Giovanni Maria "Gianni"Versace (Italian:[dʒoˈvannimaˈriːaˈdʒanniverˈsaːtʃe];[a] 2 December 1946 – 15 July 1997) was an Italian fashion designer and businessman. He was the founder ofVersace, an international luxury-fashion house that produces accessories, fragrances, make-up, home furnishings and clothes. He also designed costumes for theatre and films. As a friend ofEric Clapton,Princess Diana,Whitney Houston,Naomi Campbell,Kate Moss,Madonna,Elton John,Tupac Shakur,Joan Collins and many other celebrities, he was one of the first designers to link fashion to the music world.[4] He and his partnerAntonio D'Amico were regulars on the international party scene.[5] The place where he was born and raised,Reggio di Calabria, greatly influenced his career.
Giovanni Maria Versace was born in the city ofReggio Calabria on 2 December 1946 and grew up with his elder brotherSanto Versace and younger sisterDonatella Versace, along with their father and dressmaker mother, Francesca.[10] An older sister, Tina, died at age 12 because of an improperly treatedtetanus infection.[11]
Versace was strongly influenced byancient Greek history, which dominates the historical landscape of his birthplace. He attended Liceo Classico Tommaso Campanella, where he studied Latin and ancient Greek, without completing the course. He was also influenced byAndy Warhol.[12]
Versace began his apprenticeship at a young age at his mother's sewing business, which employed up to a dozenseamstresses.[10] He became interested in architecture before moving toMilan at the age of 26 to work in fashion design.
In 1973, he became the designer of "Byblos", a successfulGenny's youthful line and in 1977, he designed Complice, another, more experimental, line for Genny.[13] A few years later, encouraged by his success, Versace presented his first signature collection for women at the Palazzo Della Permanente Art Museum of Milan.[14] His first fashion show followed in September of the same year. His firstboutique was opened in Milan'sVia della Spiga in 1978.[15]
After opening his Milan boutique in 1978, Versace quickly became a sensation on the international fashion scene. His designs employed vivid colours, bold prints and sexy cuts, which were a refreshing contrast to the prevailing taste for muted colours and simplicity. His aesthetic, which "combined luxurious classicism with overt sexuality", attracted much criticism in addition to praise.[16] He is quoted as saying, "I don't believe in good taste", which was reflected in his "brazen defiance of the rules of fashion".[16] A saying referencing Versace's rivalry withGiorgio Armani was: "Armani dresses the wife, Versace dresses the mistress."[17]
Gianni Versace often drew inspiration from historical periods like Classicism, Byzantium, the 18th century and the 1920s and 1930s. His designs reimagined elements such as Ravenna's mosaics and Roman drapery, incorporating them into contemporary fashion.[18]
From 1978, Versace built the company with the support of his family, employing his sisterDonatella as vice-president and his brotherSanto as president of the company.[19] Donatella's purview extended to creative oversight, where she acted as a key consultant to Versace. Gianni would also come to employ Donatella's husband, Paul Beck, as menswear director.[20]
Among Versace's most famous innovations was his 1982 invention of a type of super-lightchainmail called 'Oroton', which became a signature material in his outfits. His suits were inspired more by his experience in female tailoring, departing from masculineSavile Row models by crafting suits that accentuated the male form and "insisted on men as sex objects".[21]
Versace was very proud of his southern Italian heritage and infused his designs with motifs inspired by historical fashion and art movements, especially Graeco-Roman art.[20] This is evident in the company's logo, theMedusa Head and recurring motifs such as theGreek key. He also allowed his love for contemporary art to inspire his work, creating graphic prints based on the art ofRoy Lichtenstein andAndy Warhol.[16]
Versace's work was deeply influenced by art, fromGustav Klimt,Robert Delaunay andAlexander Calder toAndy Warhol andJim Dine. He often collaborated with contemporary artists and used their works as motifs in his designs. For example, one of his collections featured dresses inspired by Warhol's portraits ofMarilyn Monroe andJames Dean.[18] Versace also drew inspiration fromPablo Picasso and his appreciation for the artist extended beyond his fashion creations. He was an avid art collector and owned several works by Picasso. Following his death, 25 pieces from his personal Picasso collection were auctioned, showcasing his deep connection to the artist.[22][23]
In 1982, Versace expanded the business into jewellery and housewares, designing luxury furnishings, china and textiles for the home. He was unusual in retaining complete creative control over all aspects of his company.[24] In 1984 and '85, he contributed a specially appointed Gianni Versace Edition to theMark VII line of American luxury automakerLincoln.[25][26] In 1989, the firm expanded intohaute couture with the launch of Atelier Versace. Versace became known for employing celebrities in his marketing campaigns and seating them in the front rows of his fashion shows, the first to do so. He is also credited with inventing the supermodel vogue of the 1990s, by discovering and featuring major supermodels such asNaomi Campbell,Christy Turlington andLinda Evangelista, all of whom he featured both on the runway and in advertisement campaigns.[17]
Inside of Versace store featuring multiple designer handbags
At the time of his death, Versace's empire was valued at $807 million and included 130 boutiques across the world.[20]
Throughout his career, Versace was a prolific costume designer for stage productions and performing artists.[27] He stated, "for me the theatre is liberation" and his designs were well served by his penchant for bold colours, drapery, embellishment and an encyclopaedic knowledge of fashion history.[16] He was a collaborator at theLa Scala Theatre Ballet in Milan and designed the costumes for theStrauss balletJosephslegende in 1982 andDonizetti'sDon Pasquale.[16] He also designed the costumes for fiveBéjart Ballet productions:Dionysos (1984),Leda and the Swan (1987),Malraux ou la Métamorphoses des Dieux (1986),Chaka Zulu (1989) and theBallet du XXme Siècle.[16][27] In 1990, he designed the costumes for theSan Francisco Opera's production ofCapriccio.[28] Versace designedMichael Jackson andPaul McCartney on their 1983 "Say Say Say" video andElton John's costumes for hisThe One Tour.[16]
Versace met his partnerAntonio D'Amico, a model, in 1982. Their relationship lasted until Versace's murder. During this time, Versace was diagnosed with ear cancer.[29][30] He was declared cancer free six months before he was murdered.[31]
Versace was known for adoration towards his nieces and nephews: Santo's two children, Francesca and Antonio and Donatella's two children,Allegra and Daniel.[29]
On the morning of 15 July 1997, inMiami Beach, Florida, Versace exited his mansion and walked onOcean Drive to retrieve his morning magazines. Usually, Versace would have an assistant walk from his home to the nearby News Cafe to get his magazines, but on this occasion he decided to go himself. Versace had returned and was climbing the steps of his Miami Beach mansion whenAndrew Cunanan, aspree killer who had earlier murdered four other men (including his former boyfriendDavid Madson and real estate developerLee Miglin) shot him in the head at point-blank range with a.40 calibreTaurus PT100.[32] Versace was pronounced dead atJackson Memorial Hospital in Miami, at 9:21 am. He was 50 years old at the time of his death. Versace's murder was witnessed by his former UK senior stylist, Dean Aslett, who was on vacation in South Beach, Miami and had partied with Versace a few days prior.[33] Cunanan died by suicide on a houseboat eight days after Versace's murder.[34][35]
Cunanan was obsessed with the designer and often bragged about his close "friendship" with Versace, although this was symptomatic of Cunanan'sdelusions of grandeur: he often falsely claimed to have met celebrities.[36] However,FBI agents firmly believe that Versace and Cunanan had previously met in San Francisco, although what their relationship entailed is still a mystery.[37]Maureen Orth published a 2008 article inVanity Fair reporting that Cunanan and Versace had met briefly at a San Francisco nightclub in 1990 (according to several eyewitness claims) and that they could have interacted on further occasions because both were involved in sex-for-hire circles in Miami and San Francisco.[36][38] However, Versace's family has always steadfastly denied that the two ever met.[36] Police have said that they do not know why Versace was killed. "I don't know that we are ever going to know the answers", saidMiami Beach Police Chief Richard Barreto.[39]
In September 1997, the estate announced that Versace's brother,Santo, would serve as the new CEO of Gianni Versace S.p.A. while Versace's sister,Donatella, would become the new head of design.
In his will, Versace left 50% of his fashion empire to his niece,Allegra Versace. She and her younger brother, Daniel, inherited Versace's rare artwork collection. Allegra inherited her stake, worth approximately $500 million, when she turned 18 in 2004.[30][42]
Elton John dedicated his 1997 albumThe Big Picture to Versace.
In July 2007, a specially written ballet was performed inLa Scala, Milan to mark the 10th anniversary of the fashion designer's death.Thanks Gianni, With Love was put together by French choreographerMaurice Béjart, for whom Versace designed many stage costumes.
In 2009, the Russian Versace fan club was founded. There are 1,500 members (July 2012). The fan club is known for its lectures, excursions and actions dedicated to Gianni Versace. The staff of the club is situated in St. Petersburg, Russia.
In an episode of the Irish sitcomFather Ted, one of the main characters, Fr Dougal McGuire, refers to Versace's death by saying, "God, Ted, do you remember that fella who was so good at fashion they had to shoot him?"
Eminem makes references to Versace's murder and his homosexuality in the song "Criminal" (the closing song on his 2000 albumThe Marshall Mathers LP) through the lyrics "Hey, it's me, Versace! Whoops, somebody shot me! And I was just checkin' the mail. Get it? Checkin' the male?"
^abMartin, Richard (Richard Harrison) (1997).Gianni Versace. Internet Archive. New York : The Metropolitan Museum of Art : Distributed by H.N. Abrams.ISBN978-0-87099-842-3.
^Kautz, Justin."Donatella Versace".Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved8 February 2018.
^Michael H. Stone & Gary Brucato.The New Evil: Understanding the Emergence of Modern Violent Crime (Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books, 2019), pp. 99–104.
^abcOrth, Maureen (5 August 2008)."The Killer's Trail".Vanity Fair. Retrieved25 January 2018.
^Wilson, Scott.Resting Places: The burial sites of more than 14,000 famous persons (3rd ed.). McFarland & Company, Inc. (Kindle Edition). Kindle Location 48735.
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