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German ocean-going torpedo boats and destroyers of World War I

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TheGerman large, or ocean-going, torpedo boats and destroyers of World War I were built by theImperial German Navy between 1899 and 1918 as part of its quest for a “High Seas” or ocean-going fleet. At the start of theFirst World War Germany had 132 such ships, and ordered a further 216 during the conflict, 112 of which were actually completed. Of these, 55 were lost during the war, 50 were interned on 23 November 1918 under the terms of the Armistice, and subsequently scuttled at Scapa Flow on 21 June 1919. Of the survivors, 32 were included in the post-war Germany navy (some surviving to see service as auxiliaries in the Second World War), 36 were surrendered to Allied powers in 1920, and the remainder were scrapped in 1921.

Designation

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Officially they were called "large torpedo-boats" (Große Torpedoboote) or "ocean-going torpedo-boats" (Hochseetorpedoboote), they were in many ways the equivalent of the contemporarydestroyers in other navies (and were often referred to as such by their crews).[1] The Imperial German Navy also had a number of vessels officially designated "destroyers" (Zerstörer), but numbered sequentially in the same series as the torpedo-boats. These were, primarily, vessels under construction for foreign navies and taken over at the outbreak of the First World War.

Background

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The firstGerman Naval Law of 1898 legislated the construction of anocean-going battle fleet by Imperial Germany. To accompany the squadrons of battleships and cruisers, the law called for the construction of flotillas of considerably larger, better armed and more seaworthy than the previous torpedo boats built by Germany.Although they were initially given numbers in the same series asthe smaller torpedo-boats, they were separated in 1911, with the large torpedo boats numbered fromSMSV1, and the older vessels re-numbered with a 'T-'prefix. During the next 20 years a total of 336 such vessels were ordered for the German navy; these vessels are listed in this article.

General remarks

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Programs

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The German Navy's strength during the years prior to the outbreak of the First World War was mandated by a series of acts of theReichstag, which prescribed the numbers of ships constituting the fleet, as well as age at which these ships should be replaced.The original 1898 Naval Law called for a force 19 Battleships (in two battle squadrons), 8 Armored Coastal Defense Vessels (forming a third battle squadron), 12 large and 30 small cruisers, supported by six flotillas of Ocean-going torpedo boats (two flotillas each for the three battle squadrons). Each flotilla consisted of 12 vessels, or 72 in total.Admiral Tirpitz, the originator of this law, called for these vessels to be large enough to cope with rough seas, but small enough to be commanded by a single officer (due to the man-power constraints of the German Navy at that time).

The1900 Naval Law, which provided for a major expansion of the German Navy (in reaction to the growing antipathy towards Great Britain provoked by the outbreak of theBoer War) expanded the torpedo-boat force to 144 vessels, half in commission, half in reserve with 60% nucleus crews. From 1898 until 1905, torpedo boats were ordered at a rate of 6 per year.

The total number of torpedo boats remained the same under the 1906 Law, although the number in commission increased to 99, with 45 in material reserve. Older vessels were to be replaced after 12 years of service, so that the annual rate of construction increased to 12 vessels in 1906 and subsequent years.

Following the outbreak of war in August 1914, 48 new vessels of the latest design were quickly ordered. This was augmented in the following weeks by seizures of vessels and machinery under manufacture in Germany for foreign powers, resulting in the addition of 4 small and 12 extra-large torpedo boats (the later group officially being designateddestroyers). More orders were placed in 1916 and later years, although the deteriorating war situation of Germany meant that only a portion of these vessels were ever completed.

Designations and builders

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As was common with other naval powers, the Germany Admiralty gave broad specifications for the vessels they ordered but allowed shipbuilders considerable latitude in the detail designs, with the result that there were various minor differences between vessels, even between vessels ordered in the same year. German torpedo-boats were not given names, but were numbered in a sequential series[a], with an initial letter to denote the builder:

LetterBuilderNumber of vessels[b]
BBlohm & Voss,Hamburg
9
GGermaniawerft,Kiel
58
HHowaldtswerke,Kiel
24
SSchichau-Werke,Elbing andDanzig
135
VAG Vulcan,Stettin andHamburg[c]
109
WwWilhelmshaven Imperial Shipyard
1[d].

Comparison with foreign vessels

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Germany's main naval adversary of this period wasGreat Britain. Generally speaking, German large torpedo-boats tended to be slightly smaller than contemporary British destroyers, with lighter gun armament but heavier torpedo armament. Germany favored a well-deck forward of the bridge, mounting torpedo tubes, with a shortfo'c'sle mounting a single gun; thefreeboard was kept small in order to reduce the silhouette (so that the vessel would be more difficult for an adversary to spot); these features made fighting in rough weather difficult, and in later designs the well-deck was deleted and the fo'c'sle extended. Germany was slower than Britain in adopting new propulsion technologies such as steam turbines, oil fuel and geared turbines[e].

Type 1898

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Main article:S90-class torpedo boat

1898 Program

  • length: 62.7 m (205 ft 9 in) water-line, 63.0 m (206 ft 8 in) over-all;beam: 7.0 m (23.0 ft);draft: 2.83 m (9 ft 3 in) deep load
  • Displacement: 310 tons normal, 394 tons full
  • Machinery:triple expansion engines driving two propellers, 5900HP (4.4 MW); speed: 27knots (50 km/h); 93 tons coal; Range : 830nautical miles at 17 knots
  • Crew: 57 men
  • Weapons: three5 cm SK L/40 (2") guns in single mountings; three 45 cm (18 in) torpedo tubes, single center-line mountings (one in well-deck forward of the bridge, two others amidships).
VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
S9026 Jul 189924 Oct 1899based in the German colony ofTsingtao in 1914; On 17 Oct 1914 during theSiege of Tsingtao, she sortied and sank the cruiserIJNSTakachiho, but, unable to escape the Allied blockade after running aground, she was scuttled, c. 35 nautical miles south-west of Tsingtao (35°32′N119°36′E / 35.533°N 119.600°E /35.533; 119.600 (SMS S90)).
S9125 Sep 189924 Apr 1900served overseas 1900–02; renamedT 91 (4 Sep 1914); served as a coastal defense vessel, and then as a tender (from 1915); stricken from list, 22 Mar 1921; sold 26 May 1921 and scrapped, Düsseldorf.
S9215 May 190027 Jun 1900served overseas 1900–02; renamedT 92 (4 Sep 1914); mine-sweeping and escort vessel, 1914–18; stricken from list, 22 Mar 1921; sold 26 May 1921 and scrapped, Düsseldorf.
S9324 Mar 190014 Jul 1900renamedT 93 (4 Sep 1914); coastal defense and escort vessel, 1914–18 ; stricken from list, 22 Mar 1921; sold 26 May 1921 and scrapped, Düsseldorf.
S9423 Apr 190027 Jul 1900renamedT 94 (4 Sep 1914); coastal defense and tender, 1914–18 ; sunk, 13 Mar 1920 at Wilhelmshaven during theKapp Putsch; raised, stricken 26 Oct 1920; sold 13 May 1921 and scrapped, Wilhelmshaven.
S9520 Feb 190029 Aug 1900renamedT 95 (4 Sep 1914); Sold 22 Mar 1921 and scrapped, Kiel, 1921.

1899 Program

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
S9631 Jan 190027 Sep 1900renamedT 96 (4 Sep 1914); Sold 22 Mar 1921 and scrapped, Düsseldorf, 1921.
S9716 Dec 189928 May 1900on completion she served as the disarmed dispatch vesselSleipner for service with Royal yacht; following the outbreak of war, she was re-armed and renamedT 97 (4 Sep 1914); Sold 22 Mar 1921 and scrapped, Düsseldorf, 1921.
S9828 Jul 19004 Nov 1900renamedT 98 (4 Sep 1914); Sold 22 Mar 1921 and scrapped, Düsseldorf, 1921.
S994 Sep 190013 Dec 1900renamedT 99 (4 Sep 1914); Sold 22 Mar 1921 and scrapped, Düsseldorf, 1921.
S10013 Nov 190018 Apr 1901renamedT 100 (4 Sep 1914); training vessel; sunk 15 Oct 1915 in collision with ferryPreußen c. 5 miles south-east of Sassnitz, Baltic Sea (54°30′N13°43′E / 54.500°N 13.717°E /54.500; 13.717 (SMS S100)) (39 killed); wreck was blown up and raised, 1925–26.
S10122 Dec 190030 Apr 1901renamedT 101 (4 Sep 1914); Sold 22 Mar 1921 and scrapped, Kiel, 1921.

1900 Program

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
S10218 Apr 190118 Jul 1901renamedT 102 (4 Sep 1914); Sold 22 Mar 1921 and scrapped, Kiel, 1921.
S10315 May 190117 Sep 1901renamedT 103 (4 Sep 1914); Sold 22 Mar 1921 and scrapped, Düsseldorf, 1921.
S10422 Jun 19017 Oct 1901renamedT 104 (4 Sep 1914); Sold 22 Mar 1921 and scrapped, Düsseldorf, 1921.
S1057 Aug 190117 Nov 1901renamedT 105 (4 Sep 1914); Sold 22 Mar 1921 and scrapped, Düsseldorf, 1921.
S1067 Sep 19019 Dec 1901renamedT 106 (4 Sep 1914); Sold 22 Mar 1921 and scrapped, Düsseldorf, 1921.
S10717 Oct 190127 Jan 1902renamedT 107 (4 Sep 1914); Sold 22 Mar 1921 and scrapped, Kiel, 1921.

1901 Program

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
G1087 Sep 190126 Mar 1902renamedT 108 (4 Sep 1914); Sold 22 Mar 1921 and scrapped, Hamburg, 1921.
G1099 Nov 190119 Jun 1902renamedT 109 (4 Sep 1914); Sold 22 Mar 1921 and scrapped, Kiel, 1921.
G1109 Sep 190221 Jan 1903renamedT 110 (4 Sep 1914); Sold 22 Mar 1921 and scrapped, Hamburg.
G1112 Apr 190221 Jul 1902renamedT 111 (4 Sep 1914); Sold 22 Mar 1920 and scrapped, Kiel, 1921.
G11219 Jun 19026 Sep 1902renamedT 111 (4 Sep 1914); Sold 22 Mar 1920 and scrapped, Kiel, 1921.
G1139 Aug 190216 Oct 1902renamedT 113 (4 Sep 1914); sold 22 Mar 1921 and scrapped, Wilhelmshaven, 1921.

1902 Program

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
S1149 Aug 190225 Oct 1902renamedT 114 (27 Sep 1916); Sold 9 Nov 1920 and scrapped, Kiel, 1921.
S11510 Sep 190222 Feb 1903Sunk 17 Oct 1914 inaction c. 50 miles SW of Texel Island, North Sea (52°48′N3°49′E / 52.800°N 3.817°E /52.800; 3.817 (SMS S115)) by light cruiserHMS Undaunted and the destroyersHMS Lennox,HMS Lance,HMS Loyal andHMS Legion (55 killed).
S11614 Oct 190228 Mar 1903Torpedoed and sunk, 6 Oct 1914, c. 10 miles north ofSchiermonnikoog, North Sea (53°42′N6°9′E / 53.700°N 6.150°E /53.700; 6.150 (SMS S116)) by the British submarineE 9 (9 killed).
S1174 Feb 190321 May 1903Sunk 17 Oct 1914 withS115, in52°48′N3°53′E / 52.800°N 3.883°E /52.800; 3.883 (SMS S117) (64 killed).
S11821 Mar 19039 Jul 1903Sunk 17 Oct 1914 withS 115, in52°50′N3°49′E / 52.833°N 3.817°E /52.833; 3.817 (SMS S118) (52 killed).
S1198 Jul 19036 Sep 1903Sunk 17 Oct 1914 withS115, in52°50′N3°53′E / 52.833°N 3.883°E /52.833; 3.883 (SMS S119) (47 killed); code books subsequently recovered byRoyal Navy Intelligence.

1903 Program

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
S12010 Feb 19047 May 1904renamedT 120 (27 Sep 1916); sold 22 Mar 1921 and scrapped, Wilhelmshaven, 1921.
S1213 Mar 190417 Jun 1904renamedT 121 (27 Sep 1916); Sold 22 Mar 1920 and scrapped, Kiel, 1921.
S12223 Apr 19045 Aug 1904mined and sunk 5 Oct 1918 c. 50 miles north of Ameland, North Sea (54°40′N5°57′E / 54.667°N 5.950°E /54.667; 5.950 (SMS S122)) (12 killed).
S12325 Jun 190423 Aug 1904mined and sunk 1 May 1916 northern end of Sylt Island, North Sea (55°4′N8°23′E / 55.067°N 8.383°E /55.067; 8.383 (SMS S123)) (23 killed).
S1243 Aug 19048 Oct 1904sunk 30 Nov 1914 in collision with DanishS.S. Anglodane, c. 12 miles north of Rostock, Baltic (54°22′N12°11′E / 54.367°N 12.183°E /54.367; 12.183 (SMS S124)) (1 killed); wreck raised and scrapped, Kiel, 1915.
S12519 May 19044 Apr 1905renamedT 125 (27 Sep 1916); sold 26 Oct 1920 and scrapped, Hamburg-Moorburg.

1904 Program

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
S12626 Nov 190430 Apr 1905sunk in collision withSMS Undine, 17 Nov 1905 (33 killed); raised 1906 and returned to service, 1908; renamedT 126 (27 Sep 1916); Sold 22 Mar 1920 and scrapped, Kiel, 1921.
S12712 Jan 19057 Jun 1905renamedT 120 (27 Sep 1916); sold 22 Mar 1921 and scrapped, Wilhelmshaven, 1921.
S12825 Feb 19058 Jul 1905renamedT 128 (27 Sep 1916); Sold 22 Mar 1920 and scrapped, Kiel, 1921.
S1294 Mar 190510 Aug 1905wrecked 5 Nov 1915 c. 3 miles north-west ofNigehörn Island, North Sea (53°59′N8°21′E / 53.983°N 8.350°E /53.983; 8.350 (SMS S123)) (0 killed).
S13027 Apr 190517 Sep 1905renamedT 130 (27 Sep 1916); sold 22 Mar 1921 and scrapped, Wilhelmshaven, 1921.
S13125 May 19056 Oct 1905renamedT 131 (27 Sep 1916); sold 22 Mar 1921 and scrapped, Wilhelmshaven, 1921.

1905 Program

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
G13212 May 190622 Aug 1906renamedT 132 (27 Sep 1916); sold 22 Mar 1921 and scrapped, Wilhelmshaven, 1921.
G13330 Jun 190610 Dec 1906renamedT 133 (27 Sep 1916); sold 22 Mar 1921 and scrapped, Wilhelmshaven, 1921.
G13423 Jul 19066 Mar 1907renamedT 134 (27 Sep 1916); sold 9 Nov 1920 and scrapped Hamburg, 1920.
G1357 Sep 190624 Jan 1906renamedT 135 (27 Sep 1916); sold 25 May 1921 and scrapped, Wilhelmshaven, 1921.
G13625 Aug 190616 Mar 1907renamedT 136 (27 Sep 1916); sold 21 Jul 1921 and scrapped, Wilhelmshaven, 1921.
G13724 Jan 190724 Jul 1907renamedT 137 (27 Sep 1916); sold 22 Mar 1921 and scrapped, Wilhelmshaven, 1921.

Type 1906

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Main article:S138-class torpedo boat

1906 Program (II Flotilla)

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
S13822 Sep 19067 May 1907renamedT 138 (24 Sep 1917); mined and sunk, c. 50 miles north-west of Terschelling, North Sea (54°26′N4°32′E / 54.433°N 4.533°E /54.433; 4.533 (SMS S138)), 0106 hrs, 7 Jul 1918 (32 killed).
S13912 Nov 19066 Jul 1907renamedT 139 (24 Sep 1917); toReichsmarine, 1919; removed from active service 3 Aug 1927; converted to remote control vesselPfeil, 1927; still in use, 1944; ultimate fate unknown, presumably scrapped post-1945.
S14022 Dec 19063 Aug 1907renamedT 140 (24 Sep 1917); sold for scrap, 22 Mar 1921.
S1417 Feb 19079 Sep 1907renamedT 141 (24 Sep 1917); to Reichsmarine, 1919; removed from active service 3 Aug 1927; converted to target vesselBlitz, 1927; sold for scrap, 1933.
S1426 Mar 190720 Sep 1907renamedT 142 (24 Sep 1917); training and escort vessel; sold for scrap, 2 Dec 1920.
S1436 Apr 190712 Oct 1907sunk 1700 hrs 3 Aug 1914 following a boiler explosion, c. 30 miles north of Rostock, Baltic (54°30′N12°06′E / 54.500°N 12.100°E /54.500; 12.100 (SMS S143)) (24 killed); raised and repaired; renamedT 143 (24 Sep 1917); to Reichsmarine, 1919; stricken from Navy list, 10 May 1927; sold 25 Mar 30 and scrapped, Hamburg.
S14427 Apr 19073 Dec 1907renamedT 144 (24 Sep 1917); Tender, 1918; to Reichsmarine, 1919; sold for scrap 8 Oct 1928.
S1458 Jun 190717 Dec 1907renamedT 145 (24 Sep 1917); sold for scrap 22 Mar 1921.
S14627 Jun 190720 Nov 1907renamedT 146 (24 Sep 1917); training vessel; to Reichsmarine, 1919; sold for scrap 8 Oct 1928.
S1473 Aug 190710 Apr 1908renamedT 147 (24 Sep 1917); escort vessel; sold for scrap, 2 Dec 1920.
S14811 Sep 190718 Mar 1908renamedT 148 (24 Sep 1917); to Reichsmarine, 1919; removed from Navy List 8 Oct 1928; scrapped, Wilhelmshaven, 1935.
S14919 Oct 190727 Jul 1908renamedT 149 (24 Sep 1917); to Reichsmarine, 1919; removed from Navy list, 16 May 1927; scrapped.

1907 Program (VI Flotilla)

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
V1501 Aug 190720 Nov 1907sunk in collision withV 157, 0020 hrs, 18 May 1915 in the Jade in54°24′N7°45′E / 54.400°N 7.750°E /54.400; 7.750 (SMS V150) (60 killed).
V15114 Sep 190729 Feb 1908renamedT 151 (24 Sep 1917); to Reichsmarine, 1919; target tugComet, 1937; escort vessel, 1939; Mine clearance service, 1945; transferred to USA, 4 Jan 1946; scrapped, Bremen 1948.
V15211 Oct 190710 Apr 1908renamedT 152 (24 Sep 1917); to Reichsmarine, 1919; sold 31 Mar 1931; scrapped, 1935.
V15313 Nov 19079 May 1908renamedT 153 (24 Sep 1917); to Reichsmarine, 1919; training shipEduard Jungmann, 1938; transferred to USA, 22 Dec 1945; Mine clearance service until 1947; scrapped, 1949.
V15419 Dec 19075 Jun 1908renamedT 154 (24 Sep 1917); to Reichsmarine, 1919; sold 8 Oct 1928; scrapped, 1935.
V15528 Jan 190825 Jun 1908renamedT 155 (24 Sep 1917); to Reichsmarine, 1919; tender and escort vessel, 1936; sunk,Swinemünde, 22 Apr 1945 in53°56′N14°17′E / 53.933°N 14.283°E /53.933; 14.283 (SMS V155); later scrapped.
V15629 Feb 190821 Jul 1908training vessel; renamedT 156 (24 Sep 1917); to Reichsmarine, 1919; escort vessel, 1936; renamedBremse, in Norway, 1944; sunk, 3 May 1945,Kiel; later scrapped.
V15729 May 190827 Aug 1908renamedT 157 (24 Sep 1917); to Reichsmarine, 1919; escort vessel, 1936; mined and sunk, 17.25 hrs, 22 Oct 1943 atNeufahrwasser, Danzig in54°25′N18°43′E / 54.417°N 18.717°E /54.417; 18.717 (SMS V157). raised and scrapped.
V15823 Jun 19088 Oct 1908renamedT 158 (24 Sep 1917); to Reichsmarine, 1919; escort vessel, 1936; to USSR, asProzorlivyj, 15 Jan 1946; scrapped. 1950.
V15918 Jul 19082 Nov 1908renamedT 159 (24 Sep 1917); to UK, 20 Aug 1920; scrapped,Granton, Edinburgh, 1922.
V16012 Sep 190815 Dec 1908renamedT 160 (24 Sep 1917); to UK, 20 Aug 1920; scrapped, Granton, 1922.
V16121 Apr 190817 Sep 1908renamedT 161 (24 Sep 1917); to UK, 3 Sep 1920; scrappedBo'ness, 1922.

1908 Program (III Flotilla)

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
V1629 May 190928 May 1909coastal defence; mined and sunk, Baltic, 22.30 hrs, 15 Aug 1916 in57°35′N21°35′E / 57.583°N 21.583°E /57.583; 21.583 (SMS V162) (15 killed).
V16324 May 190922 Jul 1909training vessel; renamedT 163 (24 Sep 1917); to UK, 3 Sep 1920; scrapped, Dordrecht, 1921.
V16427 May 190920 Aug 1909renamedT 164 (24 Sep 1917); to UK, 5 Aug 1920; scrapped, Bo'ness, 1922.
S165(i)20 Mar 1909-sold to Turkey, 1910 asMuavenet-i Milliye; laid up 1918; scrapped, 1953.
S166(i)24 Apr 1909-sold to Turkey, 1910 asYadigar-i Millet; sunk by British bombing attack, Bosporus, 10 Jul 1917 in39°56′N29°10′E / 39.933°N 29.167°E /39.933; 29.167 (Yadigar-i Millet) (29 killed): raised Oct 1917; scrapped 1924.
S167(i)3 Jul 1909-sold to Turkey, 1910 asNumune-i Hamiyet, laid up, 1919; scrapped, 1923.
S168(i)30 Sep 1909-sold to Turkey, 1910 asGayret-i Vataniye; wrecked, 28 Oct 1916 offBalchik in theBlack Sea.
G16929 Dec 190829 Apr 1909renamedT 169 (24 Sep 1917); to UK, 5 Aug 1920; scrapped, Dordrecht, 1922.
G1707 Nov 190930 Apr 1909renamedT 170 (24 Sep 1917); sold 22 Mar 1921 and scrapped, Wilhelmshaven, 1921.
G17128 May 19094 Jan 1910sunk in collision withSMS Zähringen in54°10′N8°5′E / 54.167°N 8.083°E /54.167; 8.083 (SMS G171), 14 Sep 1912 (7 killed); wreck blown up, 1912.
G17210 Jul 19094 Jan 1910renamedT 172 (24 Sep 1917); mined and sunk 04.28 hrs, 7 Jul 1918, North Sea in54°26′N4°35′E / 54.433°N 4.583°E /54.433; 4.583 (SMS G172) (16 killed).
G17328 Jul 190924 Jan 1910renamedT 173 (24 Sep 1917); to UK, 3 Sep 1920; scrapped, Montrose, 1922.

1909 Program (VIII Flotilla)

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
G1748 Jan 19106 Jul 1910renamedT 174 (22 Feb 1918); to UK, 5 Aug 1920; scrapped, Granton, 1922.
G17524 Feb 19104 Dec 1910temporarily renamedSleipner for two months in 1912 while serving as a despatch boat; renamedT 175 (24 Sep 1917); to Reichsmarine, 1919; deleted from list and sold (for 63 000 ℛℳ), 23 Sep 1926; scrapped, Hamburg.
S17612 Apr 191023 Sep 1910renamedT 176 (22 Feb 1918); to UK, 15 Sep 1920; scrapped, Montrose, 1922.
S17721 May 191016 Feb 1911mined and sunk, Baltic, 09.46 hrs 23 Dec 1915 in57°30′N21°27′E / 57.500°N 21.450°E /57.500; 21.450 (SMS G172) (7 killed).
S17814 Jul 19109 Dec 1910sunk in collision withSMS Yorck, 4 Mar 1913 (69 killed); wreck raised in two parts and repaired, 1915; renamedT 178 (22 Feb 1918); to UK, 5 Aug 1920; scrapped, Dordrecht, 1922.
S17927 Aug 19108 Mar 1911renamedT 179 (22 Feb 1918); to UK, 5 Aug 1920; scrapped, Dordrecht, 1922.
V18015 Oct 19094 Jan 1910renamedT 179 (22 Feb 1918); to Brazil, 5 Aug 1920; scrapped, Dordrecht, 1921.
V1816 Nov 190911 Mar 1910renamedT 181 (22 Feb 1918); to Japan, 20 Aug 1920; scrapped, Dordrecht, 1922.
V1821 Dec 19094 May 1910renamedT 182 (22 Feb 1918); to UK, 5 Aug 1920; scrapped, Dordrecht, 1922.
V18323 Dec 190912 May 1910renamedT 183 (22 Feb 1918); to UK, 5 Aug 1920; scrapped, Dordrecht, 1922.
V18426 Feb 191029 Jun 1910renamedT 184 (22 Feb 1918); to UK, 5 Aug 1920; scrapped, Dordrecht, 1922.
V1859 Apr 191020 Sep 1910renamedT 185 (22 Feb 1918); to Reichsmarine, 1919; deleted, 4 Oct 1932; used as target vessel; to USSR asVystrel, 1945.

1910 Program (I Flotilla)

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
V18628 Nov 191021 Apr 1911renamedT 186 (22 Feb 1918); to UK, 5 Aug 1920; scrapped, Dordrecht, 1922.
V18711 Jan 19114 May 1911sunk by gunfire of British cruisers and destroyers,Battle of Heligoland Bight in52°8′N7°31′E / 52.133°N 7.517°E /52.133; 7.517 (SMS V187), 10.00 hrs 28 Aug 1914 (24 killed).
V1888 Feb 191120 May 1911Torpedoed and sunk by British submarineE-16, North Sea in54°16′N5°35′E / 54.267°N 5.583°E /54.267; 5.583 (SMS S116), 14.00 hrs 26 Jul 1915 (5 killed).
V18914 Mar 191130 Jun 1911renamedT 189 (22 Feb 1918); transferred to UK at Cherbourg, 28 Apr 1920; stranded on British south coast, Dec 1920; scrapped, Chatham, 1922.
V19012 Apr 19115 Aug 1911renamedT 190 (22 Feb 1918); to Reichsmarine, 1919; pilot boatClaus von Bevern, 29 Aug 1938; to USA 1945; scuttled in Skagerrak, 1946.
V1912 Jun 191128 Sep 1911mined and sunk, 17.45 hrs 17 Dec 1915 in Baltic in57°30′N21°34′E / 57.500°N 21.567°E /57.500; 21.567 (SMS V191) (25 killed).
G1925 Nov 19108 May 1911renamedT 192 (22 Feb 1918); transferred to UK at Cherbourg 28 Apr 1920; scrapped, Chatham, 1922.
G19310 Dec 191025 Jun 1911renamedT 193 (22 Feb 1918); transferred to UK at Cherbourg, 28 Apr 1920; scrapped, Chatham, 1922.
G19412 Jan 19112 Aug 1911rammed and sunk in the North Sea byHMS Cleopatra in55°33′N6°5′E / 55.550°N 6.083°E /55.550; 6.083 (SMS G194), 26 Mar 1916 (93 killed).
G1958 Apr 19118 Sep 1911renamedT 195 (22 Feb 1918); transferred to UK at Cherbourg, 28 Apr 1920; scrapped, Chatham, 1922.
G19624 May 19112 Oct 1911renamedT 196 (22 Feb 1918); to Reichsmarine, 1919; training vessel; minesweeper HQ vessel, 1939; to USSR, 27 Dec 1945; renamedPronzitelnyj in Soviet service; later scrapped.
G19723 Jun 191110 Nov 1911renamedT 197 (22 Feb 1918); transferred to UK at Cherbourg, 28 Apr 1920; scrapped, Briton Ferry, 1921.

1910 supplementary orderReplacements for the four vessels sold to Turkey in 1910.

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
S165(ii)26 Nov 191027 Apr 1911renamedT 165 (24 Sep 1917); to UK, 15 Sep 1920; scrapped, Montrose, 1922.
S166(ii)27 Dec 19107 Jul 1911renamedT 166 (24 Sep 1917); to UK, 5 Aug 1920; scrapped, Dordrecht, 1922.
S167(ii)15 Feb 191126 Aug 1911renamedT 167 (24 Sep 1917); sold, 22 Mar 1921; scrapped Kiel.
S168(ii)16 Mar 19111 Jul 1911renamedT 168 (24 Sep 1917); to Reichsmarine, 1919; deleted from the fleet list, 1927 and sold, 8 Jan 1927; scrapped, Hamburg.

Type 1911

[edit]

1911 Program (V Flotilla)On completion, these vessels formed the V Torpedo Boat Flotilla of the High Seas Fleet.

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
V111 Sep 191112 Jan 1912to Reichsmarine, 1919; stricken from the Fleet list, 27 Mar 1929; scrapped, Wilhelmshaven.
V214 Oct 191128 Mar 1912to Reichsmarine, 1919; stricken from the Fleet list, 18 Nov 1929; scrapped, Wilhelmshaven.
V315 Nov 19112 May 1912to Reichsmarine, 1919; stricken from the Fleet list, 18 Nov 1929; scrapped, Wilhelmshaven.
V423 Dec 191115 Jun 1912sunk 03.20 hrs, 1 Jun 1916 during theBattle of Jutland55°36′N6°37′E / 55.600°N 6.617°E /55.600; 6.617 (SMS V4) (18 killed).
V5(i)22 May 1912-Sold to Greece, Jul 1912 asKeravnos; laid up 1919 and scrapped, 1921.
V6(i)29 Feb 1912-Sold to Greece, Jul 1912 asNea Genea; laid up 1919 and scrapped, 1921.
G77 Nov 191130 Apr 1912to Reichsmarine, 1919; Training vessel, 1936; re-designatedT 107, 23 Apr 1939; to USSR, 1945 asPoražajuščij, later hulked; scrapped, 1957.
G821 Dec 19116 Aug 1912to Reichsmarine, 1919; Training vessel, 1936; re-designatedT 108, 23 Apr 1939; to UK, 6 Jan 1946; scrapped 1946.
G931 Jan 191225 Sep 1912mined and sunk 04.15 hrs 3 May 1918 in55°14′N6°19′E / 55.233°N 6.317°E /55.233; 6.317 (SMS G9) (31 killed).
G1015 Mar 191228 Aug 1912to Reichsmarine, 1919; Training vessel, 1936; re-designatedT 110, 23 Apr 1939; sunk, 5 May 1945 in the River Trave,Lübeck.
G1123 Apr 19128 Aug 1912to Reichsmarine, 1919; Training vessel, 1936; re-designatedT 111, 23 Apr 1939; bombed and sunk, 3 Apr 1945 in Scheerhafen,Kiel.
G1215 Jul 191217 Oct 1912damaged in collision withV1, 06.00 hrs 8 Sep 1915 in55°25′N7°28′E / 55.417°N 7.467°E /55.417; 7.467 (SMS G12) and sunk following a torpedo explosion (47 killed).

1912 Program (VII Flotilla)On completion, these vessels formed the VII Torpedo Boat Flotilla of the High Seas Fleet.

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
S137 Dec 19112 Jul 1912sunk 08.56 hrs 6 Nov 1914 in54°0′N8°22′E / 54.000°N 8.367°E /54.000; 8.367 (SMS S13) following a torpedo explosion (9 killed).
S142 Mar 19121 Nov 1912sunk by internal explosion, 19 Feb 1915 in theJade in53°40′N8°5′E / 53.667°N 8.083°E /53.667; 8.083 (SMS S14) (11 killed); raised, 1915 and scrapped, Wilhelmshaven.
S1523 Mar 19121 Nov 1912mined 21 Aug 1917 in the English Channel in51°15′N2°55′E / 51.250°N 2.917°E /51.250; 2.917 (SMS S15); removed from service as beyond repair, 20 Sep 1917 and scrapped, Ghent.
S1620 Apr 19121 Oct 1912mined and sunk 18.15 hrs, 20 Jan 1918 in54°41′N2°55′E / 54.683°N 2.917°E /54.683; 2.917 (SMS S16) (80 killed).
S1722 Jun 19127 Dec 1912mined and sunk 16 May 1917 in53°34′N5°56′E / 53.567°N 5.933°E /53.567; 5.933 (SMS S17) (25 killed).
S1810 Aug 191212 Jan 1913to Reichsmarine, 1919; collided with battleshipHannover off Rugen, 23 May 1922 (10 killed); repaired; stricken from Fleet list, 1929; sold 31 Mar 1931 and scrapped, Kiel, 1935.
S1917 Oct 191229 Mar 1913to Reichsmarine, 1919; stricken from Fleet list, 1929; sold 31 Mar 1931; scrapped, Kiel, 1935.
S204 Dec 19121 Nov 1913sunk in action withHMSCentaur, 04.00 hrs 5 Jun 1917 off Flanders Coast in51°28′N2°48′E / 51.467°N 2.800°E /51.467; 2.800 (SMS S20) (49 killed).
S2111 Jan 191320 Jun 1913rammed and sunk bySMSHamburg 21 Apr 1915 in53°47′N08°09′E / 53.783°N 8.150°E /53.783; 8.150 (SMS S21) (36 killed).
S2215 Feb 191323 Jul 1913mined and sunk 21.35 hrs 26 Mar 1916 in53°46′N5°4′E / 53.767°N 5.067°E /53.767; 5.067 (SMS S22) (76 killed).
S2329 Mar 19131 Nov 1913to Reichsmarine, 1919; renumberedT 123 16 Mar 1932; renamedKomet, 23 Apr 1939; control vessel for radio-controlled target vesselHessen; the fate since November 1944 is unknown.
S2428 Jun 191327 Aug 1913surrendered to the UK at Cherbourg, 28 Apr 1920; stranded on the south coast, 1920; later scrapped.

1912 Supplementary orderReplacements for the two vessels sold to Greece in 1912.

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
V5 (ii)25 Apr 191317 Jul 1913to Reichsmarine, 1919; deleted from Fleet list, 18 Nov 1929; scrapped, Wilhelmshaven.
V6 (ii)28 Feb 1913;17 May 1913to Reichsmarine, 1919; deleted from Fleet list, 27 Mar 1929; scrapped, Wilhelmshaven

Type 1913

[edit]
Main article:V25-class torpedo boat

1913 Program (IX Flotilla)Ordered 1 Apr 1913. On completion, most of these vessels joined the IX Torpedo Boat Flotilla of the High Seas Fleet.

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
V2529 Jan 191427 Jun 1914mined and sunk 04.00 hrs 13 Feb 1915 in54°22′N7°47′E / 54.367°N 7.783°E /54.367; 7.783 (SMS 25) (79 killed).
V2621 Feb 19141 Aug 1914surrendered to UK at Cherbourg, 13 Feb 1920; scrapped, Portishead 1922.
V2726 Mar 19142 Sep 1914sunk during the Battle of Jutland, 17.40 hrs 31 May 1916 in56°24.3′N5°54′E / 56.4050°N 5.900°E /56.4050; 5.900 (SMS V27) (0 killed).
V289 May 191422 Sep 1914surrendered to UK at Cherbourg, 13 Feb 1920; scrapped, Portishead 1922.
V2918 Aug 191419 Oct 1914sunk by torpedo hit fromHMS Petard during the Battle of Jutland, 17.45 hrs 31 May 1916 in56°43′N5°57′E / 56.717°N 5.950°E /56.717; 5.950 (SMS V29) (37 killed).
V3018 Sep 191416 Nov 1914mined and sunk 20 Nov 1918 in54°45′N6°15′E / 54.750°N 6.250°E /54.750; 6.250 (SMS V30), while en route to the surrender of the High Seas Fleet (2 killed).
S3120 Dec 19139 Aug 1914mined and sunk 23.00 hrs 19 Aug 1915 in57°23′N23°5′E / 57.383°N 23.083°E /57.383; 23.083 (SMS S31) during the assault into the Gulf of Riga (11 killed).
S3228 Feb 191410 Sep 1914Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919; raised 19 Jun 1925 and scrapped, Granton.
S334 Apr 19144 Oct 1914torpedoed and sunk by British submarineL 10 11.43 hrs 3 Oct 1918, North Sea in54°44′N5°15′E / 54.733°N 5.250°E /54.733; 5.250 (SMS S33) (5 killed).
S3413 Jun 19145 Nov 1914mined and sunk 03.05 hrs 3 Oct 1918, North Sea in54°45′N5°43′E / 54.750°N 5.717°E /54.750; 5.717 (SMS S34) (70 killed).
S3530 Aug 19144 Dec 1914Sold to Greece Apr 1914, but seized 10 Aug 1914; sunk 20.00 hrs 31 May 1916 during the Battle of Jutland in56°56′N6°4′E / 56.933°N 6.067°E /56.933; 6.067 (SMS S35) (87 killed, including 4 survivors ofV 29).
S3617 Oct 19144 Jan 1915Sold to Greece Apr 1914, but seized 10 Aug 1914; Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919; raised 18 Apr 1925 and scrapped.

1914 Program (VI Flotilla)The last pre-war Flotilla, ordered 22 Apr 1914. On completion, most of these vessels joined the VI Torpedo Boat Flotilla of the High Seas Fleet, (replacingV 151-V 161).

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
G3717 Dec 19142 Jul 1915mined and sunk 04.55 hrs 4 Nov 1917 in54°19′N4°55′E / 54.317°N 4.917°E /54.317; 4.917 (SMS G37) (4 killed).
G3823 Dec 191430 Jul 1915Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
G3916 Jan 191520 Aug 1915Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
G4027 Feb 191516 Sep 1915Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
G4124 Apr 191514 Oct 1915heavily damaged in collision withV 69 during theaction off the North Hinder, 22-23 Jan 1917; laid up in Bruges, and scuttled there on 3 Oct 1918 in51°13′N3°14′E / 51.217°N 3.233°E /51.217; 3.233 (SMS G41), as she was unable to be evacuated.
G4220 May 191510 Nov 1915sunk in action withHMS Broke,2nd Battle of Dover Strait 21 Apr 1917 in51°9′N1°37′E / 51.150°N 1.617°E /51.150; 1.617 (SMS G42) (36 killed).
V4327 Jan 191528 May 1915Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; attempted scuttling on 21 Jun 1919 failed and ship recovered; to USA, 1920;[2] sunk as air bombing target off Cape Henry, 15 Jul 1921.
V4424 Feb 191522 Jul 1915Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; attempted scuttling on 21 Jun 1919 failed and ship recovered; to UK, 1920; after use as gunnery target, beached off Whale Island, Portsmouth Harbour50°48′49″N1°05′43″W / 50.81361°N 1.09528°W /50.81361; -1.09528 (SMS V44), and partially scrapped, c. 1922 (remains still visible in Portsmouth harbour at low tide, 2016).[3]
V4529 Mar 191530 Sep 1915Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
V4623 Dec 191431 Oct 1915Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; attempted scuttling on 21 Jun 1919 failed and ship recovered; to France, 1920; scrapped Cherbourg, 1924.
V4710 Jun 191520 Nov 1915non-seaworthy, unable to evacuate and scuttled 2 Nov 1918,Ghent–Terneuzen Canal in51°14′N3°51′E / 51.233°N 3.850°E /51.233; 3.850 (SMS V47).
V486 Aug 191510 Dec 1915sunk, 21.50 hrs, 31 May 1916, during the Battle of Jutland, in57°1′N6°0′E / 57.017°N 6.000°E /57.017; 6.000 (SMS V48) (87 killed)
B&W of warships
Imperial German Navy Torpedo Boats in 1915

Mobilization Program

48 vessels ordered 6 Aug 1914 as part of the mobilization of the German armed forces for the First World War. The first two,S 49 andS 50 had been originally projected as replacements forS35 andS 36, which were sold to Greece in April 1914.

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
S4910 Apr 191512 Jul 1915Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
S5024 Apr 191515 Aug 1915Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
S5129 Apr 19157 Sep 1915Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; beached while attempting to scuttle, 21 Jun 1919; raised Jul 1919; to UK, 1920; scrapped, Rosyth, 1922.
S5212 Jun 191528 Sep 1915Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
S5318 Sep 191517 Dec 1915Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
S5411 Oct 191530 Jan 1916Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; beached while attempting to scuttle, 21 Jun 1919; to UK, 1920; scrapped Rosyth, 1922.
S556 Nov 19156 Mar 1916Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
S5611 Dec 191516 Apr 1916Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
S578 Jan 19165 May 1916mined and sunk 22.18 hrs 10 Nov 1916, Gulf of Finland59°21′N22°29′E / 59.350°N 22.483°E /59.350; 22.483 (SMS S57) (2 killed).
S585 Feb 19164 Jun 1916mined and sunk 04.25 hrs 11 Nov 1916, Gulf of Finland59°22′N22°48′E / 59.367°N 22.800°E /59.367; 22.800 (SMS S58) (0 killed).
S5916 Feb 19163 Jul 1916mined and sunk 05.48 hrs 11 Nov 1916, Gulf of Finland59°21′N22°45′E / 59.350°N 22.750°E /59.350; 22.750 (SMS S59) (0 killed).
S603 Apr 191615 Aug 1916Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; beached while attempting to scuttle, 21 Jun 1919; to Japan, 1920; scrapped 1920.
S618 Apr 191620 Sep 1916scuttled, Ghent–Terneuzen Canal, 2 Oct 1918 in51°14′N3°51′E / 51.233°N 3.850°E /51.233; 3.850 (SMS S61).
S6213 May 19167 Nov 1916mined and sunk 21.30 hrs 10 Jul 1918 in54°47′N4°52′E / 54.783°N 4.867°E /54.783; 4.867 (SMS S62) (27 killed).
S6325 May 191618 Dec 1916to Italy, 23 May 1920; commissioned asArdimentoso(IT); scrapped, 1937.
S6421 Aug 191615 Mar 1917mined and sunk during theBattle of Moon Sound, 01.00 hrs 18 Oct 1917 in58°43′N23°14′E / 58.717°N 23.233°E /58.717; 23.233 (SMS S64) (6 killed).
S6514 Oct 191622 Apr 1917Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
S6621 Nov 19169 May 1917mined and sunk 20.40 hrs 10 Jul 1918 in54°47′N4°52′E / 54.783°N 4.867°E /54.783; 4.867 (SMS S66) (76 killed).
V673 Aug 19151 Nov 1915built at Hamburg; scuttled, Ghent–Terneuzen Canal, 2 Oct 1918 in51°13′N3°55′E / 51.217°N 3.917°E /51.217; 3.917 (SMS V67).
V6824 Aug 19153 Dec 1915built at Hamburg; mined and sunk 15.05 hrs 8 Aug 1918 in51°33′N3°15′E / 51.550°N 3.250°E /51.550; 3.250 (SMS V68) (18 killed).
V6918 Aug 19159 Jan 1916scuttled, Ghent, 2 Oct 1918 in51°4′N3°51′E / 51.067°N 3.850°E /51.067; 3.850 (SMS V69).
V7014 Oct 19156 Jan 1916built at Hamburg; Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
V711 Sep 191510 Mar 1916interned, Stockholm, 1918; to UK, 13 May 1920; scrapped 1921.
V7230 Dec 191528 Mar 1916mined and sunk 03.45 hrs 11 Nov 1916, Gulf of Finland59°23′N22°51′E / 59.383°N 22.850°E /59.383; 22.850 (SMS V72) (0 killed).
V7324 Sep 191516 Feb 1916Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; beached while attempting to scuttle, 21 Jun 1919; scuttled 21 Jun 1919; to UK, 1920; scrapped Grangemouth 1922.
V7429 Oct 191528 Mar 1916sunk in accidental explosion while loading mines, Zeebrugge, 25 May 1918 in51°20′N3°12′E / 51.333°N 3.200°E /51.333; 3.200 (SMS V74); raised 17 Jul 1918; scuttled, Brugge, 3 Oct 1918 in51°13′0″N3°14′0″E / 51.21667°N 3.23333°E /51.21667; 3.23333 (SMS V74).
V7515 Jan 191629 Apr 1916built at Hamburg; mined and sunk 22.04 hrs 10 Nov 1916, Gulf of Finland59°23′N22°30′E / 59.383°N 22.500°E /59.383; 22.500 (SMS V75) (3 killed).
V7627 Feb 19168 Jun 1916built at Hamburg; mined and sunk 06.25 hrs 11 Nov 1916, Gulf of Finland59°20′N22°23′E / 59.333°N 22.383°E /59.333; 22.383 (SMS V76) (1 killed).
V7728 Feb 191618 May 1916built at Hamburg; scuttled, Ghent–Terneuzen Canal, 2 Oct 1918 in51°13′N3°55′E / 51.217°N 3.917°E /51.217; 3.917 (SMS V77).
V7819 Feb 191618 May 1916Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
V7918 Apr 191611 Jul 1916built at Hamburg; to France, 14 Jun 1920; commissioned asPierre Durand(FR); stricken from list 15 Feb 1933.
V8028 Apr 19166 Jul 1916Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; beached while attempting to scuttle, 21 Jun 1919; to Japan, 1920; scrapped, 1922.
V8127 May 191629 Jul 1916Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; beached while attempting to scuttle, 21 Jun 1919; to UK, 1920; scrapped.
V825 Jul 191630 Aug 1916Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; beached while attempting to scuttle, 21 Jun 1919; to UK, 1920; after use as gunnery target, beached off Whale Island, Portsmouth Harbour50°48′49″N1°05′41″W / 50.81361°N 1.09472°W /50.81361; -1.09472 (SMS V82), and partially scrapped, c. 1922 (remains still visible in Portsmouth harbour at low tide, 2016)[3]
V8310 Jun 19163 Oct 1916built at Hamburg; Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
V8417 Aug 19166 Nov 1916built at Hamburg; mined and sunk 26 May 1917 in53°43′N6°21′E / 53.717°N 6.350°E /53.717; 6.350 (SMS V84) (5 killed).
G8524 Jul 191514 Dec 1915;sunk in action withHMS Broke andHMS Swift,second battle of the Dover strait, 21 Apr 1917 in51°9′N1°37′E / 51.150°N 1.617°E /51.150; 1.617 (SMS G85) (35 killed).
G8624 Aug 191511 Jan 1916Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
G8722 Sep 191510 Feb 1916mined and sunk 06.20 hrs 30 Mar 1918 in54°54′N6°25′E / 54.900°N 6.417°E /54.900; 6.417 (SMS G87) (43 killed).
G8816 Oct 191511 Mar 1916torpedoed and sunk while at anchor off Zeebrugge by aCoastal Motor Boat of the 3rd CMB Division, 00.15 hrs 8 Apr 1917, in51°22′N3°15′E / 51.367°N 3.250°E /51.367; 3.250 (SMS G88) (18 killed).
G8911 Dec 191510 May 1916Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
G9015 Jan 191615 Jun 1916mined and sunk 03.52 hrs 11 Nov 1916, Gulf of Finland59°23′N22°48′E / 59.383°N 22.800°E /59.383; 22.800 (SMS G90) (11 killed).
G9116 Nov 191522 Jul 1916Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
G9215 Feb 191625 Aug 1916Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
G9311 Jul 191627 Sep 1916mined and sunk 06.30 hrs 30 Mar 1918 in54°54′N6°25′E / 54.900°N 6.417°E /54.900; 6.417 (G93) (10 killed).
G941 Aug 191626 Oct 1916mined and sunk 05.40 hrs 30 Mar 1918 in54°54′N6°25′E / 54.900°N 6.417°E /54.900; 6.417 (SMS G94) (13 killed).
G9519 Aug 191625 Nov 1916to UK 5 Aug 1920; scrapped, Sunderland, 1921.
G9616 Sep 191623 Dec 1916mined and sunk 01.30 hrs 26 Jun 1917 in51°15′N2°38.1′E / 51.250°N 2.6350°E /51.250; 2.6350 (SMS G96) (4 killed).

Destroyers (Zerstörer)

[edit]

Mobilization Program (Aug 1914)

Main article:B 97-class destroyer

Four vessels ordered on 7 Aug 1914 and 10 Aug 1914 to make use of machinery sets constructed in Germany for the RussianOrfey-class destroyersLeitenant Ilin, Kapitan Konon-Zotov, Gavriil andMichail.

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
B 9715 Dec 191413 Feb 1915to Italy 23 May 1920; commissioned asCesare Rossarol(IT); stricken from the list 17 Jan 1939 and scrapped.
B 982 Jan 191524 Mar 1915Postal vessel for the German fleet interned at Scapa Flow, 24 Jan 1919; scuttled, 21 Jun 1919.
V 999 Feb 191520 Apr 1915mined and sunk 05.00 hrs 17 Aug 1915 offMiķeļtornis, Latvia in57°37′N21°52′E / 57.617°N 21.867°E /57.617; 21.867 (SMS V99) (21 killed).
V 1008 Mar 191517 Jun 1915Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; beached while attempting to scuttle, 21 Jun 1919; to France, 1920; scrapped, 1921 (boilers used to refit destroyerAventurier).

October 1914 order

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate

.

B 10911 Mar 19158 Jun 1915Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
B 11031 Mar 191526 Jun 1915Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
B 1118 Jun 191510 Aug 1915Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
B 11217 Jun 19153 Sep 1915Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919

ex-Argentinian vessels

Main article:G101-class torpedo boat

Requisitioned 15 Aug 1914.

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
G 10112 Aug 19144 Mar 1915exSantiago del Estero; Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
G 10216 Sep 19148 Apr 1915exSan Luis; Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; beached while attempting to scuttle, 21 Jun 1919; to USA, 1920; sunk as aircraft target, 13 Jul 1921 offCape Henry.
G 10314 Nov 191415 May 1915exSanta Fé; Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
G 10428 Nov 19145 Jun 1915exTucuman; Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919

ex-Netherlands torpedoboats

[edit]
Main article:Z-class torpedo boat

Designed and built asZ1Z4 for the Netherlands, seized 10 Aug 1914.

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
V 10526 Aug 19145 Jan 1915to Brazil, 20 Aug 1920; sold to Britain, and exchanged withA 69 with Poland; commissioned as PolishMazur; sunk by German aircraft 1 Sep 39 atGdynia; later raised and scrapped.
V 10626 Aug 191425 Jan 1915to Brazil 20 Aug 1920; scrapped.
V 10712 Dec 19143 Mar 1915mined and sunk 8 May 1915 offLibau in56°33′N20°58′E / 56.550°N 20.967°E /56.550; 20.967 (SMS V107) (1 killed).
V 10812 Dec 191423 Mar 1915to Poland 20 Aug 1920; commissioned asKaszub; sunk due to boiler explosion, 20 Jul 1925,Gdańsk Nowy Port; later raised and scrapped.

Type 1916

[edit]

Apr 1916 Program

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
S 11331 Jan 19185 Aug 1919removed from service 5 Nov 1919; delivered to France, 23 May 1920 atCherbourg; commissioned asAmiral Sénès(FR); decommissioned, 1936; sunk as target, 1938.
S 11411 Apr 1918about 75% finished; sold 3 Nov 1919; scrapped Bremerhaven.
S 11520 Jun 1918about 60% finished; sold, 3 Nov 1919; later scrapped at Bremerhaven.
V 1162 Mar 191831 Jul 1918to Italy 23 May 1920; commissioned asPremuda(IT); scrapped, 1939.
V 1174 May 1918about 75% finished; sold, 3 Nov 1919; scrapped, Hamburg, 1921.
V 1186 Jul 1918about 60% finished; sold, 3 Nov 1919; scrapped, Hamburg, 1921.
G 1198 Oct 1918about 90% finished; sold, 3 Nov 1919; later scrapped at Kiel.
G 120about 75% finished (but not launched); sold, 3 Nov 1919; scrapped, Kiel, 1921.
G 121about 68% finished (but not launched); sold, 3 Nov 1919; scrapped, Kiel, 1921.
B 12216 Oct 1917about 65% finished; sold, 3 Nov 1919; scrapped, Kiel, 1921.
B 12326 Oct 1918about 50% finished; sold, 3 Nov 1919; scrapped, Hamburg, 1921.
B 1246 Jun 1919about 40% finished; sold, 3 Nov 1919; scrapped, Hamburg, 1921

1916 Mobilization Type

[edit]

June 1916 Program

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
V12518 May 191729 Aug 1917Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; beached while attempting to scuttle, 21 Jun 1919; to UK, 1920; scrapped, Newport, 1922.
V12630 Jun 191725 Sep 1917Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; beached while attempting to scuttle, 21 Jun 1919; to France, 1920; scrapped, (boilers used to refit destroyerIntrepide).
V12728 Jul 191723 Oct 1917Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; beached while attempting to scuttle, 21 Jun 1919; to Japan, 1920; scrapped, Dordrecht, 1922.
V12811 Aug 191715 Nov 1917Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; beached while attempting to scuttle, 21 Jun 1919; to UK, 1920; scrapped, Grangemouth, 1922.
V12919 Oct 191720 Dec 1917Interned, Scapa Flow, 6 Dec 1918 (as replacement for V 30, which was lost en route to the surrender); scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
V13020 Nov 19172 Feb 1918to France, 3 Aug 1920; commissioned asBuino(FR); removed from active service, 15 Feb 1933.
S1313 Mar 191711 Aug 1917Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
S13219 May 19172 Oct 1917Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; beached while attempting to scuttle, 21 Jun 1919; to USA, 1920;[4] sunk as gunnery target byUSS Delaware (BB-28) and destroyerUSS Herbert (DD-160) off Cape Henry, 15 Jul 1921.
S1331 Sep 191721 Feb 1918to France, 20 Jul 1920; commissioned asChastang(FR); removed from active service, 18 Aug 1933.
S13425 Aug 19174 Jan 1918to France 14 Jun 1920; commissioned asVesco(FR); removed from active service, 24 Jul 1935.
S13527 Oct 191715 Mar 1918to France 20 Jul 1920; commissioned asMazaré(FR); removed from active service, 24 Jul 1935.
S1361 Dec 191730 Apr 1918Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
S1379 Mar 191814 Jun 1918Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; beached while attempting to scuttle, 21 Jun 1919; to UK, 1920; scrapped, 1922.
S13822 Apr 191829 Jul 1918Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
S13924 Nov 191715 Apr 1918to France 20 Jul 1920; commissioned asDeligny(FR); removed from active service, 18 Aug 1933.

Nov 1916 Program

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
V 14022 Dec 191718 Nov 1918built at Hamburg; sold 3 Nov 1919; stranded on Danish coast en route to breakers, 8 Dec 1920 and scrapped in situ.
V 14126 Mar 1918built at Hamburg; about 60% finished; sold, 3 Nov 1919; later scrapped, Kiel.
V 14225 Sep 1918about 40% finished; sold, 3 Nov 1919; later scrapped, Kiel.
V 14325 Sep 1918about 40% finished; sold, 3 Nov 1919; later scrapped, Kiel.
V 14410 Oct 1918less than 40% finished; sold, 3 Nov 1919; later scrapped, Kiel.
H 14511 Dec 19174 Aug 1918Interned, Scapa Flow, 22 Nov 1918; scuttled 21 Jun 1919.
H 14623 Jan 19183 Oct 1918to France 23 May 1920; commissioned asRageot de la Touche(FR); removed from active service, 1935.
H 14713 Mar 191813 Jul 1920to France 23 May 1920; commissioned asMarcel Delage(FR); removed from active service, 1935.

1917 ProgramTotal: 22 vessels (none completed).

VesselLaunchedCompletedFate.
G 148cancelled 3 Nov 1919 and scrapped on slip.
G 149cancelled 3 Nov 1919 and scrapped on slip.
G 150cancelled 3 Nov 1919 and scrapped on slip.
Ww 151nearly ready for launching at the time of the armistice; cancelled and scrapped on slip, 1920.
S 1521918c. 40%-50% finished at time of armistice; stricken 3 Nov 1919; incomplete hull sold for scrap, c. 1920.
S 1531918c. 40%-50% finished at time of armistice; stricken 3 Nov 1919; incomplete hull sold for scrap, c. 1920; stranded offNeukrug while transferring to Kiel for demolition; later raised and scrapped.
S 1541918c. 40%-50% finished at time of armistice; stricken 3 Nov 1919; incomplete hull sold for scrap, c. 1920.
S 1551918c. 40%-50% finished at time of armistice; stricken 3 Nov 1919; incomplete hull sold for scrap, c. 1920.
S 1561918c. 40%-50% finished at time of armistice; stricken 3 Nov 1919; incomplete hull sold for scrap, c. 1920; stranded offNeukrug while transferring to Kiel for demolition; later raised and scrapped.
S 1571918c. 40%-50% finished at time of armistice; stricken 3 Nov 1919; incomplete hull sold for scrap, c. 1920.
V 1581 Nov 1918c. 40% finished at time of armistice; stricken 3 Nov 1919; incomplete hull sold, 4 Jul 1920; scrapped Hamburg.
V 1591 Nov 1918c. 40% finished at time of armistice; stricken 3 Nov 1919; incomplete hull sold, 4 Jul 1920; scrapped Hamburg.
V 16011 Mar 1921cancelled; stranded offHiddensee,Sassnitz while on tow to breakers; subsequently raised and scrapped.
V 161cancelled and scrapped on slip.
V 162cancelled and scrapped on slip.
V 163cancelled and scrapped on slip.
V 164cancelled and scrapped on slip.
V 165cancelled and scrapped on slip.
H 16625 Oct 1919c. 55%-60% finished; stricken 3 Nov 1919, sold 1920 and scrapped Kiel.
H 16726 Oct 1918c. 55%-60% finished; stricken 3 Nov 1919, sold 1920 and scrapped Kiel.
H 1688 Nov 1919c. 55%-60% finished; stricken 3 Nov 1919, sold 1920 and scrapped Kiel.
H 16919 Oct 1918c. 55%-60% finished; stricken 3 Nov 1919, sold 1920 and scrapped Kiel.

1918 Mobilization Type

[edit]

The final First World War-era German torpedo boat design were large (1,268 tons) vessels with geared turbines and a heavy armament (4 × 105 mm guns and 6 × 50 cm torpedo tubes).

Jan 1918 ProgramV 170-V 177,S 178-S 185 andH 186-H 193 (24 vessels in total; none completed). None had been launched by the time of the armistice, after which all contracts were cancelled.[f]

Jun 1918 ProgramH 194-H 202, V 203-V 210 andS 211-S 223 (30 vessels in total, none completed). None of these proceeded further than a very preliminary stage of construction; all were cancelled after the armistice.

Tactical organization

[edit]

As an indication of the employment of the Imperial German Navy's large torpedo boats, the following provide skeleton orders of battle for these vessels at various dates during the First World War. The basic tactical unit was the Torpedo-Boat Flotilla, consisting of two half-flotillas (typically five vessels each) plus one vessel for the flotilla commander.[g]

Mid-October 1914

[edit]

This list shows the dispositions early in the war, after mobilization was complete[5]
High Seas Fleet
I. TBF:V 191 (leader); 1. hf:V 186, V 190, V 188, G 197, V 189; 2. hf:G 196, G 193, G 195, G 192, G 194
II. TBF:S 149 (leader); 3. hf:S 138, S 139, S 141, S 140, S 142; 4. hf:S 144, S 145, S 147, S 146, S 148
III. TBF:S 167 (leader); 5. hf:V 162, V 163, V 164, S 165, S 166; 6. hf:G 173, G 169, G 172, G 170, S 168
IV. TBF:T 113 (leader); 7. hf:S 119, S 122, S 117, S 118, S 115; 8. hf:S 128, T 111, S 129, S 126, T 110
V. TBF:G 12 (leader); 9. hf:V 6, V 1, V 3, V 4, V 5; 10. hf:G 11, G 9, G 7, G 8, G 10
VI. TBF:V 150 (leader); 11. hf:V 151, V 153, V 154, V 152, V 155; 12. hf:V 156, V 157, V 159, V 158, V 160
VII. TBF:S 24 (leader); 13. hf:S 14, S 15, S 13, S 16, S 18; 14. hf:S 19, S 21, S 23, S 20, S 22
VIII. TBF:G 174 (leader); 15. hf:V 181, V 183, V 182, S 130, S 131; 16. hf:S 176, S 177, S 179, V 180, G 175
IX. TBF:S 28 (leader); 17. hf:V 25, V 26, V 27, S 31, S 32; 18. hf:V 30, V 29, S 33, S 34, S 35, S 36
tenders to U-Boat Flotillas:T 109, T 99, T 100, T 101
fleet tenders (attached to fleet flagship, battle Squadrons etc.):T 98, T 96

Other areas
Baltic: 19. hf:S 120, G 134, S 124, S 127, T 97; 20. hf:G 133, G 132, G 135, G 136
Coastal Defense: Jade/Weser Division :T 91, T 93, T 94, T 95, T 107; Elbe Division:S 114
East Asia:S 90

May 1916

[edit]

The following list of front line torpedo boats reflects the situation immediately prior to the Battle of Jutland.[5]
High Seas Fleet
I. TBF:S 32 (leader); 1. hf:G 39, G 40, G 38, V 190, G 197; 2. hf:G 192, G 195, G 196, G 193
II. TBF:B 98 (leader); 3. hf:G 101, G 102, B 112, B 97; 4. hf:B 109, B 110, B 111, G 103, G 104
III. TBF:S 53 (leader); 5. hf:V 71, V 73, V 74, G 88, G 85; 6. hf:V 48, V 70, S 55, S 54, G 42
V. TBF:G 11 (leader); 9. hf:V 6, V 2, V 3, V 1, V 4; 10. hf:G 8, G 7, V 5, G 9, G 10
VI. TBF:G 41 (leader); 11. hf:V 44, S 49, V 43, G 87, G 86; 12. hf:V 69, S 50, V 46, V 45, G 37
VII. TBF:S 24 (leader); 13. hf:S 15, S 17, S 20, S 16, S 18; 14. hf:S 19, S 23, V 186, V 189
IX. TBF:V 28 (leader); 17. hf:V 27, V 26, S 36, S51, S 52; 18. hf:V 30, S 34, S 33, V 29, S 35

Baltic
VI. Scouting Group:V 100
IV. TBF:V 160 (leader); 7. hf:V 154, G 133, S 140, S 143, S 145, V 151, V 152, V 155, V 157, V 158, V 161
VIII. TBF:S 178 (leader); 15. hf:V 183, V 182, V 181, V 185, V 184; 16. hf:S 176, V 180, G 174, S 179, G 175
X. TBF:S 56 (leader); 19. hf:V 78, S 143, S 148, S 147, S 139; 20. hf:V 72, V 75, S 57, G 89, V 77
attached:T 107, S 146; 21. hf:S 167, G 169, G 170, S 168, G 137.

Flanders
Destroyer Flotilla: hf Cleve:V 67, V 68, V 47

Auxiliary service
Minesweeper flotillas:T 103, S 149, G 136, T 104
North Sea patrol flotillas:S 127, S 128; coastal defence:T 93, S 131, T 110, T 106, T 97, T 105, G 135, T 112, T 113, S 114, S 120, S 138
Tenders to U-Boat flotillas:T 159, T 99, G 137, T 101, G 132; fleet tenders:T 96, T 98
Training:G 134, S 126, S 122, S 121, S 131, V106, V 108, T 102, T 108, V 105, S 130, S 125

April 1918

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The following is the situation in the North Sea at the end of April 1918, at the time of the last offensive sortie of the High Seas Fleet.[6]

High Seas Fleet
I. TBF:V 129 (leader); 1. hf:G 39, G 38, G 40, G 86, S 32; 2. hf:V 130, S 135, S 133, S 134, S 139
II. TBF:B 97 (leader); 3. hf:G 101, G 103, V 100, G 104, G 102; 4. hf:B 109, B 110, B 112, B 98, B 111
V. TBF:G 11 (leader); 9. hf:V 6, S 23, V 3, V 2, V 1, T 196, T 197; 10. hf:G 8, V 5, G 10, G 7, G 9, T 183, T 181
VI. TBF:V 128 (leader); 11. hf:V 127, V 126, S 131, V 125, S 132; 12. hf:V 43, V 45, S 50, S 49, V 46, V 44
VII. TBF:S 62 (leader); 13. hf:V 78, S 65, S 66, V 83, S 56; 14. hf:T 182, G 92, G 89 (G 87, G 93, G 94 were all sunk 30 Mar 1918)
VIII. TBF:T 180 (leader) ; 15. hf:T 193, T 195, T 192, T 189, T 190; 16. hf:T 176, T 178, T 174, T 179, T 186
IX. TBF:V 78 (leader); 17. hf:V 80, S 52, S 51, S 60, S 36; 18. hf:V 30, V 26, V 28, S 34, S 33
Serving with Mine-sweeping Flotillas:T 103, T 184, T 149, T 132
I. GF; 1. hf:T 127, T 114, T 109, T 101, T 125, T 112, T 99, T 106, T 102, T 105, T 93; 2. hf:T 185, S 19, S 24, T 122, T 148, S 18, T 135, T 147, T 131, T 196, T 197; 3. hf:T 136, T 92, T 104, T 128, T 138, T 97
II. GF:T 128; 5. hf:T 99; 6. hf:T 97; 7. hf:T 125; 8. hf:T 114; 9. hf:T 102; 10. hf:T 92,T 128; (T 103 repairing)

September 1918

[edit]

The following is the disposition of all of Germany's ocean-going torpedo boats shortly before the end of the war.[7]

High Seas Fleet
I. TBF: 1. hf:V 129, S 32, G 38, G 39, G 40, G 86; 2. hf:V 130, S 134, S 133, S 135, S 139
II. TBF: 3. hf:B 98, G 101, G 102, G 103, G 104, V 100; 4. hf:B 97, B 109, B 110, B 111, B 112
V. TBF: 9. hf:G 11, V 1, V 2, V 3, V 6, S 23; 10. hf:V 5, G 7, G 8, G 10
VI. TBF: 11. hf:V 128, V 125, V 126, V 127, S 131, S 132; 12. hf:V 43, V 44, V 45, V 46, S 49, S 50
VII. TBF: (V 116 to join); 13. hf:V 83, V 78, S 65, S 56 (S 138 to join); 14. hf:G 92, G 89 (S 136, S 137, H145 to join)
VIII. TBF: 15. hf:T 180, T 189, T 190, T 193, T 195; 16. hf:T 174, T 176, T 178, T 179, T 186
IX. TBF: 17. hf:V 79, S 36, S 51, S 52, S 60, V 80; 18. hf:V 26, V 28, V 30, S 33, S 34
I. GF: 1. hf:T 127, T 109, T 112, T 93, T 170, T 165, T 182, T 183, T 181; 2. hf:T 185, S 19, S 24, T 122, T 148, T 113, S 18, T 135, T 147, T 131, T 197, T 196; 3. hf:T 136, T 169 (plus twelve "A" Boats)
II. GF: 5. hf:T 99; 6. hf:T 97; 7. hf:T 125; 8. hf:T 114; 9. hf:T 102; 10. hf:T 92,T 128; (T 103 repairing)
Serving with Mine-sweeping Flotillas:T 184, T 132, T 96, T 98

Baltic
IV. TBF: 7. hf:T 160, T 133, T 139, T 140, T 143, T 145, T 151, T 152, T 154; 19. hf:T 155, T 157, T 158, T 104, T 106, T 175, T 101, T 105

Flanders
III. TBF: 5. hf:V 71, S 53, V 73, V 81, G 41, V 77; 6. hf:S 54, S 55, V 70, G 91
Flanders Destroyer Flotilla: 1. hf:V 47, V 67, G 95, S 61; 2. hf:S 63, V 69, V 82
out of service:S 15, V 74

Auxiliary service
Baltic Training Flotilla: 1. hf:T 173, T 166, T 134, V 108, T 107; 2. hf:T 167, T 163, T 142, T 126
Gunnery training:T 144, T 146, T 168, V 105
Mine warfare vessels:V 106, T 110, T 120
Tenders to U-boat flotillas:T 130, T 137, T 153, T 159, T 161, T 164, T 108, T 121
Fleet tenders, etc.:T 91, T 94, T 95, T 111, T 156, T 141.

See also

[edit]

English language

German language

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ In 1911 there was a radical departure from previous practice, when a smaller, more nimble design of torpedo-boat was introduced (the Type 1911). Because of this change, it was decided to re-start the number series; to avoid duplication of designations, the older vessels were progressively re-designated with the initial letter T.
  2. ^ Including cancelled vessels and vessels ordered by the German navy but sold to foreign powers before completion.
  3. ^ Nearly all of the A.G. Vulcan vessels were built at Stettin; the exceptions wereV 67, V 68, V 70, V 75, V76, V77, V79, V 83, V 84 V 140 andV 141, which were constructed at Hamburg.
  4. ^ constructed to a Germaniawerft design.
  5. ^ Steam turbines and oil fuel were introduced in British destroyers with theTribal Class of 1905; geared turbines in theR Class of 1915. Excluding experimental vessels, turbines became standard in German torpedo-boats with the 1908 program; coal fuel did not disappear until the Type 1913; geared turbines were to be introduced in the projected vessels of 1918.
  6. ^ Four incomplete hulls were completed as mercantile vessels in 1920-21:S 178 andS 179 were completed as the four-masted schoonersFranziska Kimme andGeorg Kimme for the Bremerhaven Line (Bremerhavener Reederei AG) in 1920; and in November 1919, the incomplete hulls of ex-H 186 and ex-H 187 were purchased by the Baltic Shipping Company (Baltischen Reederei), Hamburg and completed as the cargo shipsHansdorf andHoisdorf, entering service in spring 1921.
  7. ^ The following abbreviations are used for brevity: TBF: Torpedo-Boat Flotilla (Torpedoboots Flottille in German); hf: Half-Flotilla (halbsflottille) (despite the name, a flotilla could consist of more than two half-flotillas); GF: Escort Flotilla (Geleit Flottille).

References

[edit]
  1. ^Gardiner,Conways 1906-1921, p.164
  2. ^"V 43 inDictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships".US Navy. Ships History Branch. Retrieved12 April 2014.
  3. ^ab"German WWI warships rediscovered in Portsmouth Harbour after lying forgotten for decades".The Independent. 24 March 2016. Retrieved15 April 2016.
  4. ^"S 132 inDictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships".US Navy. Ships History Branch. Retrieved12 April 2014.
  5. ^abKontreadmiral a.D. Stoelzel,Ehrenrangliste der Kaiserlich Deutschen Marine 1914-18 (Thormannn and Goetsch, Berlin, 1930), pp 11-86.
  6. ^Walter Gladisch,Der Krieg zur See, 1914-18: Der krieg in der Nordsee v. 7, (Frankfurt, E.S. Mittler & Sohn, 1965), pp. 175-178.
  7. ^Paul Köppen,Der Krieg zur See, 1914-18: Entworfen and Die Überwasserstreitkräfte und ihre Technik, (Berlin, E.S. Mittler & Sohn, 1930.) pp. 291-292.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Dodson, Aidan (2019). "Beyond the Kaiser: The IGN's Destroyers and Torpedo Boats After 1918". In Jordan, John (ed.).Warship 2019. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. pp. 129–144.ISBN 978-1-4728-3595-6.
  • Robert Gardiner, editor,Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. (London: Conway Maritime Press, 1985).ISBN 0-85177-245-5
  • Erich Gröner,German Warships 1815–1945, Volume 1: Major Surface Vessels (London: Conway Maritime Press, 1990).ISBN 0-85177-533-0
  • John C. Taylor,German Warships of World War I (London: Ian Allan Ltd., 1969).ISBN 0-71100-099-9

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