 | This article mayrequirecleanup to meet Wikipedia'squality standards. The specific problem is:Non-English words and morphemes should be tagged with{{lang}} for consistent formatting, screen readers, and automated spell checkers. Please helpimprove this article if you can.(March 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Germanic names, inherited from theSuevi (who settled inGallaecia: modernGalicia and northernPortugal in 409AD),Visigoths,Vandals,Franks and other Germanic peoples, were often the most commonGalician-Portuguese names during the early and highMiddle Ages. This article deals with Germanic personal names recorded and used in Galicia, northernPortugal and its adjoining regions: territories of thekingdom of the Suebi during theearly Middle Ages from its 409 settlement to the 12th century.
"(...) Igitur dum inter nos intemptio uertitur ad diuidendum mancipia de parentorum nostrorumGuntine etRosule de neptos senatorisSiserici etEsmorice et de suos iermanos. Ideo que euenit in portione de filiosGunterodis, id est:Argiuitus,Gentibus,Tratiuigia,Recedrudi,Gaudiosus,Tequelo,Iulia, filiosStanildi,Sitiuidis,Gluscudilum,Framildi,Ruderigus,Sonobrida,Sabarigis,Argeleuba,Ostosia,Guntedrudia,Uitiza etLeuba,Guntildi,Iulia,Ragesindus,Sanildi cum sua filiaErmegundia,Seniorina,Uisteuerga,Sisulfus,Branderigus,Astruildi (...)" |
| Germanic and Latin names in a 10th-century Galician document.[1] |
Germanic names were the most common personal names in Galicia-Portugal during the early andhigh Middle Ages, surpassing Christian and Roman names in number and popularity.[2] The names, primarily ofEast Germanic origin, were used by theSuebi,Goths,Vandals andBurgundians. With the names, the Galicians inherited the Germaniconomastic system; a person used one name (sometimes a nickname or alias), with no surname, occasionally adding apatronymic. More than 1,000 such names have been preserved in local records.[3] and in local toponyms.[4]
Many of the Germanic names were composite, with the second element usually a noun with the same gender of the bearer. Others werehypocorisms formed from a composite name or deriving from it.[5] Less frequently, a name was a noun or an adjective.
These names were transmitted to the Suevi with the usual Germanic rules of inheritance,[6] which were variations (passing one element of the name;Rechiar was the son ofRechila, who was the son ofHermeric) and alliteration (names beginning with the same sound;Maldras was the son of the nobleman Masila). Full names were later transmitted from grandfather to grandson (commemoration), following a trend common until the present in most ofwestern Europe.
In addition to the conversion of many Germanic endings into Romance or Latin endings, the names had phonetic adaptations[7] such as the change of word stress from the first to the penultimate syllable, the conversion of most [þ] into [t] or [d] and the conversion of [h] into [k] before a consonant. [W] was initially preserved, although noted as [u] or [oy] before becoming [gw] (or, less commonly, [b]). These early inherited names underwent Western Romance andGalician changes from Latin, such as consonantlenition andpalatalization. This contributed to a large number of variants in recorded names; Ostrofredus was recorded in Galicia-Portugal as Ortofredus, Ostofredo, Ostouredus, Ostrofedone, Stobredo and Strofredo.[8]
The following names, used by theSuevi ofGallaecia during the fifth and sixth centuries, were recorded in chronicles, inscriptions and acts of local ecclesiastical councils:Hermericus, Heremigarius,Rechila,Rechiarius, Agiulfus,Maldras, Massila,Framta,Frumarius,Rechimundus,Remismundus, Veremundus, Chararicus,Ariamirus, Ildericus,Theudomirus,Miro, Nitigisius, Uittimer, Anila, Remisol, Adoricus,Eboricus, Siseguntia f,Audeca,Malaricus, Pantardus, Neufila, Hildemirus, Commundus, Ermaricus, Sunila, Becila, Gardingus, Argiovitus, Gomedei, Rudemirus, Ermengontia f, Remisiwera f, Thuresmuda f, Suinthiliuba f.
Many of the names, used by kings such as Miro, Rechila and Theudemirus, were used for local toponyms: Mirón,[9] Requián, Requiás and Receá,[10] Tuimil and Toimil.[11]
The following is a list of the roots used to form Germanic personal names in Galicia-Portugal and northwesternIberia. Many are related to war, victory, fame, boldness, strength and warlike qualities (bald-, funs-, hild-, gund-, nand-, rod-, seg-, send-),totemic animals (ar-, wulf-, ber-, ebur-) and weapons (brand-, bruni-, rand-, saru-); many others refer to knowledge, love and other peaceful qualities (fred-, leob-, mun-, ragi-, rad-, uin-). Some refer to the condition of ruler or master (fro-, ric-, vald-, Froya, Theodinus, Tructinus, Hendinus). Another group refers to the tribe, nation or country (conia-, fulc-, teod-, leod-, man-, truct-, gavi-, gogi-, kend-), and another appears to refer to Huns (Hun-), Suevi (Sav-), Goths (Gut-), Vandals (Vandal-), Celts (Vala-), Vendians/Slavs (Venet-), Galindians/Balths (Galind-), Franks (Frank-), Saxons (Sax-), Angles (Engl-), Danes (Dan-) and other peoples. Although some elements are identical to others found in Celticanthroponymy (And-, Dag-, -mar, -riks), others appear to be adaptations of Latin words and names incorporated in theDanube region:Florens, Fortis, Crescens.
Forms marked with an asterisk are unrecorded and hypothetical. PGmc is an abbreviation forProto-Germanic.
| Name | Proto-Germanic root | Meaning | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| ab- | *abōn[12] | "man" | Abbelinus |
| abr- | *abraz | "huge, strong" | Abragasia, Abrecan, Abronilli |
| ad- (latera-) | *haþuz | "battle, fight" | Adefonsus, Adeqisio, Aderedus, Aderico, Adesindus, Adica, Adiero, Adarius, Adila, Adileobo, Adileova, Adimirus, Adolinus, Adosinda |
| adal- | *aþalaz | "noble" | Adala, Addalinus, Adegaster, Adegundia (cp. Modern German "Adelgund(e)" = "Noble Fighter", or "Fighter for the Noble Cause", a feminine personal name), Adelasindo, Atalamondo |
| agi-, egi- (laterei-) | *agez; or *agjō | "fear"; or "edge" | Agimadus, Agio, Agiulfus, Aidio, Egeredus, Egica, Egila, Agila, Egildus, Agildus, Egilo, Ailo, Eigonza, Eileuva, Eilleus, Eimirus, Eindu, Eirigu, Eisindus, Haginus |
| agr- | perhaps *akraz | "field, open land" | Agrivulfum, Agromirus |
| aist- | *aistēn | "to give reverence" | Aistando |
| ala- | *ala | "all, wholly" | Alaguntia, Alamiro, Alaricus, Alarius, Alatrudia, Alobrida, Aloindo, Aloitus, Alvarus |
| alb- | *albaz | "elf" | Albiaster, Alvaricus, Alvatus |
| ald- | *aldaz | "old" | Aldemirus, Aldereto, Aldericus, Aldia, Aldinus |
| aldr- | *aldran | "age, life" | Aldras, Aldroitus |
| ali- | *aljaz | "other" | Alia, Alio, Aliaricus, Alifreda, Aliulfus, Aliverga, Alivergo, Aliverko, Aliverta, Alivertus, Alliefredus |
| am-, eim-, em-, en- | *haimaz | "dear" | Amingus, Eimoricus, Emila, Emilo, Emiso, Enaredus, Engildus, Entrudi |
| amal- | *amal- | "valiant, brave" | Amalilli |
| amed- | *amitaz | "continuous" | Amedon, Amedeiro |
| an- | *an- | "forefather" | Anagildus, Analsus, Anila, Anilo, Anualdus, Anulfo |
| and-, ant- | *anda | "throughout" | Andeatus, Andericus, Andiarius, Andifonso, Andila, Andilevo, Andilo, Anditio, Ando, Andosindus, Andulfus, Antemirus |
| ans- | *ansuz | "god" | Ansedeus, Ansemarus, Ansemirus, Ansemondus, Anseredo, Ansericus, Ansetrudia, Ansila, Ansileova, Ansilo, Ansiulphus, Ansiunda, Ansobrida, Ansoi, Anson, Ansuallo, Ansuario, Ansueto, Ansuildi, Ansvertus |
| aquis- | *akwesiz | "axe" | Aquisilde |
| ar- | *arnōn or *arwaz | "eagle" or "swift, ready" | Aragunti, Arosinda, Arosindus, Arualdus, Aruildi, Arumundo |
| ard- | *harduz or *arduz | "strong"/"hard" or "land" | Ardabastus, Ardericus, Ardaldus, Ardesendus, Ardilo, Ardulfus, Artemiro, Erdebredo |
| ari-, argi- | *harjaz | "army" | Arebuldo, Argeberto, Argefonsus, Argemirus, Argemondo, Argenilli, Argeredus, Argericus, Argesindus, Argeva, Argevadus, Argevitus, Argifonsa, Argifredus, Argileuva, Argilo, Argioi, Argiuolus, Argivastro, Ariulfus |
| aria- | *arjaz | "noble" | Arias, Ariastre |
| arn- | *arnuz | "eagle" | Arnadius, Arnaldus, Arnulfo |
| asc- | *askaz | "ash-tree" | Ascarigus, Ascarius, Asculfo |
| ase- | *haswaz | "grey" | Asemondus, Asileva, Asinoy, Asiulfus, Asofuda, Asoi, Asoredus |
| asp- | *aspōn | "aspen" | Asparigus |
| ast- | *astaz; or *austaz | "branch"; or "east" | Astaguerra, Asterigo, Astileuva, Astredo, Astualdu, Astulfus |
| astr-, ostr-, obstr-, stor- | *austraz | "east" | Astragis, Astragundia, Astramondus, Astratus, Astremarus, Astriverga, Astrogoto, Astruara, Astruario, Astruedu, Astruildi, Astrulfus, Obstrisinda, Ostamalus, Ostosia, Ostrofreda, Ostrofredo, Ostromirus, Astromirus, Estromirus, Storesindo |
| at- (laterad-) | *haþuz | "war" | Ataulfus, Atarius, Atericus, Aton |
| atan-, tan- | *aþnaz | "year" | Atanagildus, Atanaricus, Atanus, Tanina, Tanino, Atanitus, Tano, Tanoi, Tenildi |
| att- | *attōn | "father" | Atauldus, Attan, Attila, Attina |
| aud-, od- | *audaz | "wealth" | Audeca, Audesinda, Audila, Audinus, Audibertus, Audofredo, Audugus, Ausendus, Oda, Odemundus, Odamirus, Odericus, Odisclus, Odorica, Odoynus, Oduarius, Otualdo |
| aur-, or- | *auraz | "sand, sea" | Auresindus, Aurilli, Orosinda |
| aus-, os- | *aus- | "shining" | Osoarius, Osobredus, Osmundo, Osoredo, Osorico, Ausarigus, Osoy, Ossila, Ozandus |
| bad- (laterba-) | *badwō | "battle" | Badamundus, Bademirus, Badila, Badosindus |
| bait- | *baitaz | "ship, boat" | Baitus |
| bald-, balt- | *balþaz | "bold" | Baldemarius, Baldemirus, Balderedo, Balderico, Baldesindo, Baldila, Baldoi, Baldoigius, Baltarius, Baltino, Balto |
| bar- | *barô | "man" | Barilli, Barsilli, Baron, Baroncellus, Baronza, Barvaldus |
| bat- | *bataz | "good" | Bati, Batinus, Baton |
| baud- | *baudiz | "ruler" | Baudemirus, Baudesindus |
| baz- | *bazaz | "naked" | Bazarius |
| beg-, bag-, bec-, bac- | *bēgaz | "contest, quarrel" | Baga, Bega, Becilla, Bagesindus, Becosindo, Bagina, Bagino, Baquina, Baquino, Begica, Pegito |
| ber- | *berōn | "bear" | Bera, Bergundi, Berila, Berildi, Berosildi, Berilo, Berina, Berinus, Beroi, Berosindus, Berulfus |
| berg-, verg- | *bergaz | "shelter" | Bergas, Bergila, Vergilli, Vergina, Virgia |
| bern- | *bernuz | "bear" | Bernaldus |
| bert-, vert- | *berhtaz | "bright" | Berta, Bertamirus, Bertarius, Bertinus, Berto, Bertosinda, Bertuara, Betrulfus, Bretenandus, Vertila |
| bett-, bitt- | perhaps *bitraz | "bitter" | Betellus, Betericus, Bitilo, Bitto |
| bid- | *bidō | "request, prayer" | Biddi, Bidualdus |
| bil-, bel- | *bilaz or *bīþlan | "good" or "axe" | Bela, Belavrida, Belesarius, Belestrio, Belfonsus, Bellengo, Bellerto, Bello, Belloy, Belmirus, Billa |
| bland- | *blandiz (likely an adjective derived from *blandaną) | "to blend, make murky; to mix, mingle" | Blandila |
| bliv- | *blēwaz | "blue" | Bliviaricus |
| bon- | *bōniz | "prayer, petition" | Bonesindus, Bonilde, Bonimiro, Boninus, Boniza, Bonoi |
| bot-, but- | *bōtō | "good, profit" | Botan, Butila |
| brand- | *brandaz | "fire, sword" | Brandericus, Brandila, Brandinus, Brandiulfus, Brandon |
| brun- | *brunjōn | "breastplate" | Brunildi |
| burgal- | *Bulgar- | "Bulgarian?" | Burgala |
| ca- | *ga- | "with" | Camundus |
| canut- | *knūtaz | "bold" | Canuto |
| car-, kar- | *karō | "care" | Karmirus |
| carl- | *karlaz | "man" | Carlo |
| cart-, kart- | *krattaz | "cart, wagon" | Cartinus, Cartemirus |
| cen- | *kwenōn | "woman" | Cenabrida, Cenusenda |
| cend-, kend-, zend-, quint- | *kenþan | "child" | Cendamiro, Cendas, Cendon, Kenderedus, Kendulfus, Kindiverga, Quintila, Quintilo, Zendasindo |
| cens-, zens- | perhaps *zinz or *kwēniz | "tribute" or "woman" | Censerigus, Censoi, Zenzitus |
| conia- | *kunjan | "tribe, nation" | Coniaricus |
| cresc- | perhaps Latincrescens | "thrive" | Crescemirus |
| criz- | *krēsō | "dainty, food" | Crizila |
| dad-, ded- | *dēdiz | "deed" | Dada, Dadila, Dadilo, Dadinus, Dado, Dede |
| dag-, dac- | *dagaz | "day" | Dacamiro, Dacoi, Dagadrudia, Dacaredus, Dago, Daildus |
| dan-, da- | *daniz | "Dane" | Damiro, Damondus, Danila |
| dest-, test- | perhaps Latindexter | "right, skilful" | Destoy, Destericus, Desteilli |
| doc-, duc- | *dōgiz | "day" | Docemiro, Ducila |
| dod- | no clear etymology; perhaps related to *dēdiz | "deed" | Dodo, Doda |
| dom- | *dōmaz | "judgement, ruling" | Domerigo |
| dulc-, dolc- | *dulgan or *dulgaz | "enmity" or "law, debt" | Dulcemirus, Dolcemondus |
| ebr-, ebur-, evor- | *eburaz | "boar" | Ebragundia, Ebreguldus, Ebregulfus, Ebrildi, Eburicus, Evorinus |
| elp- | *helpō | "help" | Elperico |
| elpand- | *elpandus | "elephant" | Elpandus |
| engl- | *angilaz | "Angles" | Engladius |
| engo- | *Ingwaz | "a god" | Engomirus, Engoredus, Engorigus |
| ens- | perhaps Latinensis | "sword" | Ensalde, Iensericus |
| er-, her- | *heruz | "sword" | Erifonsus, Eroigius, Eruulfus, Herus |
| erm-, herm- | *ermenaz | "great" | Ermaldus, Ermedrudia, Ermefara, Ermefreda, Ermefredo, Ermegildus, Ermegis, Ermego, Ermegoto, Ermegotus, Ermegundia, Ermelindus, Ermemirus, Ermericus, Ermerote, Ermesinda, Ermiarius, Ermila, Ermildi, Ermileuva, Ermitus, Ermoleo, Ermosindus, Ermoygius, Ermulfo, Heremigarium, Hermecisclus, Hermellus |
| evo- | *ehwaz | "horse" | Euvenandus, Eva, Evorido, Evosindo, Ivolicus, Ibilli |
| faf- | *faff- (perhaps related to Indo-European *papp-) | "dad" | Faffila, Faffia |
| fag- | *fagenaz | "glad, joyful" | Fagila, Fagildus, Fagilo, Faginus |
| fald- | *faldiz | "fold, cloak" | Falderedo, Falgildus, Fardulfus |
| fand- | *fanþjōn | "infantryman" | Fandila, Fandina, Fandinus, Fannus |
| faq-, fak- | *fah- | "glad, joyful" | Facalo, Facco, Fakino, Faquilo |
| far- | *faran | "journey, ship" | Faregia, Farella, Farino, Farita, Farnus, Framiro, Fraredus, Frarigo, Fregulfus, Ferildi |
| fat- | *fatan | "cloth; vessel" | Fatu, Fateredus |
| fel-, fil- | *felu | "much, very" | Felellus, Felgirus, Felmiro, Filisteus, Filivertus, Filon |
| flor- | *flōraz or Latinflorens | "floor" or "blooming, prosperous" | Floresindus |
| fof- | perhaps *fōþrą | "load, wagonload" | Fofo, Fofinus, Fofellus |
| fons-, funs- | *funsaz | "eager, ready" | Fonso, Fonsa, Fonsinus, Fonsellus |
| fradi- | *fraþīn | "efficacy" | Fradegundia, Fradila, Fradiulfus |
| fram- | *framaz | "forward; valiant" | Framila, Framilli, Framtan, Framuldo |
| frank-, franc- | *frankōn | "javelin; Frank" | Francellus, Francemirus, Franco, Francoi, Francolino, Frankila, Frankilo |
| fred-, frid- | *friþuz or *frīdaz | "peace" or "fair, beautiful" | Freda, Fredamundus, Fredario, Fredegundia, Fredemiro, Fredenanda, Fredenandus, Fredericus, Fredesinda, Fredilli, Fredisclus, Fredoaldus, Fredoindus, Fredosindus, Freduarius, Fredulfus, Fredus, Fridiverto |
| froa-, frau-, frog-, froy-, fron- | *frawjōn | "lord, master" | Froarengus, Fralenko, Frogeva, Frogildi, Frogina, Frogiulfo, Froiellus, Froila, Froilo, Froiloba, Froisenda, Froisendus, Fronildi, Fronosili, Fronuldo, Froya, Froyo, Froyslo, Fruaricus, Frugildus, Fruginus, Frauino, Frumirus, Frunilo |
| frum-, from- | *frumōn and *frumistaz | "foremost, first" and "first" | Fromista, Fremosilli, Fromaldus, Fromaricus, Fromildus, Fromosinda, Fromosindus, Fruma, Frumarius, Frumellus, Frumildi |
| fulc- | *fulkan | "crow, army" | Fulcaredus |
| gad-, gat- | *gadōn | "comrade" | Gademiro, Gadenanda, Gaton |
| gael-, gel- | *gailaz | "merry" | Gaella, Gelmiro, Geloira |
| gaf-, gef-, geb- | *gebō | "gift" | Gaffo, Gebuldus, Gefera |
| gaid- | *gaidō | "spearhead, arrowhead" | Gaidus |
| gaif- | *waibjanan | "to surround" | Gaifar |
| galind-, kalend- | *galind- | "Galindian" (a Baltic people) | Galindus, Kalendus |
| gan- | perhapsgan | "enchantment"[13] | Ganati, Ganilli, Ganiti, Ganoi |
| gand- | *gandaz | "wand, staff" | Gandila, Gandinus, Gandulfo, Gandus |
| gard- | *gardaz | "house, enclosure" | Gardingus, Gardulfus |
| gas-, ges-, gis-, ger-, gir- | *gaizaz | "spear" | Gasuildi, Gera, Gesa, Gero, Geserigus, Gesmira, Germira, Gesmiro, Gesulfus, Ierulfus, Giraldus, Gismundus, Germundus, Gisovredus, Gisvado |
| gast- | *gastiz | "guest" | Gastre |
| gaud-, caud- | no clear etymology; perhaps *gaut- or Latingaudeo | "Goth" or "rejoice" | Caudemirus, Gauderigus, Gaudesindo, Gaudilani, Gaudilli, Gaudinas |
| gav-, gau-, gogi-, cogi-, gagi-, cagi-, kegi-, | *gaujan | "district" | Cagildo, Cagita, Cagitus, Gagica, Gaufredus, Gaulfus, Gavila, Gavina, Gavinus, Gega, Gegitus, Gigelus, Gogia, Gogilli, Gogina, Gogitus, Gogius, Goymundus, Guimundus, Guginus, Gugivertus, Guimirus, Guiricus, Guisenda, Goysenda, Guisindus, Kagilda, Keila |
| geld-, gild-, kelt- | *geldan | "tribute, recompense" | Geldemirus, Gildaricus, Gildo, Keltoi |
| gen-, ian-, ion- | *gennan | "beginning" | Genildi, Ionilde, Genlo, Genobreda, Gemundus, Ianardo, Ionarico |
| gend- | perhaps *gantijaną | "To make whole; make complete" | Gendo, Gendina |
| get-, git- | "glory" | Geda, Getericus, Getilli, Getina, Getoy, Gidiberto, Gitarius, Gitesindus, Gitio | |
| gisl-, viscl-, cisl- | *gīslaz | "hostage" | Cisla, Viclavara, Viscaverga, Visclafredo, Visclamirus, Visclamundus, Visclario |
| givel- | *geb(e)lōn | "skull, gable" | Givellan |
| glad- | *gladaz | "bright, glad" | Gladila |
| god-, gud- (latergo-, gu-) | *gōdaz | "good" | Godefredus, Godegildus, Godella, Godellus, Godemiro, Godenanda, Godesinda, Godoigia, Godomundus, Gudenandus, Guderedus, Guderigo, Gudesindus, Gudesteus, Gudigeba, Gudila, Gudileuva, Gudilo, Gudilulfo,Gudiverga |
| gol- | *gōljanan or *gōlaz | "to greet" or "pride" | Golinus, Gollo |
| gom-, gum- | *gumōn | "man" | Gomadus, Gomaldo, Gomaredus, Gomarigus, Gomesindo, Gomita, Gomulfus, Gomundus, Guma, Gumarius, Gumellus, Gumila, Gumito |
| gram- | *gramaz | "furious" | Gramila |
| gran- | *grannaz or *granō | "slim, slender" or "moustache" | Granilo |
| grim- | *grīmōn | "mask, helmet" | Grima, Grimaldus |
| gris- | *grīsanan or *grīsaz | "to dread" or "grey" | Grisulfus, Gresomarus |
| guald- | *waldaz | "powerful, mighty" | Gualdarius, Gualdeo |
| guandal- | *wandilaz | "Vandal" | Guandalisco, Guandalar |
| guld- | *wulþuz | "splendour" | Goldegildo, Goldredo, Guldarius, Gulderigus |
| guldr-, goltr- | *wulþraz | "wonderful, precious" | Goldregodo, Gulderes, Gualdramirus |
| gulf-, golf- | *wulfaz | "wolf" | Golfarico, Gulfarius, Gulfemirus |
| gund-, gunt-, gunz-, cunt-, gond- | *gunthz | "fight" | Gonceria, Gondella, Gondenanda, Gonso, Gonta, Gontemondus, Gontere, Gonderes, Gontoi, Gontualdo, Gonza, Guncitus, Gundarius, Gundebredo, Gundebrida, Gundelinus, Gundemarus, Gunderamnus, Gunderedo, Gunderigus, Gunderona, Gundertia, Gundesindus, Gundifortis, Gundigeva, Gundila, Gundilo, Gundisalva, Gundisalvus, Gundiscalcus, Gundivadus, Gundivaldo, Gundivera, Gundiverga, Gundon, Gundulfo, Guntato, Guntedrudia, Guntellus, Guntemirus, Gunterotis, Gunti, Guntiesclo, Guntigio, Guntilli, Gundesilli, Guntina, Guntinus, Guntuigia |
| gut- (latergod-) | *gutōn | "Goth" | Gotesendus, Goto, Gota, Goton, Gudegisus, Gutellus, Gutemirus, Gutemondo, Gutilli, Gutilo, Gutina, Gutinus, Guto, Guta, Gutumarus |
| hend-, ind-, hand- | probably related to Burgundianhendinus | "king" | Endulfus, Hamdino, Indisclus |
| hild-, ild-, eld-, ald- | *heldjō | "battle" | Alderedus, Alduarius, Eldan, Eldebona, Eldegeses, Eldegotus, Eldegundia, Eldemirus, Eldemundus, Eldesinda, Eldesindus, Eldigia, Eldinus, Eldivercus, Eldivertus, Eldo, Eldoigius, Elleca, Ildebredus, Ildefonsus, Ilderigus, Ildiverga, Ildoi, Ildoncia, Ildras, Ilduara, Ildulfus |
| ik-, eq-, ig- | perhaps *eka | "I" | Igo, Ika, Ikila |
| it-, id- | (no clear etymology) | Idiverto, Itila, Itilo, Itimondo, Itaultus | |
| iuv-, iub- | no clear etymology; perhaps Latin iuvenis "young" or metathesis of *webaną "to weave" (cf. *wesuz → ius-, *westan → iust-) | "young" or "weave" | Iovellinus, Iubarius, Iubinus, Iuuisclus, Iuvatus, Iuvericus, Iuvila, Iuvitus |
| ket-, qued-, quid- | to PGmc *kweþanan | "to say" | Kedisilo, Ketemera, Ketenando, Keti, Ketoi, Quedesendo, Quedulfus, Quidemirus, Quidericus, Quitarius, Quitoi |
| lal-, lel-, lil- | probably Latin lallus | "lullaby" | Lalla, Lalli, Lallina, Lallinus, Lallus, Lelino, Leliola, Lilliola, Lelli, Lilla, Lilli, Lillo, Lilla |
| leo- | *hlewaz | "glory, renown" | Leomirus |
| leode-, leude- | *leudiz | "man, people" | Ledla, Leodarius, Leodefredus, Leodegasti, Leodegisius, Leodegundia, Leodemiro, Leodemundo, Leoderigus, Leodesindo, Leodeuigus, Leodo, Leodulfus |
| leov-, leub- | *leubaz | "beloved" | Leovaldo, Leovegildus, Leovegoto, Leoveredus, Leoverigus, Leoverona, Leoverto, Leovesenda, Leovesindus, Leovilli, Leovus, Leuba, Leubegutus, Liuvilo, Lovoi, Lubellus, Lubila, Lubinus |
| lot- | *hludaz | "famous" | Lotarius |
| mact- (latermeit-) | *mahtiz | "power, might" | Meitinus, Matericus, Mectubrida, Meitilli, Meitulfus |
| mag- | *magenan | "might, power" | Magan, Magila, Magitus, Maniaricus, Maniarius, Magnitus, Maniulfus, Megildus |
| mal- | unclear etymology, perhaps related to *malanan | "to grind" | Malaricus, Malaredus |
| malasc- | perhaps *malskaz | "proud" | Malasco |
| maldr- | perhaps *maldriz | "flour" | Maldras |
| man- (laterma-) | *manan | "fellow" | Manildi, Manusildi, Manileuva, Manilla, Maninus, Manosenda, Manosindus, Manualdus, Manulfus, Menegundia |
| mand-, mant- | *manþaz | "kind" | Mandila, Mandinus, Mandulfo, Mantellus |
| mann- (laterman-) | *mannz | "man" | Manitus, Manna, Mannello, Manni, Manno, Manoim, Mansuara |
| marc- | *markō or *marhaz | "region, border" or "horse" | Marco, Marcosendus, Marcitus |
| mart- | perhaps *marþuz | "marten" | Martila |
| matl-, matr- | *maþlan | "assembly" | Matrosindus, Matrinus, Matroi |
| maur- (latermour-) | perhaps *mauraz or Latinmaurus | "ant" or "Moor" | Mauran, Maurentan, Maurican, Mauron |
| medum- (latermeom-) | *medumaz | "middling, moderate" | Meduma |
| mer-, mir-, mar- | *mērjaz | "famous" | Margilli, Merila, Meroildi, Mervigius, Mira, Mirella, Mirellus, Miro, Mirosinda, Mirualdo |
| mod-, mud- | *mōdaz | "anger, wrath" | Modericus, Moderido, Modildus, Modilli, Mudario, Mudila |
| mun-, mon- | *muniz | "thought" | Monefonsus, Monobredo, Munisclus |
| mund-, mond- | *mundō | "protection" | Monderico, Mondoi, Mundellus, Mundila, Mundildus, Mundinus, Mundus |
| nand-, nant- | *nanþaz | "bold, courageous" | Nandamundus, Nandaricus, Nandinus, Nandoi, Nandulfo, Nandus, Nantemiro, Nantildo |
| naust- | *naustą | "a ship-shed, boathouse" | Naustus, Naustila |
| neu-, nu- | *neujaz | "new" | Nuilla, Nuillo, Neufila |
| nit- | *nīþaz or *niþjaz | "hatred" or "kinsman" | Nitigisius |
| not- | *nauthiz | "need" | Notarius |
| of- | *ubjōn | "abundance" | Offa, Ofila, Offilo |
| old- | *hulþaz | "kind, clement" | Olda, Oldaricus |
| opp- | perhaps *ōbjanan (related to Latinopus "work") | "to celebrate solemnly" | Oppa, Oppila |
| osd- | *huzdan | "treasure" | Osdulfus |
| pant- | *pandan or *banti | "pledge" or "district" | Pantardus, Panto, Pantinus |
| pap-, pep- | no clear etymology; perhaps *pipo or Latin pāpiliō | "pipe or flute (wind instrument)" or "butterfly, moth" | Papellus, Papitus, Pappinus, Pappo, Pepi, Pipericus, Pipinus |
| penn-, pen- | perhaps Latin penna | "feather" | Penetrudia, Penus, Pennino |
| rad-, rat- | *rēdaz | "advice" | Rademirus, Rademundus, Radesindus, Radulfus, Ratario, Retericus |
| ragi-, ragn- (laterrei-) | *raginą | "advice, decision" | Ragesenda, Ragesindus, Ragian, Ragifredo, Ragimiru, Ragito, Ragolfus, Raiola, Raiolo, Reginaldus, Reimondus, Reirigus |
| rak- | *rakan or *wrakaz | "reason, talk" or "pursuer" | Rakericus |
| ram- | *rammaz | "strong; ram" | Ramila, Ramon, Ramulo |
| rana-, rani- (laterra-) | probably *rannjanan | "to run" | Ranarius, Ranemira, Ranemirus, Ranemundus, Ranilo, Ranisclus, Raniverga, Raniverta, Ranivertus, Ranosenda, Ranosindus, Ranualdus, Ranulfus |
| rand-, rant- | *randaz | "shield" | Randemirus, Randili, Randinus, Rando, Randuarius, Randulfus, Rendericus |
| raup- | *raupjanan | "to plunder, to spoil" | Rauparius |
| rec-, req-, ric- | *rīkjaz | "mighty, noble" | Recaredus, Reccafredus, Recebrida, Recedrudia, Recelli, Recemera, Recemirus, Recemundus, Recesenda, Recesindus, Recesuinda, Recesuindus, Rechiarius, Recilli, Requilli, Recinus, Recualdus, Regaulfus, Reicionda, Rekeritus, Requefonsus, Rezevera, Ricardo, Riquila, Riquilo, Riquilodo, Riquoi |
| ref- | *hrabnaz | "crow" | Refulfo |
| rem- | *remez | "rest, calmness" | Remegildus, Remesario, Remesilli, Remesindus, Remestro, Remismundus, Remisol, Rimionda |
| rest- | *ristiz | "rising up" | Restericus |
| rod-, rud- | *hrōþaz | "fame" | Rodemirus, Rodevertus, Rodosildi, Rodougus, Roelindus, Rouvredo, Rudericus, Rudesindus, Rudila, Rudilo |
| rom-, rum- | *hrōmaz | "fame" | Romarigus, Romila, Rumario |
| sala- (latersa-) | *salaz | 'hall, dwelling' | Salamirus, Salamarus, Salla |
| sand-, sant- | *sanþaz | "truth, justice" | Sandinus, Sando, Santimirus |
| sar- | *sarwan | "arm, armament" | Saroi, Saruilli |
| sax- (laterseix-) | *sahsan and *sahxōn | "knife" and "Saxon" | Saxo, Seixomir |
| scap- | *skapan | "vessel" | Scapa |
| scarc- | *skalkaz | "servant; sword" | Scarcila |
| scer- | *skīriz | "pure" | Scerinus |
| sed- | *seduz | "custom" | Sedino |
| sedeg- | *sedīgaz | "well-bred, well-behaved" | Sedeges |
| seg-, sag-, sig- (laterse-, si-) | *segez | "victory" | Sagatus, Sagildo, Sagulfus, Segemundus, Segesindo, Segestro, Segga, Segika, Segimarus, Segioi, Segomirus, Seguinus, Sigeberto, Sigefrida, Sigeredus, Sigericus, Sigesgundia, Sigesinda, Sigila, Sigu, Segio |
| sel- | *sēliz | "good, kind" | Selmirus, Seloi |
| selv- | *selbaz | "self" | Selvas, Selvatus |
| sen-, sin- | *senaz | "ever, old" | Senatrudia, Seniberta, Senildi, Senuita, Senuldo, Sinerta, Sinifredus |
| send-, sent- | *senþaz or *swenþaz | "companion" or "strong" | Senda, Sendamirus, Sendello, Sendericus, Senderiga, Sendina, Sendinus, Sendoi, Sendon, Sendredus, Senduitu, Sendulfus, Senta, Sentarius, Sindamundus, Sindi, Sindigis, Sindila, Sindileuba, Sindilo, Sindiverga, Sindo, Sinduara |
| ser- | *swēraz | "valued, honoured" | Seririgo, Serulfus, Servaldus |
| sigunt- | *sebunþōn | "seventh" | Sigunterigo |
| sis-, ses- | perhaps related toOld High Germansisu | "funerary song, ritual" | Sescutus, Sesericus, Sesina, Sesmiro, Sesmundo, Sesoi, Sesuito, Sisa, Sisebutus, Sisegundia, Sisellus, Sisildus, Sisileova, Sisilli, Sisilu, Sisinus, Sisiverta, Sisiverto, Sisivigia, Sisnandus, Sisualdo, Sisuita, Sisuldus, Sisulfus, Zisila |
| sit- | *setan | "seat" | Sitagellus, Siti, Sitividis |
| smer- | *smerwōn | "fat" | Smerlo |
| sontr-, suntr- | *sunþrjaz | "southern" | Sontrilli, Suntria |
| span- | *spananan | "to lead" | Spanaricu, Spanarius, Spanilo, Spanosendo, Spanubrida |
| spand- | perhaps *spannanan | "to join" | Spandaricus |
| spar- | *sparwaz | "sparrow" | Espallo, Sparuildi |
| speraut- | *spreutanan | "to sprout" | Sperautan |
| spint- | *spenþa | "fat" | Spintilo, Spintino |
| spod- (laterespo-) | perhaps *spōdiz | "prosperity, success" | Spodemiro, Spoderigo |
| stan- | *stainaz | "stone" | Stanildi |
| stod- | perhaps *stōdą | "a herd of horses" | Stodildi |
| strouc- | *streukanan | "to stroke" | Strouco |
| suab-, sab-, sav-, sev- | *swēbaz | "Suebian" | Sabaredus, Sabegoto, Sabila, Sabita, Sabitus, Savaracus, Savaricus, Savegodus, Savildi, Savoy, Sevegildo, Suabas, Suavar |
| sue- | *swe- | "own" | Sueredus, Suimirus |
| sund-, sunt- | *sunþiz | "south" | Sundemirus, Suntarius |
| suni-, seni-, sani-, soni- | *sunjō | "truth" | Sanigia, Seniaredus, Seniulfus, Sonegildus, Songimera, Soniaricus, Sonifreda, Sonita, Suniagisclus, Suniarius, Suniemirus, Sunila, Sunildi, Sunilo, Sunitus |
| sunn- | *sunnan | "sun" | Sonna |
| tanc- | *þankaz | "favor, grace" | Tancila, Tancinus, Tancus, Tanquilli |
| tanth- | *tanþz | "tooth" | Tandus |
| tat-, zaz- | *taitaz | "radiant; bright" | Tata, Tatina, Zazitus, Zazo |
| teg- | *þegnaz | "thane, freeman" | Tegila, Tegino, Tegio, Tegitus |
| teq- | perhaps *tēkaną or *tehwō by alteration of H to K | "to touch, to grasp" or "order, array" | Tequilo, Texilli |
| teud-, teod-, tod-, ted- (laterteo-) | *þeudō and *þeudanaz | "nation" and "king" | Teadario, Tederona, Tedoy, Teobaldus, Teoda, Teodefredo, Teodegildo, Teodegondia, Teodemirus, Teodemundus, Teodenandus, Teoderados, Teoderago, Teoderedus, Teodericus, Teodesinda, Teodesindus, Teodeverga, Teodiberta, Teodila, Teodildi, Teodilo, Teodinus, Teodisclus, Teodiu, Teodoriga, Teodulfus, Teton, Teudecutus, Teudisila, Theodivertus, Tiotevadus, Todegia, Todegogia, Toduldo, Tota, Tudiscaisum |
| tit-, tet- | *taitōn | "little boy" | Tetina, Titila |
| tors-, turis- | *þursaz | "giant" | Torsario, Turisulfus |
| trad- | *þrēdaz | "quick" | Tradus, Tradinus |
| tras- | *þrasō | "move, fight" | Tracinus, Trasaricus, Trasarius, Trasavara, Trasendus, Trasido, Trasilli, Trasiuadus, Trasmira, Trasmiro, Trasmondo, Trasoi, Trassemutus, Trasuarius, Trasuinda, Trasulfus |
| trast- | *traustaz | "strong" | Trastalo, Trastelus, Trastemiro, Trastidia, Trastina, Trastulfus, Trastivigia |
| trevu- | *trewwaz | "faithful" | Trevuleus |
| truct- (latertroit-) | *druhtiz, later *druhtīnaz | "people, army" and "lord, master" | Tructinus, Tructa, Tructemiro, Tructemondo, Tructericus, Tructesinda, Tructesindus, Tructilli, Tructus, Truitellus, Truitero |
| trud- | *drūdaz | "friend, beloved" | Truda, Trudigildus, Trudildi, Trudilo, Trudina, Trudinus, Trudulfus |
| tund-, tunt- | *tunþuz | "tooth" | Tumtuldo, Tundulfus, Tuntila |
| un-, on- | *hūnaz | "cub" and "Hun" | Uniscus, Unisco, Onaredus, Onegilda, Onegildo, Onemirus, Onesindus, Onildi, Unilli, Onoricus, Onosinda, Unemundus, Unileus, Unilla |
| vad-, guad- (latergua-, ga-) | *wadaz | "ford" | Guadla, Uaduuara, Vadamundus, Vademirus |
| vala-, guala-, quala- | *walaz; or *walhaz | "the slain, battlefield"; or "Celt" | Gualamarius, Gualamira, Gualamirus, Qualatrudia, Qualavara, Valarius |
| vamb- | *wambō | "belly" | Vamba |
| vand-, guand- | *wanduz | "wand, rod" | Guanadildi, Guandila, Guandilo, Guantaldus, Vandino, Vuanda |
| ven-, guin- | *weniz | "friend" | Guina, Guinilli, Uenildi, Guinus |
| venet-, guend-, vened-, genit- | *wenedaz | "Vendian, Slav" | Genitigia, Guendo, Venedario, Venetricus |
| ver- | *wērō | "pledge; true" | Vera, Vermundus, Veremudus |
| via- | perhaps *wīhan | "temple" | Viaricus, Viamundus |
| vidr-, vedr-, quitr- | *wiþra | "against" | Quitre, Vederoi, Vedragese, Vedrailli, Vidragildus, Vidraldus, Vidramirus |
| vidub- | *widuwaz | "widowed" | Vidubas |
| vig-, veg- | *wīgaz | "fighter" | Uegitus, Vigila, Vigilli, Vigilo, Vigiltu, Vigoy |
| vil-, guil-, quil- | *weljōn | "will" | Guiliberto, Quella, Uiliaredus, Uilloi, Gilloi, Vilesinda, Viliamirus, Vilian, Viliaricu, Viliarius, Viliatus, Viliefredus, Vilifonsus, Viligus, Vilitro, Viliulfus, Vilivado, Villavaria, Villelmus, Villisendo, Villo |
| vim- | *wīgą | "fight, battle" | Guimarigus, Uimaredus, Viman, Vimara |
| vinc- | *wenkjanan | "to move sideways, to avoid" | Venze, Vincila |
| vis-, ius- | *wesuz | "good" | Iusuandus, Uisulfus, Usegildus, Visaldus, Visaridus, Visellu |
| visand- | *wisundaz | "bison" | Visandus |
| vist-, iust- | *westan | "west" | Iusterigo, Iustiarius, Iustila, Vistemundo, Vistesinda, Iustesenda, Vistiberga, Vistisclo, Vistivara, Wistiz |
| vistr-, iustr- | *westraz | "westward" | Iustri, Uistrello, Uistrileuba, Vestregoti, Visterla, Visterlo, Vistragildus, Vistramundi, Vistraricus, Vistrarius, Vistravara, Vistravarius, Vistregia, Vistremiro, Vistresindus, Vistrevius, Vistrildi, Vistresilli, Vistroi |
| vit- (latervid-) | *witan | "knowledge" | Uita, Vidila, Vitinus, Vitisclus |
| vitt-, vict (latervit-) | *witjan | "comprehension" | Uiti, Uittina, Victemirus, Victericus, Vitarius, Vitas, Vitila, Vitildus, Vitiza, Vittimero |
| viv, oyv- | *wīban | "wife, woman" | Oyeuio, Vivildus |
| viz-, quiz- | unclear etymology, the alteration of v to qu suggests that the original word started with an hw- cluster, perhaps *hwis | "to hiss, to rush, make a rushing sound" | Quizino, Viza, Vizamundus, Vizila, Vizoi |
Elements common as the second syllable of feminine names include:
| Name | Proto-Germanic root | Meaning | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| -berta, -verta | *berhtō | "bright" | Aliverta, Raniverta, Sisiverta, Teodiverta |
| -berga, -verga | *bergō | "shelter" | Aliverga, Astriverga, Gundiverga, Ildiverga, Kindiverga, Raniverga, Sindiverga, Teodeverga, Viscaverga, Vistiberga |
| -drudia/-trudia (later-druia) | *drūd-jō | "friend, beloved" | Alatrudia, Aniedrudia, Ansetrudia, Dagadrudia, Entrudi, Ermedrudia, Guntedrudia, Penetrudia, Qualatrudia, Recedrudia, Senatrudia |
| -fara | *farō | "journey" | Ermefara |
| -freda/-breda/-brida/-vrida | *friþ-ō | "peace" | Alifreda, Alobrida, Ansobrida, Belavrida, Genobreda, Gundebrida, Mectubrida, Recebrida, Sigefrida, Sonifreda, Spanubrida |
| -fonsa | *funs-ō | "eager, ready" | Argifonsa |
| -go | *gauj-ō | "region, district" | Ermego |
| -geba/-geva (later -eva) | *gebō | "gift" | Argeva, Frogeva, Gudigeba, Gundigeva |
| -gelda | *geld-ō | "reward" | Kagilda, Onegilda |
| -isila | *-gīsl-ō | "hostage, sprout" | Teudisila |
| -goto/-godo | *gaut-ō | "Goth woman" | Astrogoto, Ermegoto, Goldregodo, Leovegoto, Sabegoto, Vestregoti |
| -cuntia/-cundia/-guntia/-gundia/-gunza/-onda | *gunþ-jō | "fight" | Adegundia, Alaguntia, Ansiunda, Aragunti, Astragundia, Bergundi, Ebragundia, Eigonza, Eldegundia, Ermegundia, Fradegundia, Helaguntia, Ildoncia, Leodegundia, Menegundia, Reicionda, Rimionda, Sigesgundia, Siseguntia, Teodogoncia, Treitegundia |
| -ildi, -illi | *heldiz | "battle" | Abronilli, Amalilli, Ansuildi, Argenilli, Aruildi, Astruildi, Aurilli, Barsilli, Barilli, Berildi, Berosildi, Bonilde, Brunildi, Desteilli, Donadildi, Ebrildi, Ebrailli, Ermildi, Framilli, Fremosilli, Frogildi, Fronildi, Fronosili, Frumildi, Ganilli, Gasuildi, Gaudilli, Genildi, Ionilde, Getilli, Gogilli, Guanadildi, Guananildi, Guinilli, Uenildi, Guntilli, Gundesilli, Gutilli, Ibilli, Leovilli, Manildi, Manusildi, Margilli, Meitilli, Meroildi, Modilli, Onildi, Unilli, Randili, Recilli, Requilli, Remesilli, Rodosildi, Saruilli, Sarilli, Savildi, Senildi, Sisilli, Sontrilli, Sparuildi, Stanildi, Stodildi, Sunildi, Tanquilli, Tenildi, Teodildi, Texilli, Trasilli, Trasuildi, Tructilli, Trudildi, Vedrailli, Vergilli, Vigilli, Vistrildi, Vistresilli |
| -leuba, -leova | *leub-ō | "beloved" | Adileova, Ansileova, Argileuva, Asileva, Astileuva, Eileuva, Ermileuva, Froiloba, Gudileuva, Manileuva, Sindileuba, Sisileova, Uistrileuba |
| -mira, -mera | *mēr-ō | "famous, excellent" | Gesmira, Germira, Giudimira, Gualamira, Ketemera, Ranemira, Recemera, Songimera, Trasmira |
| -nanda (later-anda) | *nanþ-ō | "bold, courageous" | Fredenanda, Gadenanda, Godenanda, Gondenanda |
| -rica (later-riga) | *rīk-ō | "ruler" | Odorica, Senderiga, Teodoriga |
| -rotis | *rōt-iz | "glad, cheerful" | Gunterotis |
| -rona | *rūnō | "mystery, secret" | Gunderona, Leoverona, Tederona |
| -senda, -sinda | *senþ-ō; or *swenþ-ō | "companion"; or "strong" | Adosinda, Arosinda, Audesinda, Bertosinda, Cenusenda, Eldesinda, Ermesinda, Eudisinda, Fredesinda, Froisenda, Fromosinda, Godesinda, Guisenda, Goysenda, Leovesenda, Manosenda, Mirosinda, Obstrisinda, Onosinda, Orosinda, Peruisenda, Ragesenda, Ranosenda, Recesenda, Sigesinda, Teodesinda, Tructesinda, Vilesinda, Vistesinda, Iustesenda |
| -suenda, -suinda | *swenþ-ō | "strong" | Recesuinda, Trasuinda |
| -vara | *warō | "care, attention; possession" | Astruara, Bertuara, Ilduara, Mansuara, Qualavara, Rezevera, Sinduara, Trasavara, Uaduuara, Visclavara, Villavaria, Vistivara, Vistravara |
| -vera | *wērō | "pledge, plight" | Gelvira, Gundivera |
| -vigia, -igia | *wīg-jō | "fighter" | Genitigia, Godoigia, Guntuigia, Sanigia, Sisivigia, Trastivigia, Vistregia |
| -vita, -vidis | probably related to PGmc *witjan | "knowledge, comprehension" | Senuita, Sisuita, Sitividis |
Suffixes used to derivehypocoristic feminine names include:
Elements common as the second syllable of masculine names include:
| Name | Proto-Germanic root | Meaning | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| -badus, -vadus | *badwō | "fight" | Argevadus, Gisvado, Gundivadus, Tiotevadus, Trasiuadus, Vilivado |
| -baldus, -valdus | *balþaz | "bold" | Gundivaldo, Teobaldus |
| -bertus, -vertus | *berhtaz | "bright" | Alivertus, Ansvertus, Argeberto, Audibertus, Eldivertus, Filivertus, Fridiverto, Geodevertus, Gidiberto, Gugivertus, Guiliberto, Idiverto, Leoverto, Ranivertus, Rodevertus, Sigeberto, Sisiverto, Theodivertus |
| -butus | *bōtō | "profit, usefulness" | Sisebutus |
| -fredus, -fridus, -bredus, -vredus (later-vreu) | *friþuz | "peace" | Alliefredus, Argifredus, Audofredo, Erdebredo, Ermefredo, Geodefredo, Gisovredus, Godefredus, Gundebredo, Ildebredus, Leodefredus, Monobredo, Osobredus, Ostrofredo, Ragifredo, Reccafredus, Rouvredo, Sinifredus, Teodefredo, Viliefredus, Visclafredo |
| -funsus, -fonsus, -bonsus | *funsaz | "eager, ready" | Adefonsus, Andifonso, Argefonsus, Belfonsus, Erifonsus, Ildefonsus, Monefonsus, Requefonsus, Vilifonsus |
| -fortis | probablyLatinfortis | "strong" | Gundifortis |
| -gis, -ges, -geses, -garius | *gaizaz | "spear" | Adeqisio, Astragis, Eldegeses, Ermegis, Felgirus, Gudegisus, Heremigarium, Leodegisius, Nitigisius, Sindigis, Tudiscaisum, Vedragese |
| -gaster, -bastus | *gastiz | "guest" | Adegaster, Albiaster, Algaster, Ardabastus, Argivastro, Donagastro, Leodegasti |
| -gotus, -godus | *gautaz | "Goth" | Eldegotus, Ermegotus, Leubegutus, Savegodus, Sescutus, Teudecutus, Visigotus |
| -gogia | *gaujan | "district" | Todegogia |
| -gildus, -ildus | *geld-az | "reward" | Anagildus, Aquisildus, Atanagildus, Cagildo, Daildus, Donegildus, Egildus, Agildus, Engildus, Ermegildus, Fagildus, Falgildus, Fredilli, Fromildus, Frugildus, Gaudilti, Geodegildus, Goldegildo, Leovegildus, Megildus, Modildus, Mundildus, Nantildo, Onegildo, Pabregildus, Pederagildu, Remegildus, Sagildo, Sevegildo, Sisildus, Sitagellus, Sonegildus, Tarildus, Teodegildo, Tudeildus, Trenelldus, Trudigildus, Uanagildi, Usegildus, Vidragildus, Vigiltu, Vistragildus, Vitildus, Vivildus |
| -gisclus, -isclus | -*gīslaz | "hostage, sprout" | Fredisclus, Guntiesclo, Hermecisclus, Indisclus, Iuuisclus, Kedisilo, Munisclus, Odisclus, Ranisclus, Suniagisclus, Teodisclus, Vistisclo, Vitisclus |
| -ardus | *harduz | "strong", "hard" | Ianardo, Pantardus, Ricardo, Guntato (Modern German "Gunthard" = "Strong in fight") |
| -arius (later-eiro) | *harjaz | "army, host" | Adarius, Agarius, Alarius, Amedeiro, Andiarius, Ascarius, Atarius, Aunarius, Baltarius, Bazarius, Belesarius, Bertarius, Cufarius, Donazarius, Ermiarius, Fredario, Frumarius, Gaifarius, Gitarius, Gualdarius, Guldarius, Gulfarius, Gumarius, Gundarius, Iubarius, Iustiarius, Leodarius, Lotarius, Magnarius, Mudario, Notarius, Olcarius, Quitarius, Ranarius, Ratario, Rauparius, Rechiarius, Remesario, Rumario, Sentarius, Spanarius, Suavarius, Suniarius, Suntarius, Teadario, Torsario, Trasarius, Truitero, Uandalarius, Valarius, Venedario, Viliarius, Visclario, Vistrarius, Vitarius |
| -atus (later-ado) | *haþuz | "war" | Alvatus, Andeatus, Astratus, Eugienadus, Ganati, Gomadus, Guanatus, Guntato, Iuvatus, Sagatus, Selvatus, Viliatus |
| -elmus | *helmaz | "helm" | Villelmus |
| -leus | *hlewaz | "renown" | Eilleus, Trevuleus, Unileus |
| -ramnus | *hrabnaz | "crow" | Gunderamnus |
| -ringus, -lenco | *hrengaz | "ring" | Froaringus, Fralenko |
| -licus | *laikaz | "dance, game, battle" | Ivolicus |
| -lindus | *lenþaz | "gentle, mild" | Ermelindus, Roelindus, Teodelindus |
| -leobo, -levo | *leubaz | "dear" | Adileobo, Andilevo |
| -marius, -marus (later-meiro) | *mērjaz | "great, famous" | Ansemarus, Astremarus, Baldemarius, Gresumarus, Gualamarius, Gundemarus, Gutumarus, Leudemarus, Salamarus, Segimarus, Zamarius |
| -madus | *maþ- | "good" | Agimadus |
| -mirus, -mero | *mērjaz | "famous, excellent" | Acimiro, Adimirus, Agromirus, Alamiro, Aldemirus, Ansemirus, Antemirus, Ariamiro, Argemirus, Artemiro, Aumiro, Bademirus, Baldemirus, Baudemirus, Belmirus, Bertamirus, Bonimiro, Cartemiro, Caudemirus, Cendamiro, Crescemirus, Crodemirus, Dacamiro, Damiro, Docemiro, Dulcemirus, Eimirus, Eldemirus, Engomirus, Ermemirus, Felmiro, Framiro, Francemirus, Franomiro, Fredemiro, Frumirus, Gademiro, Geldemirus, Gelmiro, Geodemirus, Gesmiro, Godemiro, Gualamirus, Guimirus, Guldremirus, Gulfemirus, Guntemirus, Gutemirus, Karmirus, Leodemiro, Leomirus, Nantemiro, Odamirus, Onemirus, Ostromirus, Astromirus, Estromirus, Quidemirus, Rademirus, Ragimiru, Randemirus, Ranemirus, Recemirus, Rodemirus, Salamirus, Santimirus, Saxomirus, Segomirus, Selmirus, Sendamirus, Sesmiro, Spodemirus, Suimirus, Sulfemirus, Sundemirus, Suniemirus, Teodemirus, Trasmiro, Trastemiro, Tructemiro, Vademirus, Victemirus, Vidramirus, Viliamirus, Visclamirus, Vistremiro, Vittimero |
| -modus | *mōdaz | "courage, anger, wrath" | Trassemutus, Vermudus |
| -mundus (later-mondo) | *mundaz | "protection, guardianship" | Ansemondus, Argemondo, Arumundo, Asemondus, Astramondus, Atalamondo, Badamundus, Camundus, Damondus, Dolcemondus, Eldemundus, Fredamundus, Gemundus, Geodemondo, Gismundus, Germundus, Godomundus, Gomundus, Gontemondus, Goymundus, Guimundus, Gutemondo, Hermundus, Itimondo, Keremondus, Leodemundo, Nandamundus, Odemundus, Olemundus, Rademundus, Ranemundus, Recemundus, Reimondus, Remismundus, Rosamundus, Segemundus, Sesmundo, Sindamundus, Teodemundus, Trasmondo, Tructemondo, Unemundus, Vadamundus, Viamundus, Visclamundus, Vistemundo, Vistramundi, Vizamundus, Zamondo |
| -nandus (later-ando) | *nanþ-az | "bold, courageous" | Bretenandus, Ermenandus, Euvenandus, Fredenandus, Gudenandus, Ketenando, Reinantus, Riquinandus, Sisnandus, Teodenandus, Vittinandus |
| -redus, -radus, -ridus (later-reu) | *rēdaz | "advice" | Aderedus, Alderedus, Anseredo, Argeredus, Asoredus, Astredo, Balderedo, Dagaredus, Egeredus, Enaredus, Engoredus, Evorido, Falderedo, Fateredus, Fraredus, Fulcaredus, Goldredo, Gomaredus, Guderedus, Gunderedo, Kenderedus, Leoveredus, Malaredus, Moderido, Onaredus, Osoredo, Provaredo, Recaredus, Sabaredus, Sendredus, Seniaredus, Sigeredus, Sueredus, Teoderedus, Uiliaredus, Uimaredus, Visaridus |
| -ricus (later-rigo) | *rīkz | "ruler, lord" | Accaricus, Aderico, Alaricus, Aldericus, Aliaricus, Alvaricus, Andericus, Ansericus, Ardericus, Argericus, Ascarigus, Asparigus, Asterigo, Atanaricus, Atericus, Balderico, Betericus, Bliviaricus, Brandericus, Censerigus, Iensericus, Coniaricus, Desterigus, Domerigo, Eburicus, Eimericus, Eirigu, Elperico, Engorigus, Ermericus, Fredericus, Fromaricus, Fruaricus, Gauderigus, Geserigus, Getericus, Gildaricus, Golfarico, Gomarigus, Guderigo, Guimarigus, Guiricus, Gulderigus, Gunderigus, Ilderigus, Ionarico, Iusterigo, Iuvericus, Leoderigus, Leoverigus, Magnaricus, Malaricus, Matericus, Modericus, Monderico, Nandaricus, Odericus, Onoricus, Osorico, Ausarigus, Pipericus, Quidericus, Rakericus, Reirigus, Rendericus, Restericus, Retericus, Romarigus, Rudericus, Savaricus, Sendericus, Seririgo, Sesericus, Sigericus, Sigunterigo, Soniaricus, Spanaricu, Spandaricus, Spoderigo, Teodericus, Trasaricus, Tructericus, Turpericus, Venetricus, Vendericus, Genitrigus, Viaricus, Victericus, Viliaricu, Vistraricus |
| -racus (later-rago) | *rakaz | "straight" | Savaracus, Teoderago |
| -rote | *rōtaz | "glad" | Ermerote |
| -sendus, -sindus | *senþaz; or *swenþaz | "companion"; or "strong" | Adelasindo, Adesindus, Andosindus, Ardesendus, Argesindus, Arosindus, Auresindus, Ausendus, Badosindus, Bagesindus, Becosindo, Baldesindo, Baudesindus, Berosindus, Bonesindus, Eisindus, Eldesindus, Ermosindus, Evosindo, Floresindus, Fortesindus, Fredosindus, Froisendus, Fromosindus, Gaudesindo, Geodesindus, Gitesindus, Gomesindo, Gotesendus, Gudesindus, Guisindus, Gundesindus, Leodesindo, Leovesindus, Manosindus, Marcosendus, Onesindus, Quedesendo, Kedesendo, Radesindus, Ragesindus, Ranosindus, Recesindus, Remesindus, Rudesindus, Segesindo, Spanosendo, Storesindo, Teodesindus, Trasendus, Tructesindus, Villisendo, Vistresindus, Zendasindo |
| -scalcus | *skalkaz | "servant" | Gundiscalcus |
| -suendo, -suindo | *swenþaz | "strong" | Reccesuindus |
| -teus, -deus, -dius | *þewaz | "servant" | Ansedeus, Arnadius, Engladius, Filisteus, Gudesteus |
| -ualdus, -aldus, -gualdus, -allo | *waldaz | "ruler, mighty" | Ansuallo, Anualdus, Ardaldus, Arnaldus, Arualdus, Astualdu, Avaldus, Barvaldus, Bernaldus, Bidualdus, Ensaldus, Ermaldus, Fredoaldus, Fromaldus, Giraldus, Gomaldo, Gontualdo, Grimaldus, Guantaldus, Leovaldo, Manualdus, Mirualdo, Otualdo, Ranualdus, Recualdus, Reginaldus, Servaldus, Sisualdo, Trasoldi, Vidraldus, Visaldus |
| -uarius, -oarius | *warjaz | "inhabitant, defender" | Alduarius, Ansuario, Astruario, Freduarius, Oduarius, Osoarius, Randuarius, Trasuarius, Vistravarius |
| -oindus | *wendaz | "wind" | Aloindo, Eindu, Fredoindus |
| -oynus | *weniz | "friend" | Odoynus |
| -uerco | related to PGmc *werkan | "work" | Aliverko, Eldivercus |
| -uigio, -uigus | *wīgaz | "fighter" | Audugus, Baldoigius, Eldoigius, Ermoygius, Eroigius, Erigio, Guntigio, Leodeuigus, Mervigius, Rodougus, Viligus, Vistrevius |
| -oytus, -vitus | probably related to PGmc *witōn | "wise" | Aldroitus, Aloitus, Argevitus, Senduitu, Sesuito |
| -ulfus, -gulfus | *wulfaz | "wolf" | Adaulfus, Ataulfus, Agiulfus, Agrivulfum, Aliulfus, Andulfus, Ansiulphus, Anulfo, Ardulfus, Ariulfus, Arnulfo, Asarulfo, Asculfo, Asiulfus, Astrulfus, Astulfus, Aulfus, Berulfus, Betrulfus, Brandiulfus, Ebregulfus, Endulfus, Ermulfo, Eruulfus, Fardulfus, Fradiulfus, Fredulfus, Fregulfus, Frogiulfo, Gandulfo, Gardulfus, Gaulfus, Geodulfus, Gesulfus, Ierulfus, Gigulfo, Gomulfus, Gresulfo, Gudilulfo, Gundulfo, Ildulfus, Kendulfus, Leodulfus, Mandulfo, Maniulfus, Manulfus, Meitulfus, Nandulfo, Osdulfus, Quedulfus, Radulfus, Ragolfus, Randulfus, Ranulfus, Refulfo, Regaulfus, Sagulfus, Sendulfus, Seniulfus, Serulfus, Sisulfus, Teodulfus, Trastulfus, Trasulfus, Trudulfus, Tundulfus, Turisulfus, Uisulfus, Venariufi, Viliulfus |
| -uldus, -guldus | *wulþuz | "splendor" | Arebuldo, Atauldus, Ebreguldus, Framuldo, Frineguldus, Fronuldo, Gebuldus, Itaultus, Senuldo, Sisuldus, Toduldo, Tumtuldo |
Suffixes used to derive hypocoristic masculine names are:
Superlative and comparative suffixes were also used in forming personal names:-iza: Boniza, Wittiza-istaz: Ariastre, Belestrio, Fromesta, Remestro, Segestro
Other suffixes imply origin or relationship:
Many of these names are alsotoponyms (towns, parishes, villages, hamlets and fields), usually in the form of a Latin or Germanicgenitive of the owner's name and sometimes preceded by the type of property (a Galician word of Latin, Germanic or pre-Latin origin) such asvila (villa, palace, estate),vilar (hamlet),castro (castle),casa (house),porta (pass, ford),agro (field),sa (Germanicsala; hall, house),busto (dairy),cabana (cabin),lama (pastures),fonte (well, spring),pena (fort),pumar (orchard) andval (valley). About five percent of Galicia's 315 municipalities have this kind of name:
Several thousand such toponyms are known in Galicia, northern Portugal, western Asturias and other territories which were part of the Suebi kingdom.