_in_Brockhaus_1937.jpg) U-33, a typical Type VIIA boat | |
| History | |
|---|---|
 Nazi Germany | |
| Name | U-30 |
| Ordered | 1 April 1935 |
| Builder | DeSchiMAGAG Weser,Bremen |
| Cost | 4,189,000Reichsmark |
| Yard number | 911 |
| Laid down | 24 January 1936 |
| Launched | 4 August 1936 |
| Commissioned | 8 October 1936 |
| Decommissioned | 23 January 1945 |
| Fate | Scuttled in Kupfermühlen Bay on 5 May 1945 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class & type | Type VIIAsubmarine |
| Displacement | |
| Length |
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| Beam |
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| Height | 9.50 m (31 ft 2 in) |
| Draught | 4.37 m (14 ft 4 in) |
| Installed power |
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| Propulsion |
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| Speed |
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| Range | |
| Test depth |
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| Complement | 4 officers, 40–56 enlisted |
| Sensors & processing systems | Gruppenhorchgerät |
| Armament |
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| Service record[1][2] | |
| Part of: |
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| Identification codes: | M 05 559 |
| Commanders: |
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| Operations: |
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| Victories: | |
German submarineU-30 was aType VIIAU-boat ofNazi Germany'sKriegsmarine that served duringWorld War II. She was ordered in April 1935 in violation of theTreaty of Versailles, which prevented the construction and commissioning of any U-boats for the German navy, and as part of the German naval rearmament program known asPlan Z. She sank the linerSS Athenia (1922) on 3 September 1939, under the command ofFritz-Julius Lemp. She was retired from front-line service in September 1940 after undertaking eight war patrols, having sunk 17 vessels and damaging two others.U-30 then served in a training role until the end of the war when she was scuttled. She was later raised andbroken up for scrap in 1948.
U-30 was ordered by theKriegsmarine on 1 April 1935 (as part of Plan Z and in violation of the Treaty of Versailles). Her keel was laid down on 24 January 1936 byAG Weser,Bremen as yard number 911. She waslaunched on 4 August and formally commissioned into the Kriegsmarine on 8 October under the command ofKapitänleutnant (Kptlt.) Hans Cohausz.[1]
Like all Type VIIA submarines,U-30 had twoMAN 6-cylinder 4-stroke M6V 40/46diesel engines totalling 2,100–2,310 PS (1,540–1,700 kW; 2,070–2,280 bhp) as well as twoBrown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 electric motors, that produced 750 PS (550 kW; 740 shp) and allowed her to travel at a maximum of 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph) while surfaced and 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) submerged. She had a range of 6,200 nmi (11,500 km; 7,100 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) while on the surface and 73–94 nmi (135–174 km; 84–108 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) while submerged.U-30 had fivetorpedo tubes, (four in the bow, one in the stern). She could also carry a total of eleven 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedoes or 22 TMA mines or 33 TMB mines and had an8.8 centimetres (3.5 in) C35/L45 deck gun (with 220 rounds). She was equipped with one2 cm (0.79 in) C 30 anti-aircraft gun. After being commissioned and deployed,U-30 was stationed in the German port city ofWilhelmshaven.[3]
During her careerU-30 was involved in eight war patrols and sank 16 merchant ships, totalling 86,165 gross register tons (GRT) and one auxiliary warship of 325 GRT.U-30 also damaged one commercial ship of 5,642 GRT and damaged the BritishbattleshipHMS Barham. All of these attacks took place under the command ofKptlt.Fritz-Julius Lemp.[1][2]
U-30 went to sea on 22 August 1939, before World War II began.[4] Her active service career began on 3 September 1939, just 12 days after leaving Wilhelmshaven and only 10 hours after Great Britain declared war on Germany, she sank the 13,581 GRT passenger ship SSAthenia about 200 nmi (370 km; 230 mi) west of the Hebrides while she was en route fromLiverpool toMontreal in Canada.[5][6] TheAthenia was the first ship sunk in World War II; out of 1,400 passengers, 112 of them, including 28 neutral Americans, died.[6] After sinkingAthenia,U-30 went on to sink two more vessels,Blairlogie and theSS Fanad Head.[4]
Following the attack, the German Ministry of Propaganda checked incoming reports from both London and the German Naval High command. Having been told by theKriegsmarine that there was not a single U-boat in the vicinity ofAthenia on the day of her sinking, the Propaganda Ministry promptly denied all allegations that any German U-boat had sunkAthenia.[6] They claimed instead that the British had torpedoed their own vessel in an attempt to bring the United States into the war on the side of theAllies.[7]
In order to calm down any American response to the sinking ofAthenia,Joachim von Ribbentrop, the German foreign minister, arranged a meeting betweenGrand AdmiralErich Raeder and the American naval attaché on 16 September 1939. During the meeting, Raeder assured the attaché that he had received reports from every German submarine at sea and "as a result of which it was definitely established thatAthenia had not been sunk by a German U-boat".[7] Raeder then asked the attaché to inform the American government.[7] However, not every submarine had returned to port, and all U-boats maintained radio silence while at sea.[7]
OnceU-30 docked on 27 September, Admiral Karl Dönitz met Lemp while he was disembarking from the U-boat. Dönitz later said that Lemp looked "very unhappy" and that he told the Admiral that he was in fact responsible for the sinking ofAthenia. Lemp had mistakenAthenia for anarmed merchant cruiser, which he claimed was zig-zagging. Dönitz subsequently received orders thatAthenia affair was to be kept a "total secret",[7] the High Command of the Navy (OKM) were not to court-martial Lemp as they considered his actions in good faith, and that any other political explanations about the sinking ofAthenia were to be handled by the OKM, who would deny any allegations that a German U-boat had sunk the vessel. In order to keep the sinking ofAthenia a secret, Dönitz hadU-30's log altered in order to erase any evidence. It was not until theNuremberg trials in 1946 that the truth about the fate of the liner was brought forth publicly by the Germans.[7][8]
As a result of the investigation undertaken by the German General Staff following the sinking ofAthenia,U-30 remained in port until 9 December 1939, when she was finally allowed to put to sea again for her second war patrol. It lasted only six days, during which time she travelled up to the southern coast of (then neutral) Norway before returning to Wilhelmshaven on 14 December 1939. During the voyageU-30 did not encounter any enemy vessels, consequently she returned to port without any claims.[9]
U-30's third patrol was much more successful. Having left Wilhelmshaven on 23 December 1939, she journeyed into the North Sea. She then circumnavigated the British Isles and travelled along the southern coast of Ireland. It was near to the west coast of Scotland thatU-30 sank her first enemy vessel during her third patrol, the 325 GRT anti-submarine trawler HMSBarbara Robertson, on 28 December. That same day, she hit a much bigger target, the British battleship HMSBarham. Following the sinking ofBarbara Robertson,U-30 fired a torpedo at the battleship and damaged her, killing four crew members.U-30's next three victims were sunk by mines laid by the U-boat:El Oso, sunk on 11 January;Gracia, damaged on 16 January andCairnross, sunk on 17 January. Meanwhile,U-30 returned to her home port of Wilhelmshaven on 17 January 1940.[10]
The fourth patrol thatU-30 undertook began on 11 March 1940, when she left Wilhelmshaven for the west coast of Norway in preparation for theinvasion of that country. For a period of 20 days, she traveled northeast along the Norwegian coast in search of any Allied convoys; she did not find any and returned to Wilhelmshaven on 30 March 1940.[11]
Like her fourth patrol,U-30's fifth patrol ended without any losses. She put to sea on 3 April 1940 to support the German invasion of Norway and Denmark (codenamed OperationWeserubung). For 32 days,U-30 travelled up the west coast of Norway. She then headed southwest to Scotland in order to intercept British warships that were heading north to defend Norway. She failed to encounter any vessels, however, and returned to Wilhelmshaven, arriving there on 4 May.[12]
U-30's sixth patrol was the first time in which she had sunk any enemy ships since her third patrol. Having left Wilhelmshaven on 8 June 1940, she once again entered theNorth Sea in an attempt to sink any Allied ships in the area. For 32 days,U-30 circumnavigated the British Isles and sank five enemy ships in theBay of Biscay. The first vessel to be attacked was the 4,876 GRT British merchantmanOtterpool, which was sunk on 20 June 1940. Two days later, the 3,999 GRT Norwegian vesselRandsfjord was sunk. On 28 June, the British shipLlanarth was torpedoed, followed byBeignon on 1 July and the EgyptianAngele Mabro on 6 July. Following these attacks,U-30 headed back to port. Instead of returning to Wilhelmshaven, however, U-30 put in atLorient, in France, which had been captured after thefall of that country. In doing so, she became the first German U-boat to enter the port.[13][14]
U-30 began her first patrol operating from Lorient and her seventh overall on 13 July 1940. During a period of 12 days, she traveled as far south as Portugal and sank the 712 GRT British shipEllaroy on the 21st. Three days later, on 24 July,U-30 returned to Lorient,[15] having experienced a malfunction in one of her engines.[14] It then became clear that the boat was suffering a number of mechanical difficulties and as a result it was decided that she would need to be used sparingly. For her next patrol it was decided that she would leave from Lorient, but would return to Germany.[16]
The eighth and last war patrol thatU-30 was to undertake began on 5 August 1940, when she left Lorient for theNorth Atlantic. In 26 days, she travelled north of the British Isles, into the North Sea and entered the German port city of Kiel on 30 August 1940. During that time, she sank the Swedish vesselCanton on 9 August and the British steam merchantmanClan Macphee on 16 August 1940. Both of these attacks took place off the west coast of neutral Ireland.[17] After these successes, however,U-30 once again experienced engine trouble and was forced to end her patrol early, returning to Germany. Before she arrived, Lemp received word that he had been awarded theKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross for the boat's previous war patrols.[18]
Following her eighth patrol,U-30 was retired from front-line service on 15 September 1940 and was assigned to training flotillas in the Baltic for the rest of the war.[19] After her retirement, many ofU-30's experienced crew members, including Lemp, were transferred toU-110.[20] In the last months of the war,U-30 was used as a range boat (gunnery platform) before being scuttled by her crew on 5 May 1945 at Flensburg inKupfermühlen Bay, in order to avoid surrendering the boat to the Allies as part ofOperation Regenbogen.[21] The wreck of the U-boat was later raised andbroken up in 1948.[1]
U-30 took part in onewolfpack, namely:
During her service in theKriegsmarine,U-30 sank 16 merchant ships, a loss of 86,165 GRT, and one auxiliary warship for a loss of 325 GRT. She also damaged one merchant ship of 5,642 GRT and damaged thebattleship HMSBarham.[22]
| Date[22] | Ship[22] | Nationality[22] | Tonnage[Note 1][22] | Fate[22] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 September 1939 | Athenia |  United Kingdom | 13,581 | Sunk |
| 11 September 1939 | Blairlogie | United Kingdom | 4,425 | Sunk |
| 14 September 1939 | Fanad Head | United Kingdom | 5,200 | Sunk |
| 28 December 1939 | HMTBarbara Robertson |  Royal Navy | 325 | Sunk |
| 28 December 1939 | HMS Barham | Royal Navy | 31,100 | Damaged |
| 11 January 1940 | El Oso | United Kingdom | 7,267 | Sunk |
| 16 January 1940 | Gracia | United Kingdom | 5,642 | Damaged |
| 17 January 1940 | Cairnross | United Kingdom | 5,494 | Sunk |
| 7 February 1940 | Munster | United Kingdom | 4,305 | Sunk |
| 9 February 1940 | Chagres | United Kingdom | 5,406 | Sunk |
| 8 March 1940 | Counsellor | United Kingdom | 5,068 | Sunk |
| 20 June 1940 | Otterpool | United Kingdom | 4,876 | Sunk |
| 22 June 1940 | Randsfjord |  Norway | 3,999 | Sunk |
| 28 June 1940 | Llanarth | United Kingdom | 5,053 | Sunk |
| 1 July 1940 | Beignon | United Kingdom | 5,218 | Sunk |
| 6 July 1940 | Angele Mabro |  Egypt | 3,154 | Sunk |
| 21 July 1940 | Ellaroy | United Kingdom | 712 | Sunk |
| 9 August 1940 | Canton |  Sweden | 5,779 | Sunk |
| 16 August 1940 | Clan Macphee | United Kingdom | 6,628 | Sunk |
Authority control databases: National |
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