Gerald James Whitrow (9 June 1912 – 2 June 2000) was a Britishmathematician,cosmologist andsciencehistorian.
Whitrow was born on 9 June 1912 atKimmeridge inDorset, the elder son of William and Emily (née Watkins) Whitrow.
After completing school atChrist's Hospital, he obtained a scholarship atChrist Church, Oxford in 1930, earning his first degree in 1933; he was a Harmsworth Senior Scholar atMerton College, Oxford, from 1935 to 1937, taking his MA in 1937,[1] and was awarded his PhD in 1939.[2] AtOxford he worked on an alternative theory of relativity with ProfessorEdward Arthur Milne. During World War II, he worked as a scientific officer for the Ministry of Supply. His work was on defence research, including ballistics, and he worked at Fort Halstead (near Sevenoaks) and Cambridge.[2] After the war, he taught at theImperial College,London, first as a lecturer, then as reader of applied mathematics (1951), and as professor of the history of mathematics in 1972.
In 1955 Whitrow investigated the possibility of extradimensional space in "Why Physical Space Has Three Dimensions."[3] He argued that if space has four dimensions and the laws of gravitation and electromagnetism remain unchanged, the inverse square law would be transformed into an inverse cube law, leading to unstable planetary orbits and atomic structures. These instabilities would worsen for dimensions larger than four. If spatial dimensions were reduced to two, the propagation and reflection of waves would be more difficult, which would reduce coherent behavior of complex systems. He concluded that life would not be possible in other than three space dimensions.[4]
Following his 1979 retirement, he was emeritus professor and senior research fellow of theImperial College. For much of his life he was a Fellow of theRoyal Astronomical Society, to which he made an extraordinary contribution by reorganizing its important library and archives when he became chairman of the library committee in the early 1960s, a position he held until 1975.[2] In 1971 he was the founding President of the British Society for the History of Mathematics.[5] Whitrow was also an early member of theBritish Society for the History of Science, serving as its President between 1968 and 1970.[5]
Whitrow's interest in libraries and archives extended to theAthenaeum Club, of which he was elected a member in 1957. He served two terms on the club's library committee and was its chairman between 1979 and 1981. He was responsible for founding some of the various discussion groups that exist in the club, and in the early 1990s he served on its executive committee.[2]
His main contributions were in the fields ofcosmology andastrophysics, but his interests included thehistory andphilosophy of science, with a particular focus on the concept oftime. Among his publications,The Natural Philosophy of Time received special attention. His work placed him at the centre of the study of time and this led, in 1966, to his becoming the first president of the newly founded International Society for the Study of Time.[2]
Whitrow published an important paper on the cosmic background radiation (relic of the Primordial Fireball) with B. D. Yallop in 1964:
Title: The background radiation in homogeneous isotropic world models, I.Authors: Whitrow, G. J. & Yallop, B. D.Journal:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 127, p. 301Bibliographic Code: 1964 MNRAS.127..301W
Whitrow died on 2 June 2000 and, following a private funeral, his ashes were scattered on Christ Church Meadow.[2] TheRoyal Astronomical Society awards a biennial lectureship in his name.
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