 | |
| Alternative names | GMRT |
|---|---|
| Location(s) | Narayangaon,Pune district,Pune division,Maharashtra, India |
| Coordinates | 19°05′47″N74°02′59″E / 19.096517°N 74.049742°E /19.096517; 74.049742 |
| Wavelength | 50, 1,500 MHz (6.00, 0.20 m) |
| Diameter | 45 m (147 ft 8 in) |
| Collecting area | 47,713 m2 (513,580 sq ft) |
| Website | www |
  Location of Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope | |
 Related media on Commons | |
TheGiant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT), located nearNarayangaon,Pune in India, is an array of thirty fully steerable parabolicradio telescopes of 45 metre diameter, observing at metrewavelengths. It is the largest and most sensitive radio telescope array in the world at low frequencies.[1] It is operated by the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics (NCRA), a part of theTata Institute of Fundamental Research,Mumbai. It was conceived and built under the direction ofGovind Swarup during 1984 to 1996.[2] It is aninterferometric array with baselines of up to 25 kilometres (16 mi).[3][4][5] It was recently upgraded with new receivers, after which it is also known as theupgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT).[6]
The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) Observatory is located about 80 km north ofPune atKhodad. A nearby town isNarayangaon which is around 9 km from thetelescope site. The office ofNational Centre for Radio Astrophysics (NCRA) is located in theSavitribai Phule Pune University campus.
One of the aims for the telescope during its development was to search for the highlyredshifted 21-cm line radiation from primordial neutral hydrogen clouds in order to determine the epoch of galaxy formation in theuniverse.[7]
Astronomers from all over the world regularly use this telescope to observe many different astronomical objects such as theSun, Jupiter, exoplanets, magnetically active stars,microquasars or binary stars with a compact object (neutron star or black hole) as companion,pulsars,supernovae,supernovae remnants (SNR)HII regions,galaxies,quasars,radio galaxies,clusters of galaxies, cluster radio relics and halos, high-z galaxies,solar winds, Inter-galactic HI absorption lines, diffuse radio emission from filaments of galaxies, possible signs oftime-variation of fundamental constants, variation of gas content with cosmic epoch,epoch of reionisation etc. .[3][6]
GMRT has produced an all sky survey namedTIFR GMRT Sky Survey (TGSS). Nearly 90% of the sky has been imaged at the frequency of 150 MHz (wavelength 2m), with an angular resolution of 25 arc second and rms noise of 5 mili Jansky per beam. Source Catalogue and FITS image files for the scientific community are freely available.[8] General public and citizen scientists can see 150 MHz image of any, supernova remnant, spiral galaxy or radio galaxy with its name or position at theRAD@home RGB-maker web-tool. Power and versatility of the GMRT has led to a renaissance in the field of low frequency radio astronomy.[9]
From this, TGSS survey, data, in August 2018, the most distant known radio galaxy : TGSS J1530+1049, located at a distance of 12 billion light years, was discovered by GMRT.[10][11]
In February 2020, it helped in the observation of evidence of the largest known explosion in the history of the universe, theOphiuchus Supercluster explosion.[12]
In January 2023, the telescope picked up a radio signal (21 cm line emission from neutral atomic hydrogen gas) which originated from 8.8 billion light years away.[13]
Each year onNational Science Day the observatory invites the public and pupils from schools and colleges in the surrounding area to visit the site where they can listen to explanations of radio astronomy, receiver technology and astronomy from the engineers and astronomers who work there. Nearby schools/colleges are also invited to put their individual science experiments in exhibition and the best one in each level (primary, secondary school and Jr. college) are awarded.
Visitors are allowed into GMRT only on Fridays in two sessions - Morning (1100 hrs - 1300 hrs) and Evening (1500 hrs to 1700 hrs).
