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Giovanni Boldini (31 December 1842 – 11 January 1931) was an Italiangenre andportrait painter who lived and worked inParis for most of his career. According to a 1933 article inTime magazine, he was known as the "Master of Swish" because of his flowing style of painting.[1]
Boldini was born inFerrara, Italy on 31 December 1842. He was the son of a painter of religious subjects, and the younger brother of architectLuigi (Louis) Boldini. In 1862, he went toFlorence for six years to study and pursue painting. He only infrequently attended classes at theAcademy of Fine Arts, but in Florence, met otherrealist painters known as theMacchiaioli, who were Italian precursors toImpressionism. Their influence is seen in Boldini'slandscapes which show his spontaneous response to nature, although it is for his portraits that he became best known.[2]
Giovanni Boldini, Portrait of Lucie Gérard, c. 1890. Pastel on canvas.Photograph of Boldini in his atelier, byAlice Guérin,c. 1925
Moving to London, Boldini attained success as a portraitist. He completed portraits of distinguished members of society including Lady Holland and the Duchess of Westminster.[3] From 1872 he lived in Paris, where he became a friend ofEdgar Degas. He also had a romantic relationship with a French woman named Berthe, who would be a regular model for him in the same decade.[4] He had another lover in the Countess Gabrielle de Rasty.[5] He became the most fashionable portrait painter in Paris in the late 19th century, with a dashing style of painting which shows some Macchiaioli influence and a brio reminiscent of the work of younger artists, such asJohn Singer Sargent andPaul Helleu.
He was nominated commissioner of the Italian section of theParis Exposition in 1889, and received theLégion d'honneur for this appointment.[6] In 1897 he had a solo exhibition in New York.[6] He participated in theVenice Biennale in 1895, 1903, 1905, and 1912.[6]
Boldini died in Paris on 11 January 1931.[7] In a write up inThe New York Times in January 1931, his career was summed up as follows:
Boldini was a fashionable portrait painter. He 'did' all thegrandes dames of Paris, and at a certain period to have a portrait painted by Boldini was a crowning event of the social season. His style was racy and advanced for his time, and he believed that hisdécolleté paintings touched the extreme limit of convention. His work was the talk of numerous salons. And then he was superseded byVandongens andEtcheverrys andDomergues and others whose daring shocked and discouraged Boldini. He had not painted for many years before his death. His body was taken to Ferrara, his native city, for burial.[7]
After his death, his work continued to be exhibited around the world.[8] An exhibition of his work was held in 1938, seven years after his death, at the Newhouse Galleries inNew York City.[9]
Boldini is a character in the balletFranca Florio, regina di Palermo, written in 2007 by the Italian composerLorenzo Ferrero, which depicts the story ofDonna Franca, a famous Sicilian aristocrat whose exceptional beauty inspired him and many other artists, musicians, poets and emperors during theBelle Époque.
A Boldini portrait of his former museMarthe de Florian, a French actress, was discovered in a Paris flat in late 2010, hidden away from view on the premises that were unvisited for over 50 years. The portrait has never been listed, exhibited or published and the flat belonged to de Florian's granddaughter, who inherited the flat after her father's death in 1966 and lived in the South of France after the outbreak of theSecond World War and never returned to Paris.[10][11] A love-note and a biographical reference to the work painted in 1888, when the actress was 24, cemented its authenticity. A full-length portrait of the lady in the same clothing and accessories, but less provocative, hangs in theNew Orleans Museum of Art.
The discovery of his painting in the 70-years-empty apartment forms the background to Michelle Gable's 2014 novelA Paris Apartment.[12]
^abcSteingräber, E., & Matteucci, G. (1984).The Macchiaioli: Tuscan Painters of the Sunlight : March 14-April 20, 1984. New York: Stair Sainty Matthiesen in association with Matthiesen, London. p. 105.OCLC70337478.
T. Panconi,Boldini, L'uomo e la pittura, Pisa (Italy) 1998
E. Savoia (a cura di),Giovanni Boldini. Il dinamismo straordinario delle linee, (catalogo della mostra), Bologna (Italy) 1999
E. Savoia (a cura di),Omaggio a Giovanni Boldini, (catalogo della mostra), Bologna (Italy) 2001
T. Panconi,Giovanni Boldini, L'opera completa (Catalogo generale ragionato legale), Firenze (Italy) 2002
P. Dini e F. Dini,Giovanni Boldini 1842-1931. Catalogo ragionato, Torino 2002
E. Savoia (a cura di),G. Boldini. Dalla macchia alla sperimentazione dinamica, (catalogo della mostra), Bologna (Italy) 2003
T. Panconi,Boldini Mon Amour (catalogo della mostra, con presentazione del ministro per i beni culturali), Pisa (Italy) 2008
E. Savoia (a cura di),Giovanni Boldini. Capolavori e opere inedite dall'atelier dell'artista, (catalogo della mostra), Milano (Italy) 2011
S. Bosi, E. Savoia,Giovanni Boldini. Il Narratore della "dolce vita" parigina, Treviso, Antiga Edizioni 2011
T. Panconi, S. Gaddi,Boldini e la Belle Epoque (catalogo della mostra), Milano (Italy) 2011
S. Bosi, E. Savoia,La mostra di Giovanni Boldini del 1963 al Musée Jacquemart-André di Parigi da un album fotografico inedito, Milano (Italy) 2011
Boldini, Giovanni, Enzo Savoia, and Stefano Bosi.Giovanni Boldini. Capolavori e opere inedite dall'atelier dell'artista. Crocetta del Montello: Antiga. 2011.ISBN978-88-88997520
T. Panconi, S. Gaddi,Giovanni Boldini (catalogo della mostra di Roma - Venaria Reale To), Skira editore, Milano 2017
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