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Ginza Line

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Subway line in Tokyo, Japan
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Ginza Line
A Ginza Line 1000 series train at Shibuya Station
Overview
Other nameG
Native name銀座線
OwnerThe logo of the Tokyo Metro.Tokyo Metro
Line number3
LocaleTokyo
Termini
Stations19
Color on map    Orange
Service
TypeRapid transit
SystemTokyo subway
Operator(s)Tokyo Metro
Depot(s)Shibuya, Ueno
Rolling stockTokyo Metro 1000 series (6 cars)
Daily ridership943,606 (2017)[1]
History
Opened30 December 1927; 98 years ago (30 December 1927)[2]
Last extension1939
Technical
Line length14.3 km (8.9 mi)
Number of tracks2
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)standard gauge
Minimum radius94 m (309 ft)
ElectrificationThird rail, 600 V DC
Operating speed65 km/h (40 mph)
Train protection systemNew CS-ATC
Maximum incline3.3%
Route map

Shibuya Depot
0.0
G-01ShibuyaF
←
←
JYJA
Yamanote Line
Saikyō Line
→
→
←TYTōyoko Line
platforms resited
March 2013
FFukutoshin Line →
1.3
G-02OmotesandōZC
2.0
G-03Gaiemmae
2.7
G-04Aoyama-itchōmeZE
4.0
G-05Akasaka-mitsukeMNYZ
4.9
G-06Tameike-SannōNCM
5.5
G-07ToranomonH
6.3
G-08ShimbashiA
←
←
JYJK
Yamanote Line
Keihin-Tohoku Line
→
→
←A
7.2
G-09Ginza
↑MMarunouchi Line
HHibiya Line→
Y
←JEKeiyō Line→
7.9
G-10Kyōbashi
8.6
G-11NihombashiAT
Nihombashi River
9.2
G-12MitsukoshimaeZ
JB
↓JYJKJC
9.9
G-13Kanda
↑JC
10.4
Manseibashi (Closed 1931)
11.0
G-14Suehirochō
11.6
G-15Ueno-hirokōjiHE
↑JYJK
JJJU
12.1
G-16UenoH
Ueno Depot
12.8
G-17Inarichō
13.5
G-18Tawaramachi
14.3
G-19AsakusaA

TheGinza Line (銀座線,Ginza-sen), officially designated asLine 3 Ginza Line (3号線銀座線,San-gō-sen Ginza-sen), is a subway line inTokyo, Japan, operated byTokyo Metro. The line spans 14.3 km (8.9 mi) and serves the wards ofShibuya,Minato,Chūō,Chiyoda, andTaitō.

It is the oldest subway line inAsia, opening in 1927 and originally operated by theTokyo Underground Railway, later jointly operated with theTokyo Rapid Railway.[3]

The line is named after theGinza commercial district in Chūō, through which it passes. On maps, diagrams, and signage, the line is color-coded orange, and its stations are identified by the letter "G" followed by a specific number.

Operations

[edit]

Nearly all Ginza Line trains operate along the full length of the line between Asakusa and Shibuya. However, two early-morning trains originate atToranomon, and several late-night trains from Shibuya terminate at Ueno. Along with the Marunouchi Line, the Ginza Line is a self-contained system with nothrough-service operations to other railway lines.

On weekdays, the line maintains a headway of 2 minutes and 15 seconds during morning and evening peak periods, and 5 minutes during the day. The first trains depart from Shibuya and Asakusa at 05:01; the final services reach Shibuya at 00:37 and Asakusa at 00:39.

History

[edit]
Asakusa station at the opening ceremoy of Tokyo Undeground Railway on December 29, 1927
Ginza Line in the 1920s, with aNomura Securities advert on the wall

The Ginza Line was conceived by businessmanNoritsugu Hayakawa, who, after observing theLondon Underground during a 1914 visit, concluded thatTokyo City required its own subterranean railway. In 1920, he co-founded theTokyo Underground Railway (東京地下鉄道) alongside BaronFuruichi Kōi. Construction began on September 27, 1925, following the procurement of ¥6.2 mil ($25k) toward the project's initial ¥35 mil ($145k) funding requirement.[4][5]

Originally, the Ginza Line was proposed to open from Shimbashi to Asakusa all at once, but because of a recession following theGreat Kanto Earthquake (1923), it became difficult to raise funds for the line. The portion betweenUeno andAsakusa was completed on December 30, 1927.[4] Upon its opening, the line was so popular that passengers often had to wait more than two hours to ride a train for a five-minute trip.[6]

On January 1, 1930, the subway was extended by 1.7 km (1.1 mi) to temporaryManseibashi Station, abandoned on November 21, 1931 when the subway reachedKanda, 500 meters (1,600 ft) further south down the line. TheGreat Depression slowed down construction, but the line finally reached its originally planned terminus ofShimbashi on June 21, 1934.

In 1938, theTokyo Rapid Railway (東京高速鉄道), a company tied to the predecessor of today'sTokyu Corporation, began service betweenShibuya andToranomon, later extended to Shimbashi in 1939. The two lines began through-service interoperation in 1939 and were formally merged as theTeito Rapid Transit Authority ("Eidan Subway" or "TRTA") in July 1941 in accordance with the Land Transport Business Coordination Law, related to theState General Mobilization Law.[6]

Tokyo Underground Railway in 1937.

Wartime operations

[edit]

For a period after the outbreak of theWorld War II in December 1941, mainland Japan was largely spared significant war damage, with the exception of theDoolittle Raid on April 18, 1942.[6] Economic activity increased, leading to a rise in demand for rail transport. To accommodate the increased capacity needs, all trains were standardized to three-car formations starting December 31, 1942.[7]

However, intensifying warfare led to severe power shortages. Consequently, from January 19, 1943, measures such as shortening the operating routes of some trains operating only betweenMitsukoshimae Station andShibuya Station and suspending service on holidays were implemented. The continued deterioration of the power supply and a decrease in the number of operable electric cars due to vehicle part shortages resulted in a further series of speed reductions and a decrease in train frequency.[7]

Towards the end of the WWII, Tokyo endured repeated bombings by the US military during theGreat Tokyo Air Raids. The Ginza Line, having minimal soil cover, was forced to suspend service during each air raid. Due to the lack of overground coverage, it was not utilized as anair raid shelter, unlike other subway lines such as theMidosuji Line inOsaka.

During the air raid on January 27, 1945, a bomb struck Ginza Street (now Chūō Street), causing damage to bothGinza Station andKyōbashi Station and resulting in numerous passenger fatalities. Additionally, a burst water pipe flooded the tunnel betweenNihonbashi Station and Shimbashi Station. Service was consequently rerouted, operating between Asakusa Station and Mitsukoshimae Station, and between Shimbashi Station and Shibuya Station.[7] On February 1, single-track service resumed between Shimbashi and Mitsukoshimae stations, with full line restoration achieved by March 10. On May 25, a bomb hit the Shibuya Inspection Yard, burning five carriages which were later repaired and returned to service.

Postwar period

[edit]

By June 1, only 24 of the fleet's 84 cars remained operational. Due to depopulation in the areas surrounding the stations caused by the air raids, trains were treated as passing throughTawaramachi Station andSuehirochō Station during limited hours until October 14, 1946.

The "Ginza Line" name was applied in 1953 to distinguish the line from the newMarunouchi Line. In the postwar economic boom, the Ginza Line became increasingly crowded. The newHanzōmon Line began to relieve the Ginza Line's traffic in the 1980s, but the Ginza Line is still quite crowded as it serves major residential, commercial, and business districts in central Tokyo. According to a 2018 release ofTokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation, the Ginza Line is the seventh most crowded subway line in Tokyo, running at 160% capacity betweenAkasaka-mitsuke andTameike-sannō stations.[8]

Exit ofGinza Station in 2004.

Automatic train control (ATC) andtrain automatic stopping controller (TASC) were activated on the Ginza Line on July 31, 1993, replacing the previous mechanicalautomatic train stop (ATS) system.[9] This allowed for an increase in the maximum operating speed limit from 55 km/h (34 mph) to 65 km/h (40 mph), which came into effect on August 2, 1993, and hence enabled a corresponding increase in the line'sroute capacity and train frequency.[10] The newest station on the line,Tameike-sannō Station, opened in 1997 to provide a connection to the newly builtNamboku Line.

The line, station facilities, rolling stock, and related assets were inherited byTokyo Metro after the privatization of the Teito Rapid Transit Authority (TRTA) in 2004.[11]

Stations

[edit]
List of Ginza line stations
  • All stations are located inTokyo.

Being the oldest line on theTokyo Metro, stations are also the closest to the surface—generally no more than one and a half stories underground. The western end of the line entersShibuya Station located on the third-floor of a building that is located in a depression.

No.StationJapaneseDistance (km)TransfersWard
Between
stations		From Shibuya
G01Shibuya渋谷-0.0Shibuya
G02Omote-sandō表参道1.31.3Minato
G03Gaiemmae外苑前0.72.0 
G04Aoyama-itchōme青山一丁目0.72.7
G05Akasaka-mitsuke赤坂見附1.34.0
G06Tameike-sannō溜池山王0.94.9
Chiyoda
G07Toranomon虎ノ門0.65.5Minato
G08Shimbashi新橋0.86.3
G09Ginza銀座0.97.2Chūō
G10Kyōbashi京橋0.77.9 
G11Nihombashi日本橋0.78.6
G12Mitsukoshimae三越前0.69.2
G13Kanda神田0.79.9Chiyoda
G14Suehirocho末広町1.111.0 
G15Ueno-hirokoji上野広小路0.611.6Taitō
G16Ueno上野0.512.1
G17Inarichō稲荷町0.712.8 
G18Tawaramachi田原町0.713.5 
G19Asakusa浅草0.814.3
  1. ^Due to the distance between the Ginza and Hanzomon/Den-en-toshi lines at Shibuya, transfers between the two lines are announced at Omotesandō.

Rolling stock

[edit]
A Tokyo Metro 1000 series EMU in April 2013
Tokyo Metro Ginza Line trains coming and going during the reconstruction of Shibuya Station in 2017

Since April 2012,[12] the Ginza Line uses a fleet of 40 six-carTokyo Metro 1000 series EMUs which have a maximum speed of 80 km/h (50 mph). Each car is 16 m (52 ft 6 in) long and 2.55 m (8 ft 4 in) wide, with three doors on each side. They are powered by athird rail electrified at 600 VDC. Both the Ginza Line and theMarunouchi Line are the only Tokyo Metro lines to use1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)standard gauge and third rail electrification, while subsequent lines employnarrow gauge (1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)) rails and 1,500 V DCoverhead power supply to accommodate through services.

Cars are stored and inspected at Shibuya Depot located after Shibuya Station and at Ueno Inspection Division (上野検車区,Ueno-kensha-ku), a facility located northeast of Ueno Station with both above-ground and underground tracks. The facility is capable of holding up to 20 6-car formations. Major inspections are carried out at Tokyo Metro's Nakano depot on the Marunouchi Line, forwarding over a connecting track at Akasaka-Mitsuke.

Former rolling stock

[edit]
  • 100 series (1938–1968)
  • 1000 series (TRTA) (1927–1968)
  • 1100 series (1930–1968)
  • 1200 series (1934–1986)
  • 1300 series (1949–1986)
  • 1400 series (1953–1985)
  • 1500 series (1954–1986)
  • 1500N series (1968–1993)
  • 1600 series (1955–1986)
  • 1700 series (1956–1986)
  • 1800 series (1958–1986)
  • 1900 series (1958–1987)
  • 2000 series (1958–1993)
  • 01 series 6-car EMUs, from 1983 until March 2017

The last remaining 01 series trains were withdrawn from regular service on 10 March 2017.[13]

  • A 100 series EMU car
    A 100 series EMU car
  • One of the original 1000 series cars operated on the Tokyo Underground Railway between Ueno and Asakusa. The last car was retired in 1968.
    One of the original 1000 series cars operated on the Tokyo Underground Railway between Ueno and Asakusa. The last car was retired in 1968.
  • Original 1000 series car preserved at Tokyo Subway Museum
    Original 1000 series car preserved at Tokyo Subway Museum
  • A Ginza Line 1200 series EMU in 1951
    A Ginza Line 1200 series EMU in 1951
  • A Ginza Line 2000 series set in 1977
    A Ginza Line 2000 series set in 1977
  • A Ginza Line 01 series EMU
    A Ginza Line 01 series EMU

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Shaw, Dennis and Morioka, Hisashi, "Tokyo Subways", published 1992 by Hoikusha Publishing
  1. ^Tokyo Metro station ridership in 2017Train Media (sourced from Tokyo Metro) Retrieved May 28, 2018.
  2. ^In its current form in 1939
  3. ^Yamamoto, Tsutomu; Matsukawa, Shunsuke; Hisawa, Haruo (2010)."Diagnosis of Ginza Line Subway Tunnel, the Oldest in Asia, by Acquiring Data on Deterioration Indices".Information Technology in Geo-Engineering. IOS Press:190–198.doi:10.3233/978-1-60750-617-1-190. Archived fromthe original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved22 August 2014.
  4. ^abHornyak, Tim (16 December 2017)."Heart of gold: The Ginza Line celebrates its 90th birthday".Japan Times. Archived fromthe original on December 9, 2020. Retrieved29 December 2017.
  5. ^Rea, G.B. (December 1920)."The Tokyo Subway Plans".Far Eastern Review.XVI (12): 681.
  6. ^abc帝都高速度交通営団史 (Teito Kōsokudo Kōtsū Eidan shi) (in Japanese). Tokyo: Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd. 2004.OCLC 62677722.
  7. ^abcJapan railfan manazine (in Japanese).Nagoya: Kōyūsha. 1961.OCLC 61102288.
  8. ^Metropolis,"Commute", June 12, 2009, p. 07. Capacity is defined as all passengers having a seat or a strap or door railing to hold on to.
  9. ^足立武士「CS-ATCの導入 その効果と展望」『鉄道ピクトリアル』1995年7月臨時増刊号（通巻608号）p72 – 75, 電気車研究会
  10. ^帝都高速度交通営団史, p.612
  11. ^"「営団地下鉄」から「東京メトロ」へ" [From "Teito Rapid Transit Authority" to "Tokyo Metro"].Tokyo Metro Online. 2006-07-08. Archived fromthe original on 16 May 2012. Retrieved29 May 2022.
  12. ^銀座線に新型車両１０００系を導入 [New 1000 series trains to be introduced on Ginza Line](PDF).News release (in Japanese). Tokyo Metro. 17 February 2011. Retrieved18 February 2011.
  13. ^東京を走り３３年…地下鉄銀座線０１系が営業運転終了 １２日ラストラン [Tokyo Metro Ginza Line 01 series ends revenue service after running in Tokyo for 33 years – Final run on 12 March].Iza (in Japanese). Japan: Sankei Digital Inc. 10 March 2017.Archived from the original on 11 March 2017. Retrieved11 March 2017.

External links

[edit]
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