| History | |
|---|---|
 Nazi Germany | |
| Name | U-564 |
| Ordered | 24 October 1939 |
| Builder | Blohm & Voss,Hamburg |
| Yard number | 540 |
| Laid down | 30 March 1940 |
| Launched | 7 February 1941 |
| Commissioned | 3 April 1941 |
| Fate | Sunk on 14 June 1943[1] |
| General characteristics | |
| Class & type | Type VIICU-boat |
| Displacement | |
| Length |
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| Beam |
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| Draught | 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in) |
| Installed power |
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| Propulsion |
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| Speed |
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| Range |
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| Test depth |
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| Complement | 44 to 52 officers and ratings |
| Armament |
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| Service record | |
| Part of: |
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| Identification codes: | M 40 175 |
| Commanders: |
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| Operations: |
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| Victories: | |
German submarineU-564 was aType VIICU-boat built forNazi Germany'sKriegsmarine for service during theSecond World War. TheRAF sank her in theBay of Biscay on 14 June 1943.
She was ordered on 24 October 1939 and waslaid down on 30 March 1940 atBlohm & Voss,Hamburg, as ' 540'. She waslaunched on 7 February 1941 andcommissioned under her first commanderOberleutnant zur SeeReinhard Suhren on 3 April of that year. Her chief engineer under Suhren wasUlrich Gabler. Suhren commanded her for her work-up with the1st U-boat Flotilla between 3 April and 1 June 1941. She then became a front (operational) boat of the 1st U-boat Flotilla, and set out on her first patrols.[4]
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorterType VIIB submarines.U-564 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged.[5] She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), apressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), abeam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and adraught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by twoGermaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylindersuperchargeddiesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, twoBrown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft)propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).[5]
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph).[5] When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).U-564 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in)torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteentorpedoes, one8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had acomplement of between forty-four and sixty.[5]
Her first patrol tookU-564 fromKiel to Brest in occupied France, spending a total of 41 days at sea. The patrol brought a number of successes; on 27 June Suhren came acrossconvoy HX 133. He damaged the Norwegian tankerKongsgaard and sank the DutchMaasdam and the BritishMalaya II that day. He had one further success on that patrol, sinking the Icelandic merchantmanHekla on 29 June.U-564 put into Brest on 27 July, having sunk three merchant ships for 18,678 gross register tons (GRT), and damaged another for 9,467 GRT.[4]
She sailed again from Brest on 16 August, heading into the Atlantic. She came acrossconvoy OG 71 and sank the IrishConlara and the BritishtugEmpire Oak on 22 August. She sank an escort the following day,HMS Zinnia.U-564 returned to Brest on 27 August after 12 days at sea, having sunk three ships for 2,587 GRT. She sailed again on 16 September, this time encounteringconvoy HG 75 on 24 October. She sank three British merchantmen that day,Alhama,Ariosto andCarsbreck.[4]U-564 was attacked later in the evening, by a bomb from an aircraft and later by an escort withdepth charges. She escaped damage however, and returned to port atLorient on 1 November having spent 47 days at sea and sunk three ships for 1,687 and 900 tons.[4]
U-564 relocated toLa Pallice in early 1942, and sailed from there on 18 January. She sank the Canadian tankerVictolite 260 nautical miles (480 km; 300 mi) northwest ofBermuda on 11 February 1942, and damaged the British tankerOpalia, although not severely (herdeck gun firing 83 rounds, but only scoring three hits), on 16 February, before returning to Brest on 6 March, after 48 days on patrol with 11,410 GRT sunk and 6,195 GRT damaged.[4]
U-564 sailed from Brest on 4 April 1942, to cross the Atlantic and prey on shipping off the North American coast, includingFlorida. She was in position in early May and on 3 May, secured her first success, sinking the BritishOcean Venus. On the 4 May, she damaged the BritishEclipse, and on 5 May she damaged the AmericanDelisle. On 8 May she sank the American merchantmanOhian, the following day she sank the Panamanian tankerLubrafol. Her final success in American waters was to sink the Mexican tankerPotrero del Llano.U-564 arrived back in Brest on 6 June, having spent 64 days at sea and sunk four ships, for 24,390 GRT, and damaged two ships, for 13,245 GRT.[4]
U-564 repeated the exercise on her next patrol, departing Brest on 6 July to operate off the coast of South America. Whilst outward-bound across the Atlantic, Suhren came acrossconvoy OS-34 near theAzores, and on 19 July sank the British merchantEmpire Hawksbill, and damaged theLavington Court (sank 1 August whilst under tow back to the UK). Operating off the northern South America coast, he sank theSS British Consul and theEmpire Cloud west ofGrenada on 19 August and on the 30th, she sank the Norwegian tankerVardaas north ofScarborough.U-564 arrived back in Brest on 18 September after 72 days on patrol, having sunk five ships for 32,181 GRT.[4]
This was Suhren's last patrol as commander ofU-564. He left on 1 October to become an instructor,Oberleutnant zur See Hans Fiedler took command.[4] He took the boat on two war patrols in 1943 but failed to hit any enemy ships. On one of these sorties events took a dramatic turn when the U-boat lost a crewman,Fähnrich zur See (Ensign) Heinrich Fuerhake.U-564 was transferred to operate out ofBordeaux in April 1943. She left the French port city for the final time on 9 June with four other outbound U-boats,U-185,U-358,U-634 andU-653.[4] A Royal Air ForceShort Sunderland spotted the boats and attacked them offCape Finisterre at 18.59 hours on 13 June. The aircraft targetedU-564 and dropped its bombs, but was shot down by anti-aircraft fire, killing all 11 of the crew.U-564 had sustained heavy damage and turned back, escorted byU-185.[4]
U-564 took part in sixwolfpacks, namely:
AnArmstrong Whitworth Whitley sighted the two U-boats in theBay of Biscay the following day and shadowed them.U-564 was unable to dive due to the damage already sustained. By 16:45 hours the Whitley was running low on fuel and attackedU-564. The two U-boats damaged their attacker with anti-aircraft fire but the aircraft's depth charges fatally damagedU-564 and she sank at 17:30 hours. The damaged Whitley was forced to ditch, where a French trawler rescued the crew. There were 18 survivors fromU-564 including the commander.U-185 picked them up and transferred them to theGerman destroyer Z24 two hours later.[4]
| Date | Ship Name | Nationality | Tonnage[Note 1] | Fate[6] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27 June 1941 | Kongsgaard |  Norway | 9,467 | Damaged |
| 27 June 1941 | Maasdam |  Netherlands | 8,812 | Sunk |
| 27 June 1941 | Malaya II |  United Kingdom | 8,651 | Sunk |
| 29 June 1941 | Hekla |  Iceland | 1,215 | Sunk |
| 22 August 1941 | Clonlara |  Ireland | 1,203 | Sunk |
| 22 August 1941 | Empire Oak | United Kingdom | 484 | Sunk |
| 22 August 1941 | HMSZinnia |  Royal Navy | 900 | Sunk |
| 24 October 1941 | Alhama | United Kingdom | 1,352 | Sunk |
| 24 October 1941 | Ariosto | United Kingdom | 2,176 | Sunk |
| 24 October 1941 | Carsbreck | United Kingdom | 3,670 | Sunk |
| 11 February 1942 | Victolite |  Canada | 11,410 | Sunk |
| 16 February 1942 | Opalia | United Kingdom | 6,195 | Damaged |
| 3 May 1942 | Ocean Venus | United Kingdom | 7,174 | Sunk |
| 4 May 1942 | Eclipse | United Kingdom | 9,767 | Damaged |
| 5 May 1942 | Delisle |  United States | 3,478 | Damaged |
| 8 May 1942 | Ohioan | United States | 6,078 | Sunk |
| 9 May 1942 | Lubrafol |  Panama | 7,138 | Sunk |
| 14 May 1942 | Potrero del Llano |  Mexico | 4,000 | Sunk |
| 19 July 1942 | Empire Hawksbill | United Kingdom | 5,724 | Sunk |
| 19 July 1942 | Lavington Court | United Kingdom | 5,372 | Sunk |
| 19 August 1942 | British Consul | United Kingdom | 6,940 | Sunk |
| 19 August 1942 | Empire Cloud | United Kingdom | 5,969 | Sunk |
| 30 August 1942 | Vardaas | Norway | 8,176 | Sunk |
Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in June 1943 | |
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| Shipwrecks |
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| Other incidents |
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Authority control databases: National |
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