| Kim Hongdo | |
 | |
| Korean name | |
|---|---|
| Hangul | 김홍도 |
| Hanja | 金弘道 |
| RR | Gim Hongdo |
| MR | Kim Hongdo |
| Art name | |
| Hangul | 단원, 단구, 서호, 고면거사, 취화사, 첩취옹 |
| Hanja | 檀園, 丹邱, 西湖, 高眠居士, 醉畵士, 輒醉翁 |
| RR | Danwon, Dangu, Seoho, Gomyeongeosa, Chwihwasa, Cheopchwiong |
| MR | Tanwŏn, Tan'gu, Sŏho, Komyŏn'gŏsa, Ch'wihwasa, Ch'ŏpch'wiong |
| Courtesy name | |
| Hangul | 사능 |
| Hanja | 士能 |
| RR | Saneung |
| MR | Sanŭng |
Kim Hongdo (Korean: 김홍도, 1745–c. 1806 to 1814) was a Korean painter during theJoseon dynasty. He is mostly remembered for his depictions of the everyday life of ordinary people, in a manner analogous to painters of theDutch Golden Age.[1] He was also widely known by hisart nameTanwŏn (단원).
Active during the reign of KingYeongjo and KingJeongjo, he made a profound change inJoseon painting style. By boldly introducing Western painting methods that appeared to have been learned through theQing Dynasty, he introduced a technique that revealed perspective through jokes and contrasts of colors.[2]
Kim was a member of theGimhae Kim clan. He grew up in present-dayAnsan, South Korea. At the age of 7, Kim Hongdo studied under the renowned master PyoamKang Sehwang, who was then living in seclusion in Ansan.[3] In 1766, at the age of 21, on the recommendation of Kang Sehwang,[4] he entered the royal service as a member (hwawon) of the Dohwaseo, the official painters of the Joseon court. In 1771, he painted the portrait of the Royal Heir (the future King Jeongjo). In 1773, he assistedByeon Sang-byeok when painting the Royal Portrait of KingYeongjo (1694–1724–1776).
In 1776, he painted the "Nineteen Taoist Immortals", that skyrocketed his reputation as a painter. At the same time, the new instated KingJeongjo (1752–1776–1800) commissioned him for many institutional paintings.
He died in loneliness and poverty, though the circumstances, and even the year are unknown. Depending on the source, some state that he died in 1806,[5] 1810,[6] or after 1814.[1][4]
Kim is remembered today as one of the "Three Wons," together withHyewon andOwon. He is also often joined to Owon and the 15th-century painterAn Gyeon as one of Joseon's three greatest painters.
The city of Ansan, where he spent his youth and learned his craft, has memorialized him in many ways. The district ofDanwon-gu is named after him, as is Ansan's annual "Danwon Art Festival." Many public places have been designed in imitation of his works.[7]
Various sources have various opinions about what could be a 'top ten' list for Kim Hongdo.[5][6] The most important fact is how successful was Kim Hongdo in all the various types of paintings.
Towooart provides a short notice and an argumented selection of paintings.[8] The Korean Copyright Commission lists 757 paintings, 7 calligraphies and 4 moldings for Kim Hongdo.[9] Some paintings have multiple descriptions: often a sepia version is given with a very fine resolution, and a colorful one with a lower resolution. An example is "Feast for the Pyongyang Governor" (평양감사 향안도).
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The novelPainter of the Wind,[10] by Lee Jung-myung, is centered on Gim andSin Yun-bok, who is portrayed as a woman disguised as a man.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)