| History | |
|---|---|
 Nazi Germany | |
| Name | U-404 |
| Ordered | 23 September 1939 |
| Builder | Danziger Werft,Danzig |
| Yard number | 105 |
| Laid down | 4 June 1940[1] |
| Launched | 4 June 1941 |
| Commissioned | 6 August 1941[2] |
| Fate | Sunk on 28 July 1943 by depth charges from two American and one British B-24 Liberators[2] |
| General characteristics | |
| Class & type | Type VIICsubmarine |
| Displacement | |
| Length |
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| Beam |
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| Height | 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in) |
| Draught | 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in) |
| Installed power |
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| Propulsion |
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| Speed |
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| Range | |
| Test depth |
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| Complement | 4 officers, 40–56 enlisted |
| Armament |
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| Service record | |
| Part of: |
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| Identification codes: | M 03 340 |
| Commanders: |
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| Operations: |
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| Victories: | |
German submarineU-404 was aType VIICU-boat built forNazi Germany'sKriegsmarine for service duringWorld War II.
She waslaid down at the Danziger Werft in the city of the same name on 4 June 1940 as yard number 105,launched a year later on 4 June 1941 and wascommissioned on 6 August 1941, withKapitänleutnantOtto von Bülow in command.
The boat commenced her career with the6th U-boat Flotilla, a training organization on 6 August 1941, before moving on to operations on 1 October 1941.U-404 carried out seven combat patrols, sinking 14 merchantmen and one warship for a total of over 71,450 gross register tons (GRT) and 1,120 tons during the Second World War. She also damaged two other ships. The submarine was a member of 13wolfpacks and was visually identifiable by the particular paint scheme consisting of a prow of aVikinglongboat painted in red paint on either side of theconning tower.
For his numerous successes, von Bülow received theKnight's Cross.
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorterType VIIB submarines.U-404 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged.[3] She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), apressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), abeam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and adraught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by twoGermaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylindersuperchargeddiesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, twoSiemens-Schuckert GU 343/38–8double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft)propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).[3]
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph).[3] When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).U-404 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in)torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteentorpedoes, one8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had acomplement of between forty-four and sixty.[3]
No ships were sunk during her first patrol which lasted from 17 January to 1 February 1942.U-404 sailed from the German port ofKiel; the only excitement she encountered was when a periscope was damaged in an air attack. The submarine sailed intoLorient in France, after 16 otherwise uneventful days.[1]
On her second patrol, when she departed Lorient on 14 February 1942,U-404 had more success, sinking three ships off the eastern American coast.[1] One of them,Lemuel Burrows, was close enough to land when she was sunk that the second engineer, who survived, reported that "the lights of a New Jersey beach resort doomed his vessel and that they would continue [the German U-boats] to cause daily torpedoings until a blackout is ordered along the coast." This situation was repeated many times due to American unpreparedness so soon after that country's entry into the war.[4] Another was the unescortedSan Demetrio sailing fromBaltimore,Maryland, bound for the UKvia Halifax, Nova Scotia with a cargo of 4,000 tons ofalcohol and 7,000 tons ofaviation spirit.[5] She was northwest ofCape Charles,Virginia when torpedoed byU-404 on 17 March.[5] 16 crew and threeDEMS gunners were lost and six crew wounded but survivors managed to launch two lifeboats.[5] Two days later the US tankerBeta rescued the Master, 26 crew and five DEMS gunners and took them toNorfolk, Virginia.[5] The Master ofSan Demetrio was awarded aLloyd's War Medal.[5]
U-404 returned toBrest, also in France, on 4 April 1942.
The achievements of her second patrol was repeated on her third, with theOperation Drumbeat submarine accounting for another four ships off the American coast in June 1942: The Yugoslavian Ljubica Matokovic on June 24, Manuda (United States) and Nordal (Panama) on the 25th, and Moldanger (Norway) on the 27th. This time she returned toSt. Nazaire.
For her fourth sortie, she left St. Nazaire on 23 August 1942 and returned on 13 October, having spent 52 days at sea and sinking three more ships, including the W-Class DestroyerHMSVeteran in mid-Atlantic.
It was a different story on her fifth patrol; she spent 44 fruitless days looking for targets, having departed St. Nazaire on 21 December 1942, returning on 6 February 1943.
Her sixth foray was better, she sank three ships, totaling 17,736 GRT.
On 25 April 1943, German radio erroneously broadcast thatU-404 had torpedoed and sunk the aircraft carrierUSS Ranger in the North Atlantic.[6] No such sinking ever occurred;Ranger would survive the war and was sold for scrap in 1946.
U-404 left St. Nazaire with a new commander on 24 July 1943. Four days later, she was sent to the bottom with all hands, at position45°53′N09°25′W / 45.883°N 9.417°W /45.883; -9.417, due to the efforts and depth charges of threeLiberator aircraft, two American and one British. They did not emerge from the action unscathed; all three planes lost an engine due to the accurate anti-aircraft fire from the U-boat.
U-404 took part in 13wolfpacks, namely:
| Date | Ship Name | Nationality | Tonnage[Note 1] | Fate[7] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 March 1942 | Collamer |  United States | 5,112 | Sunk |
| 13 March 1942 | Tolten |  Chile | 1,858 | Sunk |
| 14 March 1942 | Lemuel Burrows | United States | 7,610 | Sunk |
| 17 March 1942 | San Demetrio |  United Kingdom | 8,073 | Sunk |
| 30 May 1942 | Aloca Shipper | United States | 5,491 | Sunk |
| 1 June 1942 | West Notus | United States | 5,492 | Sunk |
| 3 June 1942 | Anna |  Sweden | 1,345 | Sunk |
| 24 June 1942 | Ljubica Matokovic |  Yugoslavia | 3,289 | Sunk |
| 25 June 1942 | Manuda | United States | 4,772 | sunk |
| 25 June 1942 | Nordal |  Panama | 3,845 | sunk |
| 27 June 1942 | Moldanger |  Norway | 6,827 | Sunk |
| 11 September 1942 | Marit II | Norway | 7,417 | Damaged |
| 12 September 1942 | Daghild | Norway | 9,272 | Damaged |
| 26 September 1942 | HMS Veteran (D72) |  Royal Navy | 1,120 | Sunk |
| 29 March 1943 | Nagara | United Kingdom | 8,791 | Sunk |
| 30 March 1943 | Empire Bowman | United Kingdom | 7,031 | Sunk |
| 12 April 1943 | Lancastrian Prince | United Kingdom | 1,914 | Sunk |
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
