Giovanni Giuriati | |
|---|---|
 | |
| President of the Chamber of Deputies | |
| In office 20 April 1929 – 19 January 1934 | |
| Preceded by | Antonio Casertano |
| Succeeded by | Costanzo Ciano |
| President of theFree State of Fiume | |
| In office 22 March 1922 – 16 September 1923 | |
| Preceded by | Riccardo Zanella |
| Succeeded by | Gaetano Giardino (Military Governor of Fiume) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1876-08-04)4 August 1876 |
| Died | 6 May 1970(1970-05-06) (aged 93) Rome, Italy |
| Political party | Autonomist Association (1896–1914) Italian Nationalist Association (1914–1923) National Fascist Party (1923–1943) |
Giovanni Giuriati (4 August 1876 – 6 May 1970) was anItalian fascist politician.[1]
Giuriati was born inVenice in 1876.[2]
A law graduate and lawyer, he associated in 1903 with theirredentist groupTrento e Trieste ("Trento andTrieste" – regions which it aimed to have secede fromAustria-Hungary), and soon became its president. In early 1915, he channelled aid from Italians in Austria for the earthquake-hit town ofAvezzano,[3] and volunteered as a soldier inWorld War I. Wounded in theFirst Battle of the Isonzo, and again in theThird, he was twice decorated.[1]
He returned to his legal practice as the war ended, but decided to follow the paramilitary movement ofGabriele D'Annunzio, as it attempted to seize the "unredeemed" and disputed port ofFiume (today Rijeka). When Giuriati arrived in Fiume, D’Annunzio made him his Prime Minister, but he resigned and left Fiume before it fell, having failed to persuade D’Annunzio to accept themodus vivendi proposed by the Italian government.[4] D'Annunzio gave Giuriati command of theCarnaro legion inZara and, in February 1920, sent him toParis in a vain attempt to be admitted at the peace conference, as a representative of the military government of Fiume. Giuriati then worked to found the Fiume League, in opposition to the League of Nations, to represent all the peoples and interests sacrificed at Versailles.[1]
The forces of Fiume were defeated in December 1920 by regular Italian troops, after they had ignored the provisions of theTreaty of Rapallo and even declared war onItaly. Nonetheless, Giuriati briefly served as provisional President of the territory after acoup d'état against the government of theFree State of Fiume in March 1922.[5] Meanwhile, he had joined thePartito Nazionale Fascista (PNF), being elected to theItalian Chamber of Deputies in 1921.
After theMarch on Rome, Giovanni Giuriati became Minister of Freed Territories in theBenito Mussolini government, and took over the Ministry of Public Works in 1925.[1] He was President of the Chamber of Deputies between 1929 and 1934, and national secretary of the PNF 1930-31.[6] After 1934, he served assenator.
In 1943, he joined the condemnation of Italy's participation in theAxis, agreeing to the coup carried out byDino Grandi inside theGrand Council of Fascism. TheItalian Social Republic, a Fascist state recreated byNazi Germany in Northern Italy, engineered thein absentiaVerona trial against Grandi and his pro-Allies collaborators, during which Giuriati wassentenced to death.[7] He escaped the wave of repression, and remained in liberated Italy. Charges of political corruption brought against him at the end ofWorld War II were cleared, and Giuriati retired to a low profile life.
He died in Rome in 1970.
Media related toGiovanni Giuriati at Wikimedia Commons| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | President of the Italian Chamber of Deputies 1929–1934 | Succeeded by |
Members of theMussolini Cabinet | ||
|---|---|---|
| Head of government andduce of Fascism |  | |
| Minister of Aeronautics (since 1925) | ||
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | ||
| Minister of Agriculture (abolished in 1923) | ||
| Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (since 1929) | ||
| Minister of the Colonies (abolished in 1937) | ||
| Minister of Italian Africa (since 1937) | ||
| Minister of Communications (since 1924) | ||
| Minister of Corporations (since 1926) | ||
| Ministry of Popular Culture (since 1937) | ||
| Minister of the Interior | ||
| Minister of Domestic Economy | ||
| Minister of Domestic Education | ||
| Minister of Finance | ||
| Minister of Justice and Affairs of Religion | ||
| Minister of Industry and Commerce | ||
| Minister of Public Works | ||
| Minister of War | ||
| Minister of Labour and Social Security | ||
| Minister of Posts and Telegraphs | ||
| Minister of War Production (since 6 February 1943) | ||
| Minister of Public Education | ||
| Minister of Trades and Currencies | ||
| Minister of Press and Propaganda | ||
| Minister of Freed Territories from Enemies (abolished on 5 February 1923) | ||
| Minister of Treasure (merged into Ministry of Finance on 31 December 1922) | ||
