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German submarineU-360

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Coordinates:72°28′N13°04′E / 72.467°N 13.067°E /72.467; 13.067

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

German World War II submarine

History

Nazi Germany
Name	U-360
Ordered	6 August 1940
Builder	Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft,Flensburg
Yard number	479
Laid down	9 August 1941
Launched	28 July 1942
Commissioned	12 November 1942
Fate	Sunk on 2 April 1944^[1]
General characteristics
Class & type	Type VIIC submarine
Displacement	769tonnes (757long tons) surfaced 871 t (857 long tons) submerged
Length	67.10 m (220 ft 2 in)o/a 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in)pressure hull
Beam	6.20 m (20 ft 4 in) o/a 4.70 m (15 ft 5 in) pressure hull
Height	9.60 m (31 ft 6 in)
Draught	4.74 m (15 ft 7 in)
Installed power	2,800–3,200 PS (2,100–2,400 kW; 2,800–3,200 bhp) (diesels) 750 PS (550 kW; 740 shp) (electric)
Propulsion	2 shafts 2 ×diesel engines 2 ×electric motors
Speed	17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) surfaced 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph) submerged
Range	8,500 nmi (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced 80 nmi (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
Test depth	230 m (750 ft) Crush depth: 250–295 m (820–968 ft)
Complement	4 officers, 40–56 enlisted
Armament	5 × 53.3 cm (21 in)torpedo tubes (four bow, one stern) 14 ×torpedoesor 26 TMAmines 1 ×8.8 cm (3.46 in) deck gun (220 rounds) 2 × twin2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns
Service record^[2]^[3]
Part of:	5th U-boat Flotilla 12 November 1942 – 30 June 1943 13th U-boat Flotilla 1 July 1943 – 2 April 1944
Identification codes:	M 50 507
Commanders:	Oblt.z.S. Hans-Jürgen Bühring 12 November 1942 – 20 May 1943 Kptlt. Klaus-Helmuth Becker 20 May 1943 – 2 April 1944
Operations:	5 patrols: 1st patrol: 16 August – 24 September 1943 2nd patrol: 6 October – 19 November 1943 3rd patrol: 23 – 30 November 1943 4th patrol: a. 27 December 1943 – 28 January 1944 b. 30 January – 3 February 1944 5th patrol: 29 March – 2 April 1944
Victories:	1 merchant ship damaged (7,153 GRT) 1 warship damaged (1,540 tons)

German submarineU-360 was aType VIIC U-boat ofNazi Germany'sKriegsmarine duringWorld War II.

She carried out five patrols before being sunk in theNorwegian Sea by a British warship on 2 April 1944.

She was a member of fivewolfpacks.

She damaged one ship and one warship.

Design

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German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorterType VIIB submarines.U-360 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged.^[4] She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), apressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), abeam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and adraught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by twoGermaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylindersupercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, twoAEG GU 460/8–27double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft)propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).^[4]

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph).^[4] When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).U-360 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in)torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteentorpedoes, one8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had acomplement of between forty-four and sixty.^[4]

Service history

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The submarine waslaid down on 9 August 1941 at theFlensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft yard atFlensburg as yard number 479,launched on 28 July 1942 andcommissioned on 12 November under the command ofOberleutnant zur See Hans-Jügen Bühring.

She served with the5th U-boat Flotilla from 12 November 1942 and the13th flotilla from 1 July 1943.

First patrol

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The boat's first patrol was preceded by trips fromKiel in Germany toBergen and thenNarvik in Norway, from where she departed on 16 August 1943. She sailed southwest ofSvalbard and west ofBear Island. She docked inHammerfest on 24 September.

Second and third patrols

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Her second foray was a repeat of her first – finishing in Narvik on 19 November 1943.

The submarine's third patrol took her around Bear Island.

Fourth patrol

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Sortie number four saw the boat damagingHMS Obdurate southeast of Bear Island on 25 January 1944. She also damaged theFort Bellingham the next day. This ship was subsequently sunk byU-957.

Fifth patrol and loss

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Having moved from Hammerfest toTrondheim,U-360 started her fifth patrol on 29 March 1944. On 2 April, she was sunk southwest of Bear Island bydepth charges from the British destroyerHMS Keppel.

51 men died in the U-boat; there were no survivors.^[5]

Wolfpacks

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U-360 took part in fivewolfpacks, namely:

Monsun (8 – 21 October 1943)
Eisenbart (22 October – 17 November 1943)
Eisenbart (25 – 28 November 1943)
Isegrim (1 – 27 January 1944)
Blitz (30 March – 2 April 1944)

Summary of raiding history

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Date	Ship Name	Nationality	Tonnage^{[Note 1]}	Fate^[6]
25 January 1944	HMS Obdurate	Royal Navy	1,540	Damaged
26 January 1944	Fort Bellingham	United Kingdom	7,153	Damaged

References

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Notes

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^Merchant ship tonnages are ingross register tons. Military vessels are listed by tonsdisplacement.

Citations

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^Kemp 1999, p. 180.
^Helgason, Guðmundur."The Type VIIC boat U-360".German U-boats of WWII – uboat.net. Retrieved28 August 2012.
^Helgason, Guðmundur."War Patrols by German U-boat U-360".German U-boats of WWII – uboat.net. Retrieved28 August 2012.
^^a ^b ^c ^dGröner 1991, pp. 43–46.
^Hofmann, Markus."U 360".Deutsche U-Boote 1935–1945 – u-boot-archiv.de (in German). Retrieved26 December 2014.
^Helgason, Guðmundur."Ships hit by U-360".German U-boats of WWII – uboat.net. Retrieved23 January 2014.

Bibliography

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Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999).German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press.ISBN 1-55750-186-6.
Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999).Der U-Boot-Krieg, 1939-1945: Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945] (in German). Vol. IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler.ISBN 3-8132-0514-2.
Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991).U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. German Warships 1815–1945. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press.ISBN 0-85177-593-4.
Kemp, Paul (1999).U-Boats Destroyed – German Submarine Losses in the World Wars. London: Arms & Armour.ISBN 1-85409-515-3.

External links

[edit]

Helgason, Guðmundur."The Type VIIC boat U-360".German U-boats of WWII – uboat.net. Retrieved26 December 2014.
Hofmann, Markus."U 360".Deutsche U-Boote 1935–1945 – u-boot-archiv.de (in German). Retrieved26 December 2014.

v t e Type VII submarines
Type VIIA	U-27 U-28 U-29 U-30 U-31 U-32 U-33 U-34 U-35 U-36
Type VIIB	U-45 U-46 U-47 U-48 U-49 U-50 U-51 U-52 U-53 U-54 U-55 U-73 U-74 U-75 U-76 U-83 U-84 U-85 U-86 U-87 U-99 U-100 U-101 U-102
Type VIIC	U-69 U-70 U-71 U-72 U-77 U-78 U-79 U-80 U-81 U-82 U-88 U-89 U-90 U-91 U-92 U-93 U-94 U-95 U-96 U-97 U-98 U-132 U-133 U-134 U-135 U-136 U-201 U-202 U-203 U-204 U-205 U-206 U-207 U-208 U-209 U-210 U-211 U-212 U-221 U-222 U-223 U-224 U-225 U-226 U-227 U-228 U-229 U-230 U-231 U-232 U-235 U-236 U-237 U-238 U-239 U-240 U-241 U-242 U-243 U-244 U-245 U-246 U-247 U-248 U-249 U-250 U-251 U-252 U-253 U-254 U-255 U-256 U-257 U-258 U-259 U-260 U-261 U-262 U-263 U-264 U-265 U-266 U-267 U-268 U-269 U-270 U-271 U-272 U-273 U-274 U-275 U-276 U-277 U-278 U-279 U-280 U-281 U-282 U-283 U-284 U-285 U-286 U-287 U-288 U-289 U-290 U-291 U-301 U-302 U-303 U-304 U-305 U-306 U-307 U-308 U-309 U-310 U-311 U-312 U-313 U-314 U-315 U-316 U-331 U-332 U-333 U-334 U-335 U-336 U-337 U-338 U-339 U-340 U-341 U-342 U-343 U-344 U-345 U-346 U-347 U-348 U-349 U-350 U-351 U-352 U-353 U-354 U-355 U-356 U-357 U-358 U-359 U-360 U-361 U-362 U-363 U-364 U-365 U-366 U-367 U-368 U-369 U-370 U-371 U-372 U-373 U-374 U-375 U-376 U-377 U-378 U-379 U-380 U-381 U-382 U-383 U-384 U-385 U-386 U-387 U-388 U-389 U-390 U-391 U-392 U-393 U-394 U-396 U-397 U-398 U-399 U-400 U-401 U-402 U-403 U-404 U-405 U-406 U-407 U-408 U-409 U-410 U-411 U-412 U-413 U-414 U-415 U-416 U-417 U-418 U-419 U-420 U-421 U-422 U-423 U-424 U-425 U-426 U-427 U-428 U-429 U-430 U-431 U-432 U-433 U-434 U-435 U-436 U-437 U-438 U-439 U-440 U-441 U-442 U-443 U-444 U-445 U-446 U-447 U-448 U-449 U-450 U-451 U-452 U-453 U-454 U-455 U-456 U-457 U-458 U-465 U-466 U-467 U-468 U-469 U-470 U-471 U-472 U-473 U-475 U-476 U-477 U-478 U-479 U-480 U-481 U-482 U-483 U-484 U-485 U-486 U-551 U-552 U-553 U-554 U-555 U-556 U-557 U-558 U-559 U-560 U-561 U-562 U-563 U-564 U-565 U-566 U-567 U-568 U-569 U-570 U-571 U-572 U-573 U-574 U-575 U-576 U-577 U-578 U-579 U-580 U-581 U-582 U-583 U-584 U-585 U-586 U-587 U-588 U-589 U-590 U-591 U-592 U-593 U-594 U-595 U-596 U-597 U-598 U-599 U-600 U-601 U-602 U-603 U-604 U-605 U-606 U-607 U-608 U-609 U-610 U-611 U-612 U-613 U-614 U-615 U-616 U-617 U-618 U-619 U-620 U-621 U-622 U-623 U-624 U-625 U-626 U-627 U-628 U-629 U-630 U-631 U-632 U-633 U-634 U-635 U-636 U-637 U-638 U-639 U-640 U-641 U-642 U-643 U-644 U-645 U-646 U-647 U-648 U-649 U-650 U-651 U-652 U-653 U-654 U-655 U-656 U-657 U-658 U-659 U-660 U-661 U-662 U-663 U-664 U-665 U-666 U-667 U-668 U-669 U-670 U-671 U-672 U-673 U-674 U-675 U-676 U-677 U-678 U-679 U-680 U-681 U-682 U-683 U-701 U-702 U-703 U-704 U-705 U-706 U-707 U-708 U-709 U-710 U-711 U-712 U-713 U-714 U-715 U-716 U-717 U-718 U-719 U-720 U-721 U-722 U-731 U-732 U-733 U-734 U-735 U-736 U-737 U-738 U-739 U-740 U-741 U-742 U-743 U-744 U-745 U-746 U-747 U-748 U-749 U-750 U-751 U-752 U-753 U-754 U-755 U-756 U-757 U-758 U-759 U-760 U-761 U-762 U-763 U-764 U-765 U-766 U-767 U-768 U-771 U-772 U-773 U-774 U-775 U-776 U-777 U-778 U-779 U-821 U-822 U-825 U-826 U-901 U-903 U-904 U-905 U-907 U-921 U-922 U-923 U-924 U-925 U-926 U-927 U-928 U-951 U-952 U-953 U-954 U-955 U-956 U-957 U-958 U-959 U-960 U-961 U-962 U-963 U-964 U-965 U-966 U-967 U-968 U-969 U-970 U-971 U-972 U-973 U-974 U-975 U-976 U-977 U-978 U-979 U-980 U-981 U-982 U-983 U-984 U-985 U-986 U-987 U-988 U-989 U-990 U-991 U-992 U-993 U-994 U-1051 U-1052 U-1053 U-1054 U-1055 U-1056 U-1057 U-1058 U-1101 U-1102 U-1131 U-1132 U-1161 U-1162 U-1191 U-1192 U-1193 U-1194 U-1195 U-1196 U-1197 U-1198 U-1199 U-1200 U-1201 U-1202 U-1203 U-1204 U-1205 U-1206 U-1207 U-1208 U-1209 U-1210
Type VIIC/41	U-292 U-293 U-294 U-295 U-296 U-297 U-298 U-299 U-300 U-317 U-318 U-319 U-320 U-321 U-322 U-323 U-324 U-325 U-326 U-327 U-328 U-691 U-827 U-828 U-929 U-930 U-995 U-997 U-998 U-999 U-1000 U-1001 U-1002 U-1003 U-1004 U-1005 U-1006 U-1007 U-1008 U-1009 U-1010 U-1011 U-1013 U-1014 U-1015 U-1016 U-1017 U-1018 U-1019 U-1020 U-1021 U-1022 U-1023 U-1024 U-1025 U-1063 U-1064 U-1065 U-1103 U-1104 U-1105 U-1106 U-1107 U-1108 U-1109 U-1110 U-1163 U-1164 U-1165 U-1166 U-1167 U-1168 U-1169 U-1170 U-1171 U-1172 U-1271 U-1272 U-1273 U-1274 U-1275 U-1276 U-1277 U-1278 U-1279 U-1301 U-1302 U-1303 U-1304 U-1305 U-1306 U-1307 U-1308
Type VIID	U-213 U-214 U-215 U-216 U-217 U-218
Type VIIF	U-1059 U-1060 U-1061 U-1062
Preceded by:Type II Followed by:Type IX List of U-boats of Germany

v t e Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in April 1944
Shipwrecks	2 Apr:U-360 3 Apr:U-288 4 Apr:I-169 6 Apr:U-302,U-455 7 Apr:I-2,U-856 8 Apr:U-2,U-962 9 Apr:U-515 10 Apr:USS SC-497,U-68 11 Apr:Akigumo,U-108 12 Apr:I-174 13 Apr:Ikazuchi 14 Apr:Bärenfels,Fort Stikine,U-448 15 Apr:No. 7 16 Apr:U-550 17 Apr:U-342,U-986 18 Apr:USS Gudgeon,Pan-Pennsylvania 19 Apr:U-974 20 Apr:USS Lansdale,Paul Hamilton,Voorbode 21 Apr:M 553 22 Apr:U-311 23 Apr:Amagiri 26 Apr:V 606 Fladengrund,I-180,U-488,Yoshida Maru No. 1 27 Apr:Frank E. Vigor,James H. Reed,U-803,Yūbari 28 Apr:USS LST-507 29 Apr:HMCS Athabaskan,I-183,USSPT-346,Sirène,U-421 30 Apr:Ro-45 Unknown date:U-193,U-355
Other incidents	2 Apr:I-46,Ro-46 10 Apr:USS Holder 11 Apr:USS Cero 13 Apr:USS Bashaw 14 Apr:Bombay explosion,HMHS Chantilly 16 Apr:Pan-Pennsylvania 20 Apr:Bergen explosion 24 Apr:LST-407 27 Apr:USS Etamin 29 Apr:USS Seahorse
194319441945 March 1944May 1944

72°28′N13°04′E / 72.467°N 13.067°E /72.467; 13.067

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