Russian-German historian and ethnologist (1705–1783)
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Gerhard Friedrich Müller (Russian:Фёдор Ива́нович Ми́ллер,romanized: Fyodor Ivanovich Miller; 29 October 1705 – 22 October [O.S. 11 October] 1783) was a Russian-German historian and pioneer ethnologist.
Müller participated in thesecond Kamchatka expedition, which reported on life and nature of the further (eastern) side of theUral mountain range. From 1733 until 1743, nineteen scientists and artists traveled throughSiberia to study people, cultures and collected data for the creation of maps. Müller, who described and categorized clothing, religions and rituals of the Siberian ethnic groups, is considered to be the father ofethnography.[1]
On his return from Siberia, he becamehistoriographer to theRussian Empire. He was one of the first historians to bring out a general account of Russian history based on an extensive examination of the documentary sources.[2] His accentuation of the role of Scandinavians and Germans in the history of that country – a germ of the so-calledNormanist theory – earned him enmity ofMikhail Lomonosov, who had previously supported his work, and dented his Russian career.
In 1766, after many attacks by his colleagues, Müller was appointed keeper of the national archives. He drew up for the government a collection of its treatises.
Joseph Lawrence Black,G.F. Müller and the Imperial Russian Academy of Sciences, 1725-1783: First Steps in the Development of the Historical Sciences in Russia. Kingston-Montréal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1986.
Joseph Lawrence Black and Dieter K. Buse,G.-F. Müller and Siberia, 1733-1743. With translations of German materials by Victoria Joan Moessner. Kingston, Ontario/Fairbanks, Alaska: Limestone Press (Russia and Asia Series 1), 1989.
Aleksander Christianovich Elert,Ekspedicionnye materialy G. F. Millera kak istocnik po istorii Sibiri [Expedition Materials of G.F. Müller as Sources for the History of Siberia]. Novosibirsk, 1990.ISBN5-02-029627-9
Gudrun Bucher,"Von Beschreibung der Sitten und Gebräuche der Völcker": Die Instruktionen Gerhard Friedrich Müllers und ihre Bedeutung für die Geschichte der Ethnologie und der Geschichtswissenschaft. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag (Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte des östlichen Europa 63), 2002.
Peter Hoffmann,Gerhard Friedrich Müller (1705-1783): Historiker, Geograph, Archivar im Dienste Russlands. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2005.
Gerard Fridrich Miller [Gerhard Friedrich Müller],Opisanie sibirskich narodov. [Beschreibung sibirischer Völker]. Edited by Aleksandr Christianovich Elert and Wieland Hintzsche. Moskva: Pamjatniki Istoricheskoj Mysli (Quellen zur Geschichte Sibiriens und Alaskas aus russischen Archiven Band VIII/1), 2009.
Gerhard Friedrich Müller,Ethnographische Schriften I. Bearbeitet von Wieland Hintzsche und Aleksandr Christianovich Elert unter Mitarbeit von Heike Heklau. Halle: Verlag der Franckeschen Stiftungen zu Halle, Harrassowitz Verlag in Kommission (Quellen zur Geschichte Sibiriens und Alaskas aus russischen Archiven VIII), 2010.ISBN978-3-447-06402-6. Band I: Beschreibung der sibirischen Völker [ca. 1736-1747].
Han F. Vermeulen: 'Ethnography and Empire: G. F. Müller and the Description of Siberian Peoples'. In: Han F. Vermeulen:Before Boas: The Genesis of Ethnography and Ethnology in the German Enlightenment. Lincoln & London, University of Nebraska Press, 2015.ISBN978-0-8032-5542-5
"Миллер, Герард Фридрих" .Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (in Russian). 1906.