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Gilles Villeneuve

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Canadian racing driver (1950–1982)

Gilles Villeneuve
Villeneuve in 1979
Born
Joseph Gilles Henri Villeneuve

(1950-01-18)18 January 1950
Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, Canada
Died8 May 1982(1982-05-08) (aged 32)
Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
Cause of deathInjuries sustained at the 1982 Belgian Grand Prix
Spouse
Joann Barthe
(m. 1970)
Children2, includingJacques
RelativesJacques-Joseph Villeneuve (brother)
Formula One World Championship career
NationalityCanadaCanadian
Active years19771982
TeamsMcLaren,Ferrari
Entries68 (67 starts)
Championships0
Wins6
Podiums13
Careerpoints101 (107)[a]
Pole positions2
Fastest laps8
First entry1977 British Grand Prix
First win1978 Canadian Grand Prix
Last win1981 Spanish Grand Prix
Last entry1982 Belgian Grand Prix
Signature
G Villeneuve

Joseph Gilles Henri Villeneuve (French pronunciation:[ʒilvil.nœv]; 18 January 1950 – 8 May 1982) was a Canadianracing driver, who competed inFormula One from1977 to1982. Villeneuve was runner-up in theFormula One World Drivers' Championship in1979 withFerrari, and won sixGrands Prix across six seasons.

A racing enthusiast from an early age, Villeneuve started his career insnowmobile racing across his native province ofQuebec. He soon progressed toopen-wheel racing, winning the regionalFormula Ford championship in 1973 before graduating toFormula Atlantic, where he won twoCanadian Championships in1976 and1977, and theAmerican Championship in1976. Villeneuve made his Formula One debut withMcLaren at the1977 British Grand Prix, impressingEnzo Ferrari, who signed him withFerrari for1978. He made an early debut for the team at theCanadian Grand Prix after the departure ofWorld ChampionNiki Lauda, and was involved in a collision withRonnie Peterson which killed two bystanders at the season-endingJapanese Grand Prix. Amidst struggles withMichelin'sradial tyres the following year, Villeneuve took his maiden podium inAustria before winninghis home Grand Prix in Canada. He won three races in1979, ultimately finishing the championship runner-up to teammateJody Scheckter by four points. Villeneuve earned widespread acclaim for his performances, including his duel withRené Arnoux at theFrench Grand Prix. After a winless season for Ferrari with the312T5 in1980, Villeneuve took back-to-back wins at theMonaco andSpanish Grands Prix in1981, earning further acclaim for his defensive tactics at the latter.

During qualifying for the1982 Belgian Grand Prix atZolder, Villeneuve died as the result of a collision withJochen Mass. He achieved six wins, two pole positions, eight fastest laps, and 13 podiums in Formula One. At the time of his death, Villeneuve was widely popular in the motorsport community and has since become an iconic figure in the history of the sport. TheCircuit Île Notre-Dame inMontreal—home of theCanadian Grand Prix since his 1978 victory—was renamed theCircuit Gilles Villeneuve upon his death. His son,Jacques, became the firstWorld Drivers' Champion from Canada in1997. Alongside Jacques, Villeneuve is an inductee of theCanadian Motor Sports Hall of Fame andCanada's Sports Hall of Fame.

Personal and early life

[edit]

Villeneuve was born January 18, 1950, to piano-tuner Seville Villeneuve (1926–1987) and his wife Georgette (née Coupal; 1925–2008) atSaint-Jean-sur-Richelieu in the province ofQuebec, Canada and grew up inBerthierville.[2] In 1970 he married Joann Barthe, with whom he had two children,Jacques and Mélanie.[3] During his early career Villeneuve took his family on the road with him in a motorhome during the racing season, a habit which he continued to some extent during his Formula One career.[4] At the time of his death Gilles was reportedly considering divorce from Joann: he had long been having an extramarital affair with a Torontonian woman.[5]

Villeneuve often claimed to have been born in 1952. By the time he made his debut in Formula One, he was already 27 years old and subtracted two years from his age to avoid being considered too old to find success at the highest level of motorsport.[6] His younger brotherJacques also had a successful racing career in Formula Atlantic,Can-Am andCART.[7] Gilles' son, also named Jacques, won theIndianapolis 500 and CART championships in 1995 and became Formula One World Champion in 1997.[8]

Early career

[edit]
Villeneuve's 1973Magnum MkIIIFormula Ford car, with which he won the Quebec Formula Ford championship

Villeneuve started competitive driving in local drag-racing events, entering his road car, a modified 1967Ford Mustang. He soon became bored by this[9] and entered the Jim Russell Racing School atCircuit Mont-Tremblant to gain a racing licence. He then had a very successful season in Quebec regionalFormula Ford, running his own two-year-old car and winning seven of the ten races he entered.[10] The next year he progressed toFormula Atlantic, where he would compete for four seasons, running his own car again for one of those seasons. He won his first Atlantic race in 1975 at Gimli Motorsport Park in heavy rain. In 1976, teamed with Chris Harrison's Ecurie Canada and factory Marchrace engineer Ray Wardell, he dominated the season by winning all but one of the races and taking the US and Canadian titles. He won the Canadian championship again in 1977.[11]

Money was an issue in Villeneuve's early career. He was a professional racing driver from his late teens, with no other income. In the first few years the bulk of his income in fact came fromsnowmobile racing, where he was extremely successful. He could demand appearance money as well as race money, especially after winning the 1974World Championship Snowmobile Derby. His second season in Formula Atlantic was part-sponsored by his snowmobile manufacturer, Skiroule.[12] He credited some of his success to his snowmobiling days:

Every winter, you would reckon on three or four big spills — and I'm talking about being thrown on to the ice at 100 miles per hour. Those things used to slide a lot, which taught me a great deal about control. And the visibility wasterrible! Unless you were leading, you could see nothing, with all the snow blowing about. Good for the reactions — and it stopped me having any worries about racing in the rain.[13]

Formula One career

[edit]

After Villeneuve impressedJames Hunt by beating him and several other Grand Prix stars in a non-championship Formula Atlantic race atTrois-Rivières in 1976, Hunt'sMcLaren team offered Villeneuve a Formula One deal for up to five races in a third car during the1977 season.[14] Villeneuve made his debut at the1977 British Grand Prix, where he qualified 9th in McLaren's oldM23, separating the regular drivers Hunt andJochen Mass who were driving newerM26s. In the race he set fifth fastest lap and finished 11th after being delayed for two laps by a faulty temperature gauge. The British press coverage of Villeneuve's performance was generally complimentary, including John Blunsden's comment inThe Times that "Anyone seeking a future World Champion need look no further than this quietly assured young man."[15]

Despite this, shortly after the British race McLaren's experienced team managerTeddy Mayer decided not to continue with Villeneuve for the following year. His explanation was that Villeneuve "was looking as though he might be a bit expensive" and thatPatrick Tambay, the team's eventual choice for 1978, was showing similar promise.[16] Villeneuve was left with no solid options for 1978, although CanadianWalter Wolf, for whom Villeneuve had driven inCan-Am racing, considered giving him a drive atWolf Racing. Rumours circulated that Villeneuve was one of several drivers in whomFerrari's team was interested, and in August 1977 he flew to Italy to meetEnzo Ferrari, who was immediately reminded ofTazio Nuvolari, the pre-warEuropean champion. "When they presented me with this 'piccolo Canadese' (little Canadian), this minuscule bundle of nerves, I immediately recognised in him the physique of Nuvolari and said to myself, let's give him a try."[17] Ferrari was satisfied with Villeneuve's promise after a session at Ferrari'sFiorano test track, despite the Canadian making many mistakes and setting relatively slow times, and Villeneuve signed to drive for Ferrari in the last two races of 1977, as well as the full 1978 season.[18] Villeneuve later remarked that: "If someone said to me that you can have three wishes, my first would have been to get into racing, my second to be in Formula 1, my third to drive for Ferrari..."[13]

Villeneuve's arrival was prompted by Ferrari driverNiki Lauda quitting the team at the penultimate race of the 1977 season, theCanadian Grand Prix atMosport Park nearToronto, having already clinched his second championship with the Italian team.[19] Villeneuve retired from his home race after sliding off the track on another competitor's oil. He also raced in the last race of that season, theJapanese Grand Prix at the Mount Fuji Speedway near Tokyo but retired on lap five when he tried to outbrake theTyrrell P34 ofRonnie Peterson. The pair banged wheels causing Villeneuve's Ferrari to become airborne. It landed on a group of spectators watching the race from a prohibited area, killing one spectator and arace marshal and injuring seven people. After an investigation into the incident no blame was apportioned and, although he was "terribly sad" at the deaths, Villeneuve did not feel responsible for them.[20]

Villeneuve sitting on his car atImola in1979

The1978 season saw a succession of retirements for Villeneuve, often after problems with the newMichelinradial tyres. Early in the season, he started on the front row at theUnited States Grand Prix West in Long Beach, but crashed out of the lead on lap 39. Despite calls in the Italian press for him to be replaced, Ferrari persisted with him. Towards the end of the season, Villeneuve's results improved. He finished second on the road at theItalian Grand Prix, although he was penalised a minute for jumping the start, and ran second at theUnited States Grand Prix before his engine failed. Finally at the season-endingCanadian Grand Prix, this time at the Circuit Notre Dame Island in Montreal (a circuit that was eventually named after him) Villeneuve scored his first Grand Prix win afterJean-Pierre Jarier's Lotus stopped with engine trouble.[21] To date, he remains the only Canadian to win the Canadian Grand Prix.[22]

In the1979 French Grand Prix Villeneuve andRené Arnoux had a memorable duel for second place.

Villeneuve was joined byJody Scheckter in 1979 afterCarlos Reutemann moved toLotus. Villeneuve won three races during the year and even briefly led the championship after winning back to back races in Long Beach and Kyalami. However, the season is mostly remembered for Villeneuve's wheel-banging duel withRené Arnoux in the last laps of the1979 French Grand Prix.[23] Arnoux passed Villeneuve for second place with three laps to go, but Villeneuve re-passed him on the next lap. On the final lap Arnoux attempted to pass Villeneuve again, and the pair ran side by side through the first few corners of the lap, making contact several times. Arnoux took the position but Villeneuve attempted an outside pass one corner later. The cars bumped hard, Villeneuve slid wide but then passed Arnoux on the inside at a hairpin turn and held him off for the last half of the lap to secure second place. Villeneuve commented afterwards, "I tell you, that was really fun! I thought for sure we were going to get on our heads, you know, because when you start interlocking wheels it's very easy for one car to climb over another."[24] At theDutch Grand Prix a slow puncture collapsed Villeneuve's left rear tyre and put him off the track. He returned to the circuit and limped back to thepit lane on three wheels, losing the damaged wheel on the way. On his return to the pit lane Villeneuve insisted that the team replace the missing wheel, and had to be persuaded that the car was beyond repair.[25] Villeneuve might have won the World Championship by ignoring team orders to beat Scheckter at theItalian Grand Prix, but chose to finish behind him, ending his own championship challenge. The pair finished first and second in the championship, with Scheckter beating Villeneuve by just four points. During the extremely wet Friday practice session for the season-endingUnited States Grand Prix, Villeneuve set a time variously reported to be either nine or 11 seconds faster than any other driver. His teammate Jody Scheckter, who was second fastest, recalled that "I scared myself rigid that day. I thought I had to be quickest. Then I saw Gilles's time and — I still don't really understand how it was possible. Eleven seconds!"[26]

The1980 season was sub-par for Ferrari. Villeneuve had been considered favourite for the Drivers' Championship by bookmakers in the United Kingdom,[27] though he only scored six points in the whole campaign in the312T5 which had only partialground effects. Scheckter scored only two points and retired at the end of the season.

For the1981 season, Ferrari introduced their first turbocharged engined F1 car, the126C, which produced tremendous power but was let down by its poor handling. Villeneuve was partnered withDidier Pironi who noted that Villeneuve "had a little family [at Ferrari] but he made me welcome and made me feel at home overnight ... [He] treated me as an equal in every way."[28] Villeneuve won two races during the season. At theSpanish Grand Prix Villeneuve kept five quicker cars behind him for most of the race using the superior straight-line speed of his car. After an hour and 46 minutes of racing, Villeneuve led second-placedJacques Laffite by only 0.22 seconds. Fifth-placedElio de Angelis was only just over a second further back.[29]Harvey Postlethwaite, who was hired by Ferrari to design the follow-on and much more successful 126C2 that won the Constructors' Championship in 1982, later commented on the 126C: "That car...had literally one quarter of the downforce that, say Williams or Brabham had. It had a power advantage over the Cosworths for sure, but it also had massive throttle lag at that time. In terms of sheer ability I think Gilles was on a different plane to the other drivers. To win those races, the 1981 GPs at Monaco and Jarama — on tight circuits — was quite out of this world. Iknow how bad that car was."[30] At the1981 Canadian Grand Prix Villeneuve damaged the front wing of his Ferrari and drove for most of the race in heavy rain with the wing obscuring his view ahead. There was a risk of being disqualified but eventually the wing detached and Villeneuve drove on to finish third with the nose section of his car missing.[31]

Villeneuve was offered a deal by team ownerRon Dennis to rejoin McLaren in 1982, which he rejected because he was nervous over ending his contract with Ferrari but optimistic that the Italian team would be competitive.[32] The first few races of the1982 season saw Villeneuve leading in Brazil in the new 126C2, before spinning into retirement, and finishing third at theUnited States Grand Prix West before being disqualified for a technical infringement. The Ferraris were handed an unexpected advantage at theSan Marino Grand Prix as an escalation of theFISA–FOCA war saw the FOCA teams boycott the race, effectively leaving Renault as Ferrari's only serious opposition. With Renault driver Prost retiring from fourth place on lap 7 followed by his teammate Arnoux on the 44th lap, Ferrari seemed to have the win guaranteed. In order to conserve fuel and ensure the cars finished, the Ferrari team ordered both drivers to slow down. Villeneuve believed that the order also meant that the drivers were to maintain position but Pironi passed Villeneuve. A few laps later Villeneuve re-passed Pironi and slowed down again, believing that Pironi was simply trying to entertain the Italian crowd. On the last lap Pironi passed and aggressively chopped across the front of Gilles in Villeneuve corner and took the win. Villeneuve was irate as he believed that Pironi had disobeyed the order to hold position. Meanwhile, Pironi claimed that he had done nothing wrong as the team had only ordered the cars to slow down, not maintain position. Villeneuve stated after the race "I think it is well known that if I want someone to stay behind me and I am faster, then he stays behind me."[33] Feeling betrayed and angry Villeneuve vowed never to speak to Pironi again.[34]

In 2007,John Hogan, the retired Vice President of Marketing at Ferrari sponsor Phillip Morris and later Jaguar Racing team principal who was at the sponsor during Villeneuve's career, disputed the claim that Pironi had gone back on a prior arrangement with Villeneuve. He said: "Neither of them would ever have agreed to what effectively was throwing a race. I think Gilles was stunned somebody had out-driven him and that it just caught him so much by surprise." A comparison of the lap times of the two drivers showed that Villeneuve lapped far slower when he was in the lead, suggesting that he had indeed been trying to save fuel.[35]

Death

[edit]
See also:1982 Belgian Grand Prix

On May 8, 1982, Villeneuve died after an accident during the final qualifying session for theBelgian Grand Prix atZolder. At the time of the crash, Pironi had set a time one-tenth of a second faster than Villeneuve for sixth place. Villeneuve was using his final set of qualifying tyres; some say he was attempting to improve his time on his final lap, while others suggest he was specifically aiming to beat Pironi.[36] However, Villeneuve's biographer Gerald Donaldson quotes Ferrari race engineerMauro Forghieri as saying that the Canadian, although pressing on in his usual fashion, was returning to the pit lane when the accident occurred. If so, he would not have set a time on that lap.[37]

With eight minutes of the session left, Villeneuve came over the rise after the first chicane and caught Jochen Mass travelling much more slowly throughButte, the left-handed bend before theTerlamenbocht double right-hand section. Mass saw Villeneuve approaching at high speed and moved to the right to let him through on theracing line. At the same instant Villeneuve also moved right to pass the slower car. The Ferrari hit the back of Mass' car and was launched into the air at a speed estimated to be 200–225 km/h (124–140 mph). It was airborne for more than 100 m (330 ft) before nosediving into the ground and breaking apart as it somersaulted along the edge of the track. Villeneuve, still strapped to his seat, but now without his helmet, was thrown a further 50 m (160 ft) from the wreckage into thecatch fencing on the outside edge of theTerlamenbocht corner.[37][38]

Several drivers stopped and rushed to the scene.John Watson andDerek Warwick pulled Villeneuve, his face blue, from the catch fence.[39] The first doctor arrived within 35 seconds to find that Villeneuve was not breathing, although with a pulse; he wasintubated and ventilated before being transferred to the circuit medical centre and subsequently by helicopter toUniversity St Raphael Hospital inLeuven where a fatalfracture of the neck was diagnosed.[40] Villeneuve was kept alive onlife support while his wife travelled to the hospital and the doctors consulted specialists worldwide. He died at 21:12CEST (UTC+2).[37] An inquiry into the accident was led by Derek Ongaro, the safety inspector forFédération Internationale du Sport Automobile (FISA),[41] which concluded that an error from Villeneuve caused him to strike Mass' car and exonerated the latter of any responsibility for the accident.[42]

Helmet

[edit]
Gilles Villeneuve helmet (Museo Ferrari)

Villeneuve's helmet had a base colour of black, with a stylised 'V' in red on either side—an effect he devised with his wife Joann.[43] Gilles' son, Jacques, started racing equipped with his father's old helmet and boots. British driverPerry McCarthy also used this design and colour scheme on his helmet, but with the design in reverse.[44]

Ferrari driverCharles Leclerc wore a one-off tribute helmet to Villeneuve at the2023 Canadian Grand Prix, using a similar design.[45]

Legacy

[edit]

In total, Villeneuve competed in 67 Grands Prix, winning six of them and achieving thirteen podium finishes.[46] At his funeral in Berthierville, former teammate Jody Scheckter delivered the eulogy: "For me, firstly, Gilles was the most genuine person I ever knew. Secondly, he was the fastest racing driver that history has ever known. He went doing something that he loved, but he hasn't left us, because the world will remember what he has given to motor racing."[47] In Villeneuve's entry inThe Canadian Encyclopedia, Bob Ferguson and Michael Gee wrote that retrospective comments were complimentary of his driving, and said he was approachable and spoke informally to the media and fans.[46] Niki Lauda said of him: "He was the craziest devil I ever came across in Formula 1... The fact that, for all this, he was a sensitive and lovable character rather than an out-and-out hell-raiser made him such a unique human being".[48]

Villeneuve is still remembered at Grand Prix races, especially those in Italy. At theAutodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari, the venue of theSan Marino Grand Prix andEmilia Romagna Grand Prix, a corner was named after him and a Canadian flag is painted on the third slot on the starting grid, from which he started his last race. A bronze bust of Villeneuve stands at the entrance to the Ferrari test track at Fiorano.[49] At Zolder the corner where Villeneuve died has been turned into achicane and named after him.[50]

"Salut Gilles" sign at theCircuit Gilles Villeneuve start-finish line

The racetrack onNotre Dame Island in Montreal, host to the Formula OneCanadian Grand Prix, was namedCircuit Gilles Villeneuve in his honour at the 1982 Canadian Grand Prix and a sign reading “Salut Gilles” was painted at the start/finish line. His home country has continued to honour him: in Berthierville a museum was opened in 1992 and a lifelike statue stands in a nearby park which was also named in his honour.[49] Villeneuve was inducted into theCanadian Motorsport Hall of Fame at their inaugural induction ceremony at theFour Seasons Hotel, Toronto,Ontario on August 19, 1993.[51] He was also inducted intoCanada's Sports Hall of Fame in 1983.[52] In June 1997 Canada issued apostage stamp in his honour.[53]

There is still a huge demand for Villeneuve memorabilia at the race-track shops and several books have been written about him. The number 27, the number of his Ferrari in 1981 and 1982, is still closely associated with him by fans. Villeneuve's son, Jacques, drove the No. 27 during hisIndyCar andIndianapolis 500 winning season withTeam Green, and has also used the number for occasional drives inNASCAR and theSpeedcar Series.[54] Canadian driverAndrew Ranger used number 27 in the 2005 and 2006Champ Car seasons, and continued using the number atNASCAR Canadian Tire Series since 2007.[55] Canadian driver and 2011 IndyCar Rookie of the YearJames Hinchcliffe adopted the number 27 for the2012 season when he joinedAndretti Autosport (former Andretti Green Racing).[56]

In popular culture

[edit]

A film based on the biography by Gerald Donaldson was announced in 2005, to be produced by Capri Films Inc, and withChristian Duguay named as the director;[57] the film has yet to materialise. A new film, to be directed byDaniel Roby, was announced as entering production in 2023.[58]

The popularFrench comics seriesMichel Vaillant byJean Graton is set in the world of motor racing and, although largely fictional, often includes real-life figures including drivers, officials and journalists. Villeneuve appears in a number of stories, and inSteve Warson contre Michel Vaillant (fr: "Steve Warson versus Michel Vaillant") becomes the 1980 World Champion (though in the 1981 season, covered inRififi en F1 ["Trouble in F1"], Graton acknowledgesAlan Jones as the real Champion)[59] and Quebec progressive rock and pop bandThe Box based their 1984 song "Live on TV" inspired by Villeneuve's televised death. In 2017, Italian rock band, The Rock Alchemist[60] wrote the song, "27" for theirElements[61] album as a tribute to Gilles Villeneuve's #27 Ferrari F1 car.[62]

Racing record

[edit]

Career summary

[edit]
SeasonSeriesTeamRacesWinsPolesF/LapsPodiumsPointsPosition
1975CASC Formula AtlanticSkiroule Snowmobile81??2695th
1976CASC Formula AtlanticEcurie Canada65??51201st
IMSA Formula Atlantic44??4801st
European Formula TwoProject Four Racing100000NC
1977CASC Formula AtlanticEcurie Canada74??51141st
Formula OneMarlboroTeam McLaren100000NC
SEFAC Ferrari20000
World Championship for MakesBMW Alpina100010NC
1978Formula OneSEFAC Ferrari161012179th
1979Formula OneSEFAC Ferrari153167532nd
1980Formula OneSEFAC Ferrari140000612th
1981Formula OneFerrari152113257th
1982Formula OneFerrari50001615th

Complete Formula One results

[edit]

(key) (Races inbold indicate pole position; races initalics indicate fastest lap)

YearEntrantChassisEngine1234567891011121314151617WDCPts.[a]
1977MarlboroTeam McLarenMcLarenM23EFord Cosworth DFV 3.0V8ARGBRARSAUSWESPMONBELSWEFRAGBR
11
GERAUTNEDITAUSANC0
SEFAC FerrariFerrari312T2Ferrari 015 3.0F12CAN
12
JPN
Ret
1978SEFAC FerrariFerrari312T2Ferrari 015 3.0F12ARG
8
BRA
Ret
9th17
Ferrari312T3Ferrari 015 3.0F12RSA
Ret
USW
Ret
MON
Ret
BEL
4
ESP
10
SWE
9
FRA
12
GBR
Ret
GER
8
AUT
3
NED
6
ITA
7
USA
Ret
CAN
1
1979SEFAC FerrariFerrari312T3Ferrari 015 3.0F12ARG
Ret
BRA
5
2nd47 (53)
Ferrari312T4Ferrari 015 3.0F12RSA
1
USW
1
ESP
7
BEL
7
MON
Ret
FRA
2
GBR
14†
GER
8
AUT
2
NED
Ret
ITA
2
CAN
2
USA
1
1980SEFAC FerrariFerrari312T5Ferrari 015 3.0F12ARG
Ret
BRA
16
RSA
Ret
USW
Ret
BEL
6
MON
5
FRA
8
GBR
Ret
GER
6
AUT
8
NED
7
ITA
Ret
CAN
5
USA
Ret
12th6
1981FerrariFerrari126CKFerrari 021 1.5V6tUSW
Ret
BRA
Ret
ARG
Ret
SMR
7
BEL
4
MON
1
ESP
1
FRA
Ret
GBR
Ret
GER
10
AUT
Ret
NED
Ret
ITA
Ret
CAN
3
CPL
DSQ
7th25
1982FerrariFerrari126C2Ferrari 021 1.5V6tRSA
Ret
BRA
Ret
USW
DSQ
SMR
2
BEL
DNS
MONDETCANNEDGBRFRAGERAUTSUIITACPL15th6
Source:[67][68]

† - Villeneuve retired from the race but was classified as he had completed more than 90% of the race distance.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^abUp until1990, not all points scored by a driver contributed to their final World Championship tally (seelist of points scoring systems for more information). Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.[1]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Diepraam, Mattijs (January 18, 2019)."World Championship points systems".8W. RetrievedNovember 5, 2020.
  2. ^Donaldson (2003) pp.11–13
  3. ^Donaldson (2003) pp.27–29
  4. ^Donaldson (2003) pp.50–51, 114
  5. ^Myles, Stephanie (May 12, 2007)."Villeneuves' rags-to-riches story".Montreal Gazette. p. D1. RetrievedNovember 18, 2020 – via PressReader.
  6. ^Donaldson (2003) p.11
  7. ^"Jacques Villeneuve (Senior) injured". Inside F1, Inc.Archived from the original on November 5, 2008. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2009.
  8. ^Donaldson, Gerald."Hall of Fame: Jacques Villeneuve". Formula One Administration Ltd.Archived from the original on March 6, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2009.
  9. ^Donaldson (2003) p.21
  10. ^Donaldson (2003) p.30–31
  11. ^Kirby, Gordon (May 2012)."Trans-Atlantic Roots".Motor Sport.88 (5):62–66.Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. RetrievedMay 14, 2020.
  12. ^Donaldson (2003) p.41
  13. ^abRoebuck (1986) p.211
  14. ^Donaldson (2003) pp.63–67
  15. ^Donaldson (2003) p.88.Denis Jenkinson noted "the smooth, confident way that he had driven" andNigel Roebuck said that he had "demonstrated enormous natural talent."
  16. ^Donaldson (2003) pp.90–91
  17. ^Donaldson (2003) pp.107–108
  18. ^Donaldson (2003) pp.95–104
  19. ^Donaldson (2003) p.111
  20. ^Donaldson (2003) pp.120–122
  21. ^Fearnley (August 2006)
  22. ^Beacon, Bill (June 7, 2018)."Gilles Villeneuve's 1978 winning car to get show drive by son at Canada GP".National Post. The Canadian Press.Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. RetrievedMay 9, 2019.
  23. ^Donaldson (2003) p.184–187
  24. ^Donaldson (2003) p.187
  25. ^Donaldson (2003) pp.194–196
  26. ^Roebuck (1986) p.208 gives the gap as 11 seconds. Walker (January 1980) reports the gap to be 9 seconds. Autosport (October 11, 1979 p. 17) reports Villeneuve's lap to be 2:01.437 and second placed Scheckter's 2:11.089, a gap being 9.652 sec
  27. ^Donaldson (2003) p.223
  28. ^Donaldson (2003) p.240
  29. ^Donaldson (2003) pp.253–256
  30. ^Roebuck (1986) p.214
  31. ^Fagnan, René (May 19, 2017)."1981 Canadian Grand Prix – Gilles Villeneuve never surrenders". motorsport.com.Archived from the original on May 9, 2019. RetrievedMay 9, 2019.
  32. ^Hughes, Mark (May 2012)."What if ...? When Gilles Villeneuve died 30 years ago, the world lost the chance to see the fastest driver in F1 history fulfill his potential in a car worthy of his talents. And it would have happened ...".Racer: 68+. RetrievedMay 14, 2020 – via Gale In Context: Biography.
  33. ^Roebuck (1999) p.182
  34. ^Donaldson (2003) p.289
  35. ^"Doubt over facts of Villeneuve-Pironi row". F1Fanatic.co.uk. 2007.Archived from the original on October 25, 2007. RetrievedJuly 24, 2007.
  36. ^Bamsey (1983) p.50, Lang (1992) pp.96–97, Watkins (1997) p.98 and Fearnley (May 2007) all write that Villeneuve was attempting to beat Pironi. Jenkinson (June 1982) writes only that he "was in the middle of a last desperate bid to improve his grid position."
  37. ^abcDonaldson (2003) pp.296–298
  38. ^Lang (1992) p.97
  39. ^Fearnley (May 2007)
  40. ^Watkins (1997) pp.96–98
  41. ^"The horrifying crash that snapped the life from race..."United Press International. May 9, 1982.Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. RetrievedMay 14, 2020.
  42. ^"Sports People; Auto Racer Cleared".The New York Times. May 28, 1982.Archived from the original on May 24, 2015. RetrievedMay 14, 2020.
  43. ^Donaldson, Gerald (1989, 2003)Gilles Villeneuve p.95 Virgin BooksISBN 0-7535-0747-1
  44. ^Garcia, Álex (June 9, 2015)."Cascos históricos: Gilles Villeneuve" [Historical centers: Gilles Villeneuve] (in Spanish). Diario Motor.Archived from the original on May 9, 2019. RetrievedMay 9, 2019.
  45. ^"Leclerc honours Gilles Villeneuve with Canadian GP helmet tribute".Autosport. June 16, 2023. RetrievedOctober 9, 2024.
  46. ^abFerguson, Bob; Gee, Michael (December 18, 2006)."Gilles Villeneuve".The Canadian Encyclopedia.Archived from the original on April 28, 2020. RetrievedMay 14, 2020.
  47. ^Jody Scheckter at Gilles Villeneuve's Funeral.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jww4exylILs
  48. ^"Legends claimed by the track".BBC Sport. February 19, 2001.Archived from the original on May 30, 2020. RetrievedMay 9, 2019.
  49. ^abDonaldson (2003) pp.305–306
  50. ^"Zolder". Inside F1, inc.Archived from the original on February 3, 2009. RetrievedFebruary 8, 2009.
  51. ^"Gilles Villeneuve". Canadian Motorsport Hall of Fame.Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. RetrievedMay 8, 2019.
  52. ^Brazeau, Jonathan (May 8, 2012)."Fan Fuel: Remembering Gilles Villeneuve". Sportsnet.Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. RetrievedMay 8, 2019.
  53. ^"Villeneuve won six Formula One races".Canadian Stamp News. October 8, 2014.Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. RetrievedMay 8, 2019.
  54. ^McDonald, Norris (September 4, 2007)."Burlington racer to be Villeneuve's NASCAR engineer".Toronto Star.Archived from the original on May 9, 2019. RetrievedMay 9, 2019.
  55. ^"A few memories of Andrew Ranger in Champ Car". Auto123.com. April 4, 2007.Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. RetrievedMay 9, 2019.
  56. ^Pappone, Jeff (January 13, 2012)."Car No. 27 is special for Hinchcliffe".The Globe and Mail.Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. RetrievedMay 9, 2019.
  57. ^"Production team named for Villeneuve movie. (archived version)". crash.net, inc. February 26, 2005. Archived fromthe original on August 19, 2017. RetrievedAugust 19, 2017.
  58. ^Charles-Henri Ramond,"Rémi Goulet et Rosalie Bonenfant dans le biopic Villeneuve".Films du Québec, May 11, 2023.
  59. ^Dossiers Michel Vaillant 'Gilles Villeneuve'Archived August 1, 2009, at theWayback Machine - review of a book on Villeneuve, published under theMichel Vaillant banner
  60. ^"The Rock Alchemist".
  61. ^"Elements".
  62. ^"The Rock Alchemist - Elements - Lion Music Record Label Profile".
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  65. ^"1976 CASC Player's Challenge Series". Champ Car Stats. RetrievedAugust 5, 2021.
  66. ^"1977 CASC Formula Atlantic".Autocourse. RetrievedAugust 5, 2021.
  67. ^"All championship race entries, by Gilles Villeneuve". Chicane F1. p. 1,2. RetrievedNovember 5, 2020.
  68. ^Donaldson (2003) pp.310–315

Books

[edit]
  • Donaldson, Gerald (2003).Gilles Villeneuve: The Life of the Legendary Racing Driver. London: Virgin.ISBN 0-7535-0747-1.
  • Bamsey, Ian (1983).Automobile Sport 82-83. City: Haynes Manuals.ISBN 0-946321-01-9.
  • Lang, Mike (1992).Grand Prix! vol.4. Sparkford: Foulis.ISBN 0-85429-733-2.
  • Roebuck, Nigel (1986).Grand Prix Greats. Cambridge: P. Stephens.ISBN 0-85059-792-7.
  • Roebuck, Nigel (1999).Chasing the Title. City: Haynes Publications.ISBN 1-85960-604-0.
  • Watkins, Sid (1997).Life at the Limit: Triumph and Tragedy in Formula One. City: Pan Books.ISBN 0-330-35139-7.
  • Villeneuve 1982 - Allan de la Plante
  • Villeneuve a Racing Legend 1995 - Allan de la Plante

Magazines

[edit]
  • Fearnley, Paul (August 2006). "Profile: Ferrari 312T3".Motor Sport. Haymarket. pp. 52–61.
  • Fearnley, Paul (May 2007). "It's war. Absolutely war".Motor Sport. Haymarket. pp. 52–61.
  • Jenkinson, Denis (June 1982). "Grote Prijs van Belgie".Motor Sport. Motor Sport Magazine Ltd. pp. 708–712.
  • Walker, Rob (January 1980). "US GP Report".Road & Track. pp. 104–107.

Further reading

[edit]
  • de la Plante, Allan; Lecours, Pierre (1982).Villeneuve. Macmillan.ISBN 0-7715-9851-3.
  • Henry, Alan (1989).Villeneuve (Kimberley's Racing Driver Profile No. 3). London: Kimberley's.ISBN 0-946132-22-4.
  • Roebuck, Nigel (1990).Gilles Villeneuve. Richmond: Hazleton.ISBN 0-905138-70-8.

External links

[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related toGilles Villeneuve.
Sporting positions
New titleAmerican Formula Atlantic Champion
1976
N/A
American and Canadian merged
intoNorth American title
Preceded byCanadian Formula Atlantic Champion
1976–1977
Succeeded byas North American champion
Preceded byBrands Hatch Race of Champions winner
1979
Succeeded by
Preceded byFormula One fatal accidents
May 8, 1982
Succeeded by

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