayist and a general in the army of theKingdom of the Two Sicilies. He was also the father of the Italian patriotic heroCesare Rosaroll.
Born in Naples from a family of Swiss origin, he entered as a cadet in theNeapolitan Army in 1793. In 1799, he joined theParthenopaean Republic as a captain. Captured by theSanfedisti and condemned to death, he escaped to France before re-entering Italy withNapoleon Bonaparte, serving in theItalian Legion.
Rosaroll fought in theBattle of Marengo, later joining the Army of theCisalpine Republic. In Milan he wrote a treatise on the art offencing,La scienza della scherma.[1]
He returned to Naples with GeneralMasséna in 1806. His brave conduct in the campaign of Sicily of 1811 withJoachim Murat, won him an 1812 promotion to the rank offield marshal and was titledBaron of the Empire. Again with Murat he participated in theRussian campaign.
After theRestoration (1815) Rosaroll received command of a brigade and then of the division ofMessina from kingFerdinand I. During this period he wrote numerous treatises on military techniques.
As commander of Messina in March 1821 he tried to organise the military forces of the Two Sicilies stationed inSicily andCalabria to resist the Austrians who were entering the Kingdom in order to repress theConstitutional Revolt of 1820.
In order to escape his death sentence for this act (sentence of 27 February 1823), he fled toSpain, where he joined the ranks of theliberal constitutionalist forces from 1822 to 1823. In spring 1823, the Spanish revolution wasput down by the French Army, general Rosaroll moved again, first to England and then to Greece, where theGreek War of Independence was raging. According to historian T. Gerozisis, which is based on the testimony ofDionysios Romas andFotakos, Rosaroll's old acquaintance and friend from Zante,Theodoros Kolokotronis, intended to make him commander of ground forces. Before the interim government enacted this, Rosaroll died oftyphus in Nauplia.[2][3] His son César died fighting against the Austrians at Venice in 1849.
Historian of fencingJacopo Gelli considered Rosaroll andPietro Grisetti as the scions of the true "Scuola Napoletana" of fencing. Both were students of Tommaso Bosco e Fucile, who was amaestro of fencing inNaples.[citation needed]
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