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German submarineU-591

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German World War II submarine

History




Nazi Germany
Name	U-591
Ordered	16 January 1940
Builder	Blohm & Voss,Hamburg
Yard number	567
Laid down	30 October 1940
Launched	20 August 1941
Commissioned	9 October 1941
Fate	Sunk on 30 July 1943 in theSouth Atlantic nearPernambuco in position08°36′S34°34′W / 8.600°S 34.567°W /-8.600; -34.567, by depth charges from a USLockheed Ventura aircraft.


General characteristics
Class & type	Type VIIC submarine
Displacement	769tonnes (757long tons) surfaced 871 t (857 long tons) submerged
Length	67.10 m (220 ft 2 in)o/a 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in)pressure hull
Beam	6.20 m (20 ft 4 in) o/a 4.70 m (15 ft 5 in) pressure hull
Height	9.60 m (31 ft 6 in)
Draught	4.74 m (15 ft 7 in)
Installed power	2,800–3,200 PS (2,100–2,400 kW; 2,800–3,200 bhp) (diesels) 750 PS (550 kW; 740 shp) (electric)
Propulsion	2 shafts 2 ×diesel engines 2 ×electric motors
Speed	17.7knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) surfaced 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph) submerged
Range	8,500 nmi (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced 80 nmi (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
Test depth	230 m (750 ft) Crush depth: 250–295 m (820–968 ft)
Complement	4 officers, 40–56 enlisted
Armament	5 × 53.3 cm (21 in)torpedo tubes (four bow, one stern) 14 ×torpedoesor 26 TMAmines 1 ×8.8 cm (3.46 in) deck gun (220 rounds) 1 x2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 AA gun


Service record^[1]
Part of	6th U-boat Flotilla 9 October 1941 – 30 June 1942 11th U-boat Flotilla 1 July 1942 – 31 May 1943 9th U-boat Flotilla 1 June – 30 July 1943
Identification codes	M 37 230
Commanders	Kptlt. Hans-Jürgen Zetzsche 9 October 1941 – 8 September 1942 Oblt.z.S. Peter Schrewe 9 September – 12 November 1942 Kptlt. Hans-Jürgen Zetzsche 12 November 1942 – 17 May 1943 Lt.z.S. Joachim Sauerbier 15 – 17 May 1943 Oblt.z.S. Reimar Ziesmer 1 June – 30 July 1943
Operations	8 patrols: 1st patrol: 15 January – 20 February 1942 2nd patrol: 1 – 11 April 1942 3rd patrol: a. 10 May – 2 June 1942 b. 4 – 7 June 1942 4th patrol: a. 27 July – 14 August 1942 b. 22 – 24 August 1942 c. 27 August 1942 d. 28 – 29 August 1942 e. 8 – 9 September 1942 f. 11 – 12 September 1942 5th patrol: 1 December 1942 – 12 January 1943 6th patrol: 17 February – 7 April 1943 7th patrol: 12 – 17 May 1943 8th patrol: 26 June – 30 July 1943
Victories	4 merchant ships sunk (19,932 GRT) 1 merchant ship damaged (5,701 GRT)

German submarineU-591 was aType VIIC U-boat built forNazi Germany'sKriegsmarine for service duringWorld War II.She waslaid down on 30 October 1940 byBlohm & Voss,Hamburg as yard number 567,launched on 20 August 1941 andcommissioned on 9 October 1941 underKapitänleutnant Hans-Jürgen Zetzsche.

Design

[edit]

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorterType VIIB submarines.U-591 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged.^[2] She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), apressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), abeam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and adraught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by twoGermaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylindersupercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, twoBrown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft)propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).^[2]

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph).^[2] When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).U-591 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in)torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteentorpedoes, one8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had acomplement of between forty-four and sixty.^[2]

Service history

[edit]

The boat's service began on 9 October 1941 with training, followed by active service as part of the6th U-boat Flotilla. She was transferred to the11th Flotilla on 1 July 1942 for active service in theNorth Atlantic operating out ofBergen. The following year, on 1 June 1943, she transferred to9th Flotilla operating ofBrest, France.

In 8 patrols she sank four merchant ships, for a total of 19,932 gross register tons (GRT), plus one merchant ship damaged.

Convoy ONS 154

[edit]

The first victim ofConvoy ONS 154 was the 5,701-GRT Norwegian freighterNorse King, the second in column eleven, on 28 December 1942.U-591 torpedo hit her at 20:04. Badly damaged,Norse King attempted to limp to theAzores but was found byU-435 and sent to the bottom.
U-591’s second success was the badly damaged and abandoned 4,871-GRTUnited Africa Company freighterZarian with a single torpedo, although she missed theBaron Cochrane

Convoy SC 121

[edit]

Having recently returned to sea after a long recovery from gunshot wounds, Hans-Jürgen Zetzsche was on target withConvoy SC 121 when he sighted theEmpire Impala, hove-to picking up survivors from the torpedoedEgyptian, on 7 March 1943. Of the combined crew of 80 men, from bothEgyptian andEmpire Impala, only 3 survived.

Fate

[edit]

U-591 was sunk on 30 July 1943 in theSouth Atlantic nearPernambuco in position08°36′S34°34′W / 8.600°S 34.567°W /-8.600; -34.567; depth charged by a USLockheed Ventura aircraft ofVB-127. There were 19 dead and 28 survivors.

Wolfpacks

[edit]

U-591 took part in ninewolfpacks, namely:

Schlei (21 January – 12 February 1942)
Bums (6 – 10 April 1942)
Greif (14 – 29 May 1942)
Nebelkönig (27 July – 13 August 1942)
Ungestüm (11 – 30 December 1942)
Sturmbock (21 – 26 February 1943)
Wildfang (26 February – 5 March 1943)
Westmark (6 – 11 March 1943)
Seewolf (21 – 30 March 1943)

Summary of raiding history

[edit]

Date	Ship Name	Nationality	Tonnage (GRT)	Fate^[3]
21 December 1942	Montreal City	United Kingdom	3,066	Sunk
28 December 1942	Norse King	Norway	5,701	Damaged
29 December 1942	Zarian	United Kingdom	4,871	Sunk
7 March 1943	Empire Impala	United Kingdom	6,116	Sunk
8 March 1943	Vojvoda Putnik	Yugoslavia	5,879	Sunk

References

[edit]

^Helgason, Guðmundur."The Type VIIC boat U-591".German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved11 June 2014.
^^a ^b ^c ^dGröner 1991, pp. 43–46.
^Helgason, Guðmundur."Ships hit by U-591".German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved11 June 2014.

Bibliography

[edit]

Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999).German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press.ISBN 1-55750-186-6.
Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999).Der U-Boot-Krieg, 1939-1945: Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945] (in German). Vol. IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler.ISBN 3-8132-0514-2.
Edwards, Bernard (1996).Dönitz and the Wolf Packs - The U-boats at War. Cassell. pp. 137, 138,167–169.ISBN 0-304-35203-9.
Gröner, Eric; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991).German Warships 1815-1945: U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press.ISBN 0-85177-593-4.
Sharpe, Peter (1998).U-Boat Fact File. Great Britain: Midland Publishing.ISBN 1-85780-072-9.

External links

[edit]

Helgason, Guðmundur."The Type VIIC boat U-591".German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved29 December 2014.

v t e Type VII submarines
Type VIIA	U-27 U-28 U-29 U-30 U-31 U-32 U-33 U-34 U-35 U-36
Type VIIB	U-45 U-46 U-47 U-48 U-49 U-50 U-51 U-52 U-53 U-54 U-55 U-73 U-74 U-75 U-76 U-83 U-84 U-85 U-86 U-87 U-99 U-100 U-101 U-102
Type VIIC	U-69 U-70 U-71 U-72 U-77 U-78 U-79 U-80 U-81 U-82 U-88 U-89 U-90 U-91 U-92 U-93 U-94 U-95 U-96 U-97 U-98 U-132 U-133 U-134 U-135 U-136 U-201 U-202 U-203 U-204 U-205 U-206 U-207 U-208 U-209 U-210 U-211 U-212 U-221 U-222 U-223 U-224 U-225 U-226 U-227 U-228 U-229 U-230 U-231 U-232 U-235 U-236 U-237 U-238 U-239 U-240 U-241 U-242 U-243 U-244 U-245 U-246 U-247 U-248 U-249 U-250 U-251 U-252 U-253 U-254 U-255 U-256 U-257 U-258 U-259 U-260 U-261 U-262 U-263 U-264 U-265 U-266 U-267 U-268 U-269 U-270 U-271 U-272 U-273 U-274 U-275 U-276 U-277 U-278 U-279 U-280 U-281 U-282 U-283 U-284 U-285 U-286 U-287 U-288 U-289 U-290 U-291 U-301 U-302 U-303 U-304 U-305 U-306 U-307 U-308 U-309 U-310 U-311 U-312 U-313 U-314 U-315 U-316 U-331 U-332 U-333 U-334 U-335 U-336 U-337 U-338 U-339 U-340 U-341 U-342 U-343 U-344 U-345 U-346 U-347 U-348 U-349 U-350 U-351 U-352 U-353 U-354 U-355 U-356 U-357 U-358 U-359 U-360 U-361 U-362 U-363 U-364 U-365 U-366 U-367 U-368 U-369 U-370 U-371 U-372 U-373 U-374 U-375 U-376 U-377 U-378 U-379 U-380 U-381 U-382 U-383 U-384 U-385 U-386 U-387 U-388 U-389 U-390 U-391 U-392 U-393 U-394 U-396 U-397 U-398 U-399 U-400 U-401 U-402 U-403 U-404 U-405 U-406 U-407 U-408 U-409 U-410 U-411 U-412 U-413 U-414 U-415 U-416 U-417 U-418 U-419 U-420 U-421 U-422 U-423 U-424 U-425 U-426 U-427 U-428 U-429 U-430 U-431 U-432 U-433 U-434 U-435 U-436 U-437 U-438 U-439 U-440 U-441 U-442 U-443 U-444 U-445 U-446 U-447 U-448 U-449 U-450 U-451 U-452 U-453 U-454 U-455 U-456 U-457 U-458 U-465 U-466 U-467 U-468 U-469 U-470 U-471 U-472 U-473 U-475 U-476 U-477 U-478 U-479 U-480 U-481 U-482 U-483 U-484 U-485 U-486 U-551 U-552 U-553 U-554 U-555 U-556 U-557 U-558 U-559 U-560 U-561 U-562 U-563 U-564 U-565 U-566 U-567 U-568 U-569 U-570 U-571 U-572 U-573 U-574 U-575 U-576 U-577 U-578 U-579 U-580 U-581 U-582 U-583 U-584 U-585 U-586 U-587 U-588 U-589 U-590 U-591 U-592 U-593 U-594 U-595 U-596 U-597 U-598 U-599 U-600 U-601 U-602 U-603 U-604 U-605 U-606 U-607 U-608 U-609 U-610 U-611 U-612 U-613 U-614 U-615 U-616 U-617 U-618 U-619 U-620 U-621 U-622 U-623 U-624 U-625 U-626 U-627 U-628 U-629 U-630 U-631 U-632 U-633 U-634 U-635 U-636 U-637 U-638 U-639 U-640 U-641 U-642 U-643 U-644 U-645 U-646 U-647 U-648 U-649 U-650 U-651 U-652 U-653 U-654 U-655 U-656 U-657 U-658 U-659 U-660 U-661 U-662 U-663 U-664 U-665 U-666 U-667 U-668 U-669 U-670 U-671 U-672 U-673 U-674 U-675 U-676 U-677 U-678 U-679 U-680 U-681 U-682 U-683 U-701 U-702 U-703 U-704 U-705 U-706 U-707 U-708 U-709 U-710 U-711 U-712 U-713 U-714 U-715 U-716 U-717 U-718 U-719 U-720 U-721 U-722 U-731 U-732 U-733 U-734 U-735 U-736 U-737 U-738 U-739 U-740 U-741 U-742 U-743 U-744 U-745 U-746 U-747 U-748 U-749 U-750 U-751 U-752 U-753 U-754 U-755 U-756 U-757 U-758 U-759 U-760 U-761 U-762 U-763 U-764 U-765 U-766 U-767 U-768 U-771 U-772 U-773 U-774 U-775 U-776 U-777 U-778 U-779 U-821 U-822 U-825 U-826 U-901 U-903 U-904 U-905 U-907 U-921 U-922 U-923 U-924 U-925 U-926 U-927 U-928 U-951 U-952 U-953 U-954 U-955 U-956 U-957 U-958 U-959 U-960 U-961 U-962 U-963 U-964 U-965 U-966 U-967 U-968 U-969 U-970 U-971 U-972 U-973 U-974 U-975 U-976 U-977 U-978 U-979 U-980 U-981 U-982 U-983 U-984 U-985 U-986 U-987 U-988 U-989 U-990 U-991 U-992 U-993 U-994 U-1051 U-1052 U-1053 U-1054 U-1055 U-1056 U-1057 U-1058 U-1101 U-1102 U-1131 U-1132 U-1161 U-1162 U-1191 U-1192 U-1193 U-1194 U-1195 U-1196 U-1197 U-1198 U-1199 U-1200 U-1201 U-1202 U-1203 U-1204 U-1205 U-1206 U-1207 U-1208 U-1209 U-1210
Type VIIC/41	U-292 U-293 U-294 U-295 U-296 U-297 U-298 U-299 U-300 U-317 U-318 U-319 U-320 U-321 U-322 U-323 U-324 U-325 U-326 U-327 U-328 U-691 U-827 U-828 U-929 U-930 U-995 U-997 U-998 U-999 U-1000 U-1001 U-1002 U-1003 U-1004 U-1005 U-1006 U-1007 U-1008 U-1009 U-1010 U-1011 U-1013 U-1014 U-1015 U-1016 U-1017 U-1018 U-1019 U-1020 U-1021 U-1022 U-1023 U-1024 U-1025 U-1063 U-1064 U-1065 U-1103 U-1104 U-1105 U-1106 U-1107 U-1108 U-1109 U-1110 U-1163 U-1164 U-1165 U-1166 U-1167 U-1168 U-1169 U-1170 U-1171 U-1172 U-1271 U-1272 U-1273 U-1274 U-1275 U-1276 U-1277 U-1278 U-1279 U-1301 U-1302 U-1303 U-1304 U-1305 U-1306 U-1307 U-1308
Type VIID	U-213 U-214 U-215 U-216 U-217 U-218
Type VIIF	U-1059 U-1060 U-1061 U-1062
Preceded by:Type II Followed by:Type IX List of U-boats of Germany

v t e Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in July 1943
Shipwrecks	2 Jul:Hoihow 3 Jul:U-126,U-628,LST-429 4 Jul:City of Venice 5 Jul:USS Strong,U-535 6 Jul:USS Helena,Erg,Nagatsuki,Niizuki 7 Jul:U-951 8 Jul:U-232,U-514 9 Jul:Samuel Heintzelman,U-435,U-590 10 Jul:USS Maddox,USS Sentinel,Alice F. Palmer 11 Jul:Flutto 12 Jul:HMSCalifornia,Duchess of York,U-409,U-506,U-561 13 Jul:Acciaio,USS Gwin,Jintsū,Timothy Pickering,U-487,U-607 14 Jul:I-179,U-160 15 Jul:U-135,U-509,U-759 16 Jul:U-67 17 Jul:Hatsuyuki 19 Jul:U-513 20 Jul:Kiyonami,U-558,Yūgure 21 Jul:Empire Florizel,U-662 22 Jul:Nisshin 23 Jul:U-527,U-598,U-613 24 Jul:U-459,U-622 25 Jul:Vaterland,Weissesee,Max Gundelach 26 Jul:El Argentino,U-359 27 Jul:Hamburg,I-168 28 Jul:Ariake,Mikazuki,U-159,U-404 29 Jul:Pietro Micca,U-614 30 Jul:U-43,U-375,U-461,U-462,U-504,U-591 31 Jul:U-199 Unknown date:HMS Parthian,Ro-103,Ro-107,U-647,Sidney
Other incidents	9 Jul:USS Permit 11 Jul:HMSCalifornia,Duchess of York 16 Jul:HMS Cleopatra 23 Jul:HMS Newfoundland 25 Jul:Asturias 29 Jul:USS Tuna 30 Jul:USS Grouper 31 Jul:V 624Köln Unknown date:Ro-100
194219431944 June 1943August 1943

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