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German submarineU-311

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Coordinates:52°09′N19°07′W / 52.150°N 19.117°W /52.150; -19.117

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

German World War II submarine

History

Nazi Germany
Name	U-311
Ordered	5 June 1940
Builder	Flender Werke,Lübeck
Yard number	311
Laid down	21 March 1942
Launched	20 January 1943
Commissioned	23 March 1943
Fate	Sunk on 22 April 1944^[1]
General characteristics
Class & type	Type VIIC submarine
Displacement	769tonnes (757long tons) surfaced 871 t (857 long tons) submerged
Length	67.10 m (220 ft 2 in)o/a 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in)pressure hull
Beam	6.20 m (20 ft 4 in) o/a 4.70 m (15 ft 5 in) pressure hull
Height	9.60 m (31 ft 6 in)
Draught	4.74 m (15 ft 7 in)
Installed power	2,800–3,200 PS (2,100–2,400 kW; 2,800–3,200 bhp) (diesels) 750 PS (550 kW; 740 shp) (electric)
Propulsion	2 shafts 2 ×diesel engines 2 ×electric motors.
Speed	17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) surfaced 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph) submerged
Range	8,500 nmi (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced 80 nmi (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
Test depth	230 m (750 ft) Crush depth: 250–295 m (820–968 ft)
Complement	4 officers, 40–56 enlisted
Armament	5 × 53.3 cm (21 in)torpedo tubes (four bow, one stern) 14 ×torpedoesor 26 TMAmines 1 ×8.8 cm (3.46 in) deck gun (220 rounds) 2 × twin2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns
Service record^[1]^[2]
Part of:	8th U-boat Flotilla 23 March – 30 November 1943 1st U-boat Flotilla 1 December 1943 – 22 April 1944
Identification codes:	M 50 908
Commanders:	Kptlt. Joachim Zander 23 March 1943 – 22 April 1944
Operations:	2 patrols: 1st patrol: 25 November 1943 – 26 January 1944 2nd patrol: 7 March – 22 April 1944
Victories:	1 merchant ship sunk (10,342 GRT)

German submarineU-311 was aType VIIC U-boat ofNazi Germany'sKriegsmarine duringWorld War II. The submarine waslaid down on 21 March 1942 at theFlender Werke yard atLübeck as yard number 311,launched on 20 January 1943 andcommissioned on 23 March under the command ofKapitänleutnant Joachim Zander.

During her short career, the U-boat sailed on two combat patrols, sinking a single ship, before she was sunk on 22 April 1944.^[1]

Design

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German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorterType VIIB submarines.U-311 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged.^[3] She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), apressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), abeam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and adraught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by twoGermaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylindersupercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, twoGarbe, Lahmeyer & Co. RP 137/cdouble-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft)propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).^[3]

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph).^[3] When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).U-311 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in)torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteentorpedoes, one8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had acomplement of between forty-four and sixty.^[3]

Service history

[edit]

First patrol

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After training with the8th U-boat Flotilla atKiel,U-311 was transferred to the1st U-boat Flotilla based atBrest in France, for front-line service on 25 November 1943.^[1] On that day she departed Kiel and sailed out into the middle of the Atlantic, via theNorth Sea and thegap betweenIceland and theFaroe Islands.^[4] She operated as part of 8wolfpacks^[1] before arriving at Brest on 26 January 1944.^[2]

Second patrol and loss

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U-311 sailed from Brest on 7 March 1944. On the 19th, she sank theSeakay 375 nautical miles (694 km; 432 mi) west ofFastnet. On 22 April, she was sunk bydepth charges dropped by the Canadianfrigates HMCS Matane andSwansea.^[5]

Previously recorded fate

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The boat was previously thought to have been sunk southwest of Ireland on 24 April 1944 by a CanadianSunderland flying boat of423 Squadron, RCAF.^[6]^[7]

Wolfpacks

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U-311 took part in eightwolfpacks, namely:

Coronel (7 – 8 December 1943)
Coronel 1 (8 – 14 December 1943)
Coronel 2 (14 – 17 December 1943)
Amrum (18 – 23 December 1943)
Rügen 5 (23 December 1943 – 2 January 1944)
Rügen 4 (2 – 7 January 1944)
Rügen (7 – 19 January 1944)
Preussen [de] (19 – 22 March 1944)

Summary of raiding history

[edit]

Date	Ship Name	Nationality	Tonnage (GRT)	Fate^[8]
19 March 1944	Seakay	United States	10,342	Sunk

References

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^^a ^b ^c ^d ^eHelgason, Guðmundur."The Type VIIC boat U-311".German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved17 August 2012.
^^a ^bHelgason, Guðmundur."War Patrols by German U-boatU-311".German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved17 August 2012.
^^a ^b ^c ^dGröner 1991, pp. 43–46.
^Helgason, Guðmundur."Patrol of U-boat U-311 from 25 Nov 1943 to 26 Jan 1944".German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved16 August 2012.
^Helgason, Guðmundur."Patrol of U-boat U-311 from 7 Mar 1944 to 22 Apr 1944".German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved16 August 2012.
^Helgason, Guðmundur."The Type VIIC boat U-311".German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved26 December 2014.
^Hofmann, Markus."U 311".Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de (in German). Retrieved26 December 2014.
^Helgason, Guðmundur."Ships hit by U-311".German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved26 December 2014.

Bibliography

[edit]

Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999).German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press.ISBN 1-55750-186-6.
Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999).Der U-Boot-Krieg, 1939-1945: Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945] (in German). Vol. IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler.ISBN 3-8132-0514-2.
Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991).U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. German Warships 1815–1945. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press.ISBN 0-85177-593-4.
Kemp, Paul (1999).U-Boats Destroyed - German Submarine Losses in the World Wars. London: Arms & Armour.ISBN 1-85409-515-3.

External links

[edit]

Helgason, Guðmundur."The Type VIIC boat U-311".German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved26 December 2014.
Hofmann, Markus."U 311".Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de (in German). Retrieved26 December 2014.

v t e Type VII submarines
Type VIIA	U-27 U-28 U-29 U-30 U-31 U-32 U-33 U-34 U-35 U-36
Type VIIB	U-45 U-46 U-47 U-48 U-49 U-50 U-51 U-52 U-53 U-54 U-55 U-73 U-74 U-75 U-76 U-83 U-84 U-85 U-86 U-87 U-99 U-100 U-101 U-102
Type VIIC	U-69 U-70 U-71 U-72 U-77 U-78 U-79 U-80 U-81 U-82 U-88 U-89 U-90 U-91 U-92 U-93 U-94 U-95 U-96 U-97 U-98 U-132 U-133 U-134 U-135 U-136 U-201 U-202 U-203 U-204 U-205 U-206 U-207 U-208 U-209 U-210 U-211 U-212 U-221 U-222 U-223 U-224 U-225 U-226 U-227 U-228 U-229 U-230 U-231 U-232 U-235 U-236 U-237 U-238 U-239 U-240 U-241 U-242 U-243 U-244 U-245 U-246 U-247 U-248 U-249 U-250 U-251 U-252 U-253 U-254 U-255 U-256 U-257 U-258 U-259 U-260 U-261 U-262 U-263 U-264 U-265 U-266 U-267 U-268 U-269 U-270 U-271 U-272 U-273 U-274 U-275 U-276 U-277 U-278 U-279 U-280 U-281 U-282 U-283 U-284 U-285 U-286 U-287 U-288 U-289 U-290 U-291 U-301 U-302 U-303 U-304 U-305 U-306 U-307 U-308 U-309 U-310 U-311 U-312 U-313 U-314 U-315 U-316 U-331 U-332 U-333 U-334 U-335 U-336 U-337 U-338 U-339 U-340 U-341 U-342 U-343 U-344 U-345 U-346 U-347 U-348 U-349 U-350 U-351 U-352 U-353 U-354 U-355 U-356 U-357 U-358 U-359 U-360 U-361 U-362 U-363 U-364 U-365 U-366 U-367 U-368 U-369 U-370 U-371 U-372 U-373 U-374 U-375 U-376 U-377 U-378 U-379 U-380 U-381 U-382 U-383 U-384 U-385 U-386 U-387 U-388 U-389 U-390 U-391 U-392 U-393 U-394 U-396 U-397 U-398 U-399 U-400 U-401 U-402 U-403 U-404 U-405 U-406 U-407 U-408 U-409 U-410 U-411 U-412 U-413 U-414 U-415 U-416 U-417 U-418 U-419 U-420 U-421 U-422 U-423 U-424 U-425 U-426 U-427 U-428 U-429 U-430 U-431 U-432 U-433 U-434 U-435 U-436 U-437 U-438 U-439 U-440 U-441 U-442 U-443 U-444 U-445 U-446 U-447 U-448 U-449 U-450 U-451 U-452 U-453 U-454 U-455 U-456 U-457 U-458 U-465 U-466 U-467 U-468 U-469 U-470 U-471 U-472 U-473 U-475 U-476 U-477 U-478 U-479 U-480 U-481 U-482 U-483 U-484 U-485 U-486 U-551 U-552 U-553 U-554 U-555 U-556 U-557 U-558 U-559 U-560 U-561 U-562 U-563 U-564 U-565 U-566 U-567 U-568 U-569 U-570 U-571 U-572 U-573 U-574 U-575 U-576 U-577 U-578 U-579 U-580 U-581 U-582 U-583 U-584 U-585 U-586 U-587 U-588 U-589 U-590 U-591 U-592 U-593 U-594 U-595 U-596 U-597 U-598 U-599 U-600 U-601 U-602 U-603 U-604 U-605 U-606 U-607 U-608 U-609 U-610 U-611 U-612 U-613 U-614 U-615 U-616 U-617 U-618 U-619 U-620 U-621 U-622 U-623 U-624 U-625 U-626 U-627 U-628 U-629 U-630 U-631 U-632 U-633 U-634 U-635 U-636 U-637 U-638 U-639 U-640 U-641 U-642 U-643 U-644 U-645 U-646 U-647 U-648 U-649 U-650 U-651 U-652 U-653 U-654 U-655 U-656 U-657 U-658 U-659 U-660 U-661 U-662 U-663 U-664 U-665 U-666 U-667 U-668 U-669 U-670 U-671 U-672 U-673 U-674 U-675 U-676 U-677 U-678 U-679 U-680 U-681 U-682 U-683 U-701 U-702 U-703 U-704 U-705 U-706 U-707 U-708 U-709 U-710 U-711 U-712 U-713 U-714 U-715 U-716 U-717 U-718 U-719 U-720 U-721 U-722 U-731 U-732 U-733 U-734 U-735 U-736 U-737 U-738 U-739 U-740 U-741 U-742 U-743 U-744 U-745 U-746 U-747 U-748 U-749 U-750 U-751 U-752 U-753 U-754 U-755 U-756 U-757 U-758 U-759 U-760 U-761 U-762 U-763 U-764 U-765 U-766 U-767 U-768 U-771 U-772 U-773 U-774 U-775 U-776 U-777 U-778 U-779 U-821 U-822 U-825 U-826 U-901 U-903 U-904 U-905 U-907 U-921 U-922 U-923 U-924 U-925 U-926 U-927 U-928 U-951 U-952 U-953 U-954 U-955 U-956 U-957 U-958 U-959 U-960 U-961 U-962 U-963 U-964 U-965 U-966 U-967 U-968 U-969 U-970 U-971 U-972 U-973 U-974 U-975 U-976 U-977 U-978 U-979 U-980 U-981 U-982 U-983 U-984 U-985 U-986 U-987 U-988 U-989 U-990 U-991 U-992 U-993 U-994 U-1051 U-1052 U-1053 U-1054 U-1055 U-1056 U-1057 U-1058 U-1101 U-1102 U-1131 U-1132 U-1161 U-1162 U-1191 U-1192 U-1193 U-1194 U-1195 U-1196 U-1197 U-1198 U-1199 U-1200 U-1201 U-1202 U-1203 U-1204 U-1205 U-1206 U-1207 U-1208 U-1209 U-1210
Type VIIC/41	U-292 U-293 U-294 U-295 U-296 U-297 U-298 U-299 U-300 U-317 U-318 U-319 U-320 U-321 U-322 U-323 U-324 U-325 U-326 U-327 U-328 U-691 U-827 U-828 U-929 U-930 U-995 U-997 U-998 U-999 U-1000 U-1001 U-1002 U-1003 U-1004 U-1005 U-1006 U-1007 U-1008 U-1009 U-1010 U-1011 U-1013 U-1014 U-1015 U-1016 U-1017 U-1018 U-1019 U-1020 U-1021 U-1022 U-1023 U-1024 U-1025 U-1063 U-1064 U-1065 U-1103 U-1104 U-1105 U-1106 U-1107 U-1108 U-1109 U-1110 U-1163 U-1164 U-1165 U-1166 U-1167 U-1168 U-1169 U-1170 U-1171 U-1172 U-1271 U-1272 U-1273 U-1274 U-1275 U-1276 U-1277 U-1278 U-1279 U-1301 U-1302 U-1303 U-1304 U-1305 U-1306 U-1307 U-1308
Type VIID	U-213 U-214 U-215 U-216 U-217 U-218
Type VIIF	U-1059 U-1060 U-1061 U-1062
Preceded by:Type II Followed by:Type IX List of U-boats of Germany

v t e Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in April 1944
Shipwrecks	2 Apr:U-360 3 Apr:U-288 4 Apr:I-169 6 Apr:U-302,U-455 7 Apr:I-2,U-856 8 Apr:U-2,U-962 9 Apr:U-515 10 Apr:USS SC-497,U-68 11 Apr:Akigumo,U-108 12 Apr:I-174 13 Apr:Ikazuchi 14 Apr:Bärenfels,Fort Stikine,U-448 15 Apr:No. 7 16 Apr:U-550 17 Apr:U-342,U-986 18 Apr:USS Gudgeon,Pan-Pennsylvania 19 Apr:U-974 20 Apr:USS Lansdale,Paul Hamilton,Voorbode 21 Apr:M 553 22 Apr:U-311 23 Apr:Amagiri 26 Apr:V 606 Fladengrund,I-180,U-488,Yoshida Maru No. 1 27 Apr:Frank E. Vigor,James H. Reed,U-803,Yūbari 28 Apr:USS LST-507 29 Apr:HMCS Athabaskan,I-183,USSPT-346,Sirène,U-421 30 Apr:Ro-45 Unknown date:U-193,U-355
Other incidents	2 Apr:I-46,Ro-46 10 Apr:USS Holder 11 Apr:USS Cero 13 Apr:USS Bashaw 14 Apr:Bombay explosion,HMHS Chantilly 16 Apr:Pan-Pennsylvania 20 Apr:Bergen explosion 24 Apr:LST-407 27 Apr:USS Etamin 29 Apr:USS Seahorse
194319441945 March 1944May 1944

52°09′N19°07′W / 52.150°N 19.117°W /52.150; -19.117

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