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German submarineU-995

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Coordinates:54°24′45″N10°13′44″E / 54.41250°N 10.22889°E /54.41250; 10.22889

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

German World War II submarine

History
U-995 Type VIIC/41 at theLaboe Naval Memorial
Germany
Name	U-995
Ordered	14 October 1941
Builder	Blohm & Voss,Hamburg
Yard number	195
Laid down	25 November 1942
Launched	22 July 1943
Commissioned	16 September 1943
Fate	Surrendered on 9 May 1945
Norway
Name	Kaura
Acquired	October 1948
Commissioned	1 December 1952
Decommissioned	1965
Status	Museum ship atLaboe Naval Memorial since October 1971
General characteristics
Class & type	Type VIIC/41 submarine
Displacement	759tonnes (747long tons) surfaced 860 t (846 long tons) submerged
Length	67.10 m (220 ft 2 in)o/a 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in)pressure hull
Beam	6.20 m (20 ft 4 in) o/a 4.70 m (15 ft 5 in) pressure hull
Draught	4.74 m (15 ft 7 in)
Installed power	2,800–3,200 PS (2,100–2,400 kW; 2,800–3,200 bhp) (diesels) 750 PS (550 kW; 740 shp) (electric)
Propulsion	2 shafts 2 ×diesel engines 2 ×electric motors
Speed	17.7knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) surfaced 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph) submerged
Range	8,500 nmi (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced 80 nmi (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
Test depth	230 m (750 ft) Calculated crush depth: 250–295 m (820–968 ft)
Complement	4 officers, 40–56 enlisted
Armament	5 × 53.3 cm (21 in)torpedo tubes (4 bow, 1 stern) 14 ×torpedoes 1 ×8.8 cm (3.46 in) deck gun (220 rounds)
Service record (Kriegsmarine)
Part of:	5th U-boat Flotilla 16 September 1943 – 31 May 1944 13th U-boat Flotilla 1 June 1944 – 28 February 1945 14th U-boat Flotilla 1 March – 8 May 1945
Identification codes:	M 55 055
Commanders:	Oblt.z.S. /Kptlt. Walter Köhntopp 16 September 1943 – 9 October 1944 Oblt.z.S.Hans-Georg Hess 10 October 1944 – 9 May 1945
Operations:	9 patrols: 1st patrol: a. 18 – 23 May 1944 b. 30 June – 1 July 1944 2nd patrol: a. 3 – 28 July 1944 b. 30 July – 2 August 1944 c. 17 – 19 August 1944 d. 23 – 24 August 1944 e. 26 August 1944 3rd patrol: a. 29 August – 11 September 1944 b. 12 – 14 September 1944 4th patrol: 25 September – 3 October 1944 5th patrol: 14 October – 11 November 1944 6th patrol: 30 November – 9 December 1944 7th patrol: 11 December 1944 – 7 January 1945 8th patrol: 2 February – 6 March 1945 9th patrol: a. 13 – 25 March 1945 b. 26 – 28 March 1945
Victories:	3 merchant ships sunk (1,560 GRT) 1 warship sunk (105 tons) 1 auxiliary warship sunk (633 GRT) 1 merchant ship total loss (7,176 GRT)

German submarineU-995 is aType VIIC/41 U-boat ofGermany'sKriegsmarine. She waslaid down on 25 November 1942 byBlohm & Voss inHamburg, Germany, andcommissioned on 16 September 1943 withOberleutnant zur See Walter Köhntopp in command. She is preserved atLaboe Naval Memorial near Kiel, Germany.

Design

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German Type VIIC/41 submarines were preceded by the heavierType VIIC submarines.U-995 had a displacement of 759 tonnes (747 long tons) when at the surface and 860 tonnes (850 long tons) while submerged.^[1] She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), apressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), abeam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and adraught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by twoGermaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylindersupercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, twoBrown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft)propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).^[1]

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph).^[1] When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).U-995 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in)torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteentorpedoes, and three anti-aircraft guns. The boat had acomplement of between forty-four and sixty.^[1]

Armament

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FLAK weaponry

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U-995 was mounted with a single3.7 cm Flak M42 gun on the LM 42U mount. The LM 42U mount was the most common mount used with the 3.7 cm Flak M42U. The 3.7 cm Flak M42U was the marine version of the 3.7 cm Flak and was also used by theKriegsmarine on otherType VII andType IX U-boats.

A single 3.7 cm Flak M42U gun on the LM 42U mount.

Additionally, the boat was armed with a pair of twinFlak 38 20mm "Flakzwilling" mounts immediately adjacent to the 37mm gun mount.

Sonar

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Passive sonar

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U-995 was fitted with a Royal Norwegian Navy designBalkongerät sometime during the 1960s and then removed sometime between 4 November 1971 and 13 March 1972.^[2]

An exterior view of aU-995Balkongerät^[3]
An interior view of aU-995Balkongerät^[3]

Service history

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The boat's career began with training at5th Flotilla on 16 September 1943, followed by active service on 1 June 1944 as part of the13th Flotilla. She later transferred to14th Flotilla on 1 March 1945.

Wolfpacks

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U-995 took part in fivewolfpacks, namely:

Dachs (1–5 September 1944)
Zorn (26 September – 1 October 1944)
Panther (16 October – 10 November 1944)
Stier (11 December 1944 – 6 January 1945)
Hagen (17–21 March 1945)

Fate

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At the end of the war, on 8 May 1945,U-995 was stricken atTrondheim, Norway. She was surrendered to the British on 9 December^[4] and then transferred to Norwegian ownership in October 1948. On 1 December 1952U-995 became the Norwegian submarineKaura (Norwegian K class) and in 1965 she was stricken from service by theRoyal Norwegian Navy. She then was offered to the West German government for the ceremonial price of oneDeutsche Mark. The offer was refused; however, the boat was saved by the German Navy League, DMB.U-995 became amuseum ship atLaboe Naval Memorial in October 1971.

Summary of raiding history

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Date	Ship Name	Nationality	Tonnage^{[Note 1]}	Fate^[5]
5 December 1944	Proletarij	Soviet Union	1,123	Sunk
21 December 1944	Reshitel'nyj	Soviet Union	20	Sunk
26 December 1944	RT-52 Som	Soviet Union	417	Sunk
29 December 1944	T-883 (No 37)	Soviet Navy	633	Sunk
2 March 1945	BO-224	Soviet Navy	105	Sunk
20 March 1945	Horace Bushnell	United States	7,176	Total loss

Gallery

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U-995 forward torpedo tubes
U-995 control room
U-995 hatches
U-995 diesel engine room
U-995 electric motor compartment
U-995 aft torpedo compartment
Turret logo ofU-995, referencing the board gameFang den Hut!
View of the bow
Starboard view

References

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Notes

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^Merchant ship tonnages are ingross register tons. Military vessels are listed by tonsdisplacement.

Citations

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^^a ^b ^c ^dGröner, Jung & Maass 1991, pp. 43–46.
^Wetzel, Eckard.U-995. Motorbuch Verlag; Erw. N.-A. edition (1 November 2004).ISBN 978-3613024250.
^^a ^bThis drawing is based foremost on the internal framing of the Type VIIC and photographs ofU-995's. Its dimensions and attachment points are based principally on the external framing of the Type VIIC.
^Blair, p. 819.
^Helgason, Guðmundur."Ships hit by U-995".German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved26 March 2015.

Bibliography

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Clay Blair :Hitler's U-Boat War Vol II (1998).ISBN 978-0-394-58839-1
Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991).German Warships 1815–1945, U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press.ISBN 0-85177-593-4.
Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999).German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press.ISBN 1-55750-186-6.
Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999).Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945]. Der U-Boot-Krieg (in German). Vol. IV. Hamburg; Berlin; Bonn: Mittler.ISBN 3-8132-0514-2.

External links

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Documentary about U995
Helgason, Guðmundur."The Type VIIC/41 boat U-995".German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved8 December 2014.

54°24′45″N10°13′44″E / 54.41250°N 10.22889°E /54.41250; 10.22889

v t e Type VII submarines
Type VIIA	U-27 U-28 U-29 U-30 U-31 U-32 U-33 U-34 U-35 U-36
Type VIIB	U-45 U-46 U-47 U-48 U-49 U-50 U-51 U-52 U-53 U-54 U-55 U-73 U-74 U-75 U-76 U-83 U-84 U-85 U-86 U-87 U-99 U-100 U-101 U-102
Type VIIC	U-69 U-70 U-71 U-72 U-77 U-78 U-79 U-80 U-81 U-82 U-88 U-89 U-90 U-91 U-92 U-93 U-94 U-95 U-96 U-97 U-98 U-132 U-133 U-134 U-135 U-136 U-201 U-202 U-203 U-204 U-205 U-206 U-207 U-208 U-209 U-210 U-211 U-212 U-221 U-222 U-223 U-224 U-225 U-226 U-227 U-228 U-229 U-230 U-231 U-232 U-235 U-236 U-237 U-238 U-239 U-240 U-241 U-242 U-243 U-244 U-245 U-246 U-247 U-248 U-249 U-250 U-251 U-252 U-253 U-254 U-255 U-256 U-257 U-258 U-259 U-260 U-261 U-262 U-263 U-264 U-265 U-266 U-267 U-268 U-269 U-270 U-271 U-272 U-273 U-274 U-275 U-276 U-277 U-278 U-279 U-280 U-281 U-282 U-283 U-284 U-285 U-286 U-287 U-288 U-289 U-290 U-291 U-301 U-302 U-303 U-304 U-305 U-306 U-307 U-308 U-309 U-310 U-311 U-312 U-313 U-314 U-315 U-316 U-331 U-332 U-333 U-334 U-335 U-336 U-337 U-338 U-339 U-340 U-341 U-342 U-343 U-344 U-345 U-346 U-347 U-348 U-349 U-350 U-351 U-352 U-353 U-354 U-355 U-356 U-357 U-358 U-359 U-360 U-361 U-362 U-363 U-364 U-365 U-366 U-367 U-368 U-369 U-370 U-371 U-372 U-373 U-374 U-375 U-376 U-377 U-378 U-379 U-380 U-381 U-382 U-383 U-384 U-385 U-386 U-387 U-388 U-389 U-390 U-391 U-392 U-393 U-394 U-396 U-397 U-398 U-399 U-400 U-401 U-402 U-403 U-404 U-405 U-406 U-407 U-408 U-409 U-410 U-411 U-412 U-413 U-414 U-415 U-416 U-417 U-418 U-419 U-420 U-421 U-422 U-423 U-424 U-425 U-426 U-427 U-428 U-429 U-430 U-431 U-432 U-433 U-434 U-435 U-436 U-437 U-438 U-439 U-440 U-441 U-442 U-443 U-444 U-445 U-446 U-447 U-448 U-449 U-450 U-451 U-452 U-453 U-454 U-455 U-456 U-457 U-458 U-465 U-466 U-467 U-468 U-469 U-470 U-471 U-472 U-473 U-475 U-476 U-477 U-478 U-479 U-480 U-481 U-482 U-483 U-484 U-485 U-486 U-551 U-552 U-553 U-554 U-555 U-556 U-557 U-558 U-559 U-560 U-561 U-562 U-563 U-564 U-565 U-566 U-567 U-568 U-569 U-570 U-571 U-572 U-573 U-574 U-575 U-576 U-577 U-578 U-579 U-580 U-581 U-582 U-583 U-584 U-585 U-586 U-587 U-588 U-589 U-590 U-591 U-592 U-593 U-594 U-595 U-596 U-597 U-598 U-599 U-600 U-601 U-602 U-603 U-604 U-605 U-606 U-607 U-608 U-609 U-610 U-611 U-612 U-613 U-614 U-615 U-616 U-617 U-618 U-619 U-620 U-621 U-622 U-623 U-624 U-625 U-626 U-627 U-628 U-629 U-630 U-631 U-632 U-633 U-634 U-635 U-636 U-637 U-638 U-639 U-640 U-641 U-642 U-643 U-644 U-645 U-646 U-647 U-648 U-649 U-650 U-651 U-652 U-653 U-654 U-655 U-656 U-657 U-658 U-659 U-660 U-661 U-662 U-663 U-664 U-665 U-666 U-667 U-668 U-669 U-670 U-671 U-672 U-673 U-674 U-675 U-676 U-677 U-678 U-679 U-680 U-681 U-682 U-683 U-701 U-702 U-703 U-704 U-705 U-706 U-707 U-708 U-709 U-710 U-711 U-712 U-713 U-714 U-715 U-716 U-717 U-718 U-719 U-720 U-721 U-722 U-731 U-732 U-733 U-734 U-735 U-736 U-737 U-738 U-739 U-740 U-741 U-742 U-743 U-744 U-745 U-746 U-747 U-748 U-749 U-750 U-751 U-752 U-753 U-754 U-755 U-756 U-757 U-758 U-759 U-760 U-761 U-762 U-763 U-764 U-765 U-766 U-767 U-768 U-771 U-772 U-773 U-774 U-775 U-776 U-777 U-778 U-779 U-821 U-822 U-825 U-826 U-901 U-903 U-904 U-905 U-907 U-921 U-922 U-923 U-924 U-925 U-926 U-927 U-928 U-951 U-952 U-953 U-954 U-955 U-956 U-957 U-958 U-959 U-960 U-961 U-962 U-963 U-964 U-965 U-966 U-967 U-968 U-969 U-970 U-971 U-972 U-973 U-974 U-975 U-976 U-977 U-978 U-979 U-980 U-981 U-982 U-983 U-984 U-985 U-986 U-987 U-988 U-989 U-990 U-991 U-992 U-993 U-994 U-1051 U-1052 U-1053 U-1054 U-1055 U-1056 U-1057 U-1058 U-1101 U-1102 U-1131 U-1132 U-1161 U-1162 U-1191 U-1192 U-1193 U-1194 U-1195 U-1196 U-1197 U-1198 U-1199 U-1200 U-1201 U-1202 U-1203 U-1204 U-1205 U-1206 U-1207 U-1208 U-1209 U-1210
Type VIIC/41	U-292 U-293 U-294 U-295 U-296 U-297 U-298 U-299 U-300 U-317 U-318 U-319 U-320 U-321 U-322 U-323 U-324 U-325 U-326 U-327 U-328 U-691 U-827 U-828 U-929 U-930 U-995 U-997 U-998 U-999 U-1000 U-1001 U-1002 U-1003 U-1004 U-1005 U-1006 U-1007 U-1008 U-1009 U-1010 U-1011 U-1013 U-1014 U-1015 U-1016 U-1017 U-1018 U-1019 U-1020 U-1021 U-1022 U-1023 U-1024 U-1025 U-1063 U-1064 U-1065 U-1103 U-1104 U-1105 U-1106 U-1107 U-1108 U-1109 U-1110 U-1163 U-1164 U-1165 U-1166 U-1167 U-1168 U-1169 U-1170 U-1171 U-1172 U-1271 U-1272 U-1273 U-1274 U-1275 U-1276 U-1277 U-1278 U-1279 U-1301 U-1302 U-1303 U-1304 U-1305 U-1306 U-1307 U-1308
Type VIID	U-213 U-214 U-215 U-216 U-217 U-218
Type VIIF	U-1059 U-1060 U-1061 U-1062
Preceded by:Type II Followed by:Type IX List of U-boats of Germany