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Georgios Kountouriotis | |
|---|---|
| Γεώργιος Κουντουριώτης (Greek) Γιώργ Κουντουριότι (Arvanitika Albanian)[1] | |
 Georgios Kountouriotis byDionysios Tsokos | |
.svg) Prime Minister of Greece | |
| In office 4 March 1848 – 15 October 1848 | |
| Monarch | Otto |
| Preceded by | Kitsos Tzavelas |
| Succeeded by | Konstantinos Kanaris |
| President of the Provisional Administration of Greece | |
| In office 18 January 1824 – 29 April 1826 | |
| Preceded by | Petros Mavromichalis |
| Succeeded by | Andreas Zaimis |
| In office 27 March 1832 – 25 January 1833 | |
| Preceded by | Augustinos Kapodistrias |
| Succeeded by | Otto of Greece (asKing of Greece) Spyridon Trikoupis (asPrime Minister of Greece) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | c. 1782 |
| Died | 13 March 1858 (aged 76) |
| Political party | French Party |
| Relations | Lazaros Kountouriotis (brother) Pavlos Kountouriotis (grandson) Nikolaos Votsis (great-grandson) |
| Occupation | Ship-owner Revolutionary Politician |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  First Hellenic Republic |
| Branch/service |  Hellenic Navy |
| Battles/wars | Greek War of Independence |
Georgios Kountouriotis (Greek:Γεώργιος Κουντουριώτης; 1782 – 13 March 1858) was aGreek ship-owner and politician who served asprime minister from March to October 1848.
He was born in 1782 on theSaronic island ofHydra to anArvanite family.[2] The family, apparently the richest in independent Greece, stemmed from the younger son of anAlbanian peasant. He settled the island as a boatman after the Venetians left thePeloponnese (1715) but before the island received its permanent colony.[3] The Koundouriotis family used extensively their nativeAlbanian dialect of Hydra. The dialect has been documented in two letters of Georgios' private correspondence withIoannis Orlandos, written in theGreek alphabet,[4] in accordance with the practice of the writers of Arvanitika during theGreek War of Independence.[5] Georgios spoke Greek only with difficulty.[6] He was the brother ofLazaros Kountouriotis, another shipowner of the Greek War of Independence.
When the War of Independence broke out, Georgios, along with the rest of the Kountouriotis family, supported the effort with generous donations as well as with their ships. He was often at odds with other Hydriot sea captains but ultimately was the wealthiest. Georgios Kountouriotis became a member of the executive committee of the Greek Revolution and served as its president from 1823 to 1826 during the crucial time of thesiege of Missolonghi.
After independence, he became a member of the cabinet ofIoannis Kapodistrias, the first governor of Greece. He was a semi-independent adherent of theFrench Party mostly due to his antipathy to theRussian Party and his fellow Hydriots of theEnglish Party. During the period of French Party ascendancy in the reign of KingOtto, he served as prime minister.
He died in 1858.
He was the grandfather ofPavlos Kountouriotis who fought in theFirst Balkan War and later served as the first (1924-1926) President of theSecond Hellenic Republic.
The two letters published here are written in the Albanian dialect of Hydra in London (20 Sept. and 16 Mar. 1824) by Hydriot Ioannis Orlandos, and sent to another Hydriot Gheorgios Cunduriotis, his father-in-law as well as Prime Minister of the Greek Government. In an attempt to get rid of Zaimis who currently was in London, Orlandos sent this bitter letter whose content should not be disclosed to Cunduriotis. In fact, he wrote in the Arvanit language of Hydra, a language that the recipient undoubtedly understood. In his second letter, Orlandos overstepped every mark of courtesy displaying insolence and maliciousness. He did not deem sufficient to simply write una letterra di raccomandazione imbued with venom and bitterness on behalf of youngster Stavros Parthenopulos but he also had the courage to hand it over personally to the young man in order to personally deliver it then to Gheorgios Cunduriotis, Prime Minister of the country. In case Parthenopulos would open and read the letter, Orlandos wrote the section relating to the deliverer in the Arvanit language of Hydra, so as to avoid any personal involvement in the question. The text in Albanian in both letters is written in the Greek alphabet and reverberates the peculiar Albanian dialect of Hydra otherwise known as Arvanitica.
Arvanitika had begun to evolve into a written language even by the time of the War of Independence, probably because it was more suitable for secret messages than Greek. The writers used the Greek alphabet, to which they occasionally added the Latin vowel e in order to express the schwa (e). In Hydra, local politicians sporadically corresponded in Arvanitika.
Koundouriotis was descended from the Albanian invaders of Greece in the 14th century, and spoke Greek only with difficulty.
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | President of the Executive 18 January 1824 – 29 April 1826 | Succeeded by Andreas Zaimis as President of the Governmental Commission |
| Preceded by | Prime Minister of Greece 19 March 1848 – 27 October 1848 | Succeeded by |
| International | |
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| National | |
| People | |
