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| Type | Non-commercial educationalbroadcast television and radio network |
|---|---|
| Branding | GPB |
| Country | United States |
| Availability |
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| Founded | 1960 (65 years ago) (1960) by theUniversity of Georgia |
| TV stations | See§ Television stations |
| TV transmitters | 9 |
| Radio stations | See§ Radio stations |
| Headquarters | 260 14th Street NW Atlanta,Georgia 30318 |
| Owner | Georgia Public Telecommunications Commission |
| Parent | State of Georgia |
Key people | Bert Wesley Huffman (CEO) |
Launch date | May 23, 1960 (65 years ago) (1960-05-23) |
Picture format | |
| Affiliations | |
Formeraffiliations | TV:NET (1960–1970) |
Official website | www |
Notes [1] | |
Georgia Public Broadcasting (GPB) is a state network ofPBSmembertelevision stations andNPR memberradio stations serving theU.S. state ofGeorgia. It is operated by the Georgia Public Telecommunications Commission, an agency of theGeorgia state government which holds thelicenses for most of the PBS and NPR member stations licensed in the state. The broadcast signals of the nine television stations and 19 radio stations cover almost all of the state, as well as parts ofAlabama,Florida,North Carolina,South Carolina andTennessee.
The network'sheadquarters and primary radio andtelevision production facilities are located on 14th Street inMidtown Atlanta, just west of theDowntown Connector in theHome Park neighborhood. The facility and GPB are also a major part ofGeorgia's film and television industry, and in addition to commercial production occurring at the GPB facilities, some production companies also rent production offices from GPB.
On May 23, 1960, theUniversity of Georgia signed onWGTV, the secondeducational television station in Georgia (after Atlanta's WETV, later WPBA, nowWABE-TV). From 1960 to 1964, in a separate initiative, theGeorgia Board of Education launched four educational television stations across the state, aimed at providing in-school instruction. This evolved into the Georgia Educational Television Network, which aired Board of Education-produced classes for schools and evening programming from WGTV.[2] WGTV moved its transmitter toStone Mountain in 1969, adding Atlanta to its coverage area.[3]
In November 1980, GovernorGeorge Busbee proposed the consolidation of WGTV with the state's network of transmitters into a new Georgia Public Telecommunications Council and also called for said body to negotiate to buy WETV from the Atlanta Board of Education.[4] The Georgia state senate approved the bill, but it stalled in the House of Representatives due to the objections of Athens-area members and those involved with the UGA station.[5][6] After the legislative session ended, Governor Busbee revived the proposal by executive order.[7] On January 1, 1982, the new council took operational control of WGTV, and the combined service rebranded as Georgia Public Television; by June 1982, after the expiration of remaining program contracts, WGTV was fully incorporated into the network, and UGA's role was reduced to program supplier.[8]
In February 1985,[9] the GPTC entered intopublic radio, launching stations servingMacon, Columbus andValdosta in the first year. These formed the nuclei of Peach State Public Radio, which provided the first public radio services to much of Georgia; previously, only Atlanta and Savannah had public stations. During the 1980s and 1990s, stations that had been operated by other educational institutions and community groups became affiliated with the network. The service was renamed Georgia Public Radio in 2001.[10]
In 1995, the GPTC began using "Georgia Public Broadcasting" as its corporate name. This would eventually become the umbrella title for all GPB operations in early 2004, when GPTV and Georgia Public Radio simultaneously rebranded under the Georgia Public Broadcasting name.
The late 1990s were a time of political scandal for GPB. In 1997, the agency usedGeorgia Lottery funds earmarked for technology to build its present facility in Midtown, later cited as one of several unnecessary projects using lottery monies.[11] Financial mismanagement led GovernorRoy Barnes in 1999 to oust the executive director, Vernon Rogers, and board of directors, appointing longtime state auditor Claude Vickers to turn around a three-year deficit nearing $7 million.[12] The ouster of Rogers came after an audit revealed that the agency had a stack of accounts receivable, the oldest of them 12 years old; a bank loan that the Georgia legislature never approved; and had misplaced $1 million in equipment.[13] Under Vickers, GPB cut expenses by $5.2 million without cutting radio or television program production and had its first positive audit in six years.[14]
As the audiovisual industry has grown in Georgia, GPB studios have been used for the production of commercial television programming. The studio facilities were used for the production of the first season of theCBS Television Distribution-syndicated programSwift Justice With Nancy Grace;[15] production of that series was moved toLos Angeles for its second and final season. In 2014, another syndicated court show,Lauren Lake's Paternity Court, began using the GPB facilities under the same arrangement; in 2017, it was joined byCouples Court with the Cutlers.[16]
GPB is an agency under the oversight of the governor, which has led to concerns of political connections in the broadcasting operation. In 2012, the director of the agency hired state senatorChip Rogers to host a program on a direct recommendation fromNathan Deal; the arrangement was panned by former NPR presidentVivian Schiller and seen as a way to land the politician in a favorable position.[17] Rogers was let go from GPB in 2014.[18]
GPB Television broadcasts PBS programming and statewide programs produced specifically for the GPB network 24 hours a day on a network of nine full-power stations as well as numerouslow-powertranslator stations (especially in the state's mountainous northeastern counties). Certain programs broadcast by GPB Television (mainly those provided by PBS) feature aDescriptive Video Service track that is audible over thesecond audio program (SAP) channel of each station; GPB Radio feeds could previously be heard during times when DVS-transcribed programs were not airing, prior to the 2009digital television transition. All stations within the GPB Television network act asrebroadcasters,simulcasting the network's programming at all times. GPB-produced programs includeGardening in Georgia,Georgia Backroads,Georgia's Business,Georgia Outdoors andGeorgia Traveler, as well as annual coverage of theGeorgia General Assembly when it is inlegislative session early in the year. Live coverage of thefootball andbasketball championship games from theGeorgia High School Association is broadcast at the end of their respective seasons.
GPB Television also operates fourdigital subchannels that are carried on most of its stations:GPB Knowledge debuted in September 2008, but officially launched on October 1 of that year. GPB Knowledge carries programming from theWorld network duringprime time hours, and GPBdocumentary and news programming (includingBBC World News) at other times. It replaced GPB Education, which is still available to schools statewideon demand over theInternet.GPB Kids, launched in January 2009 as the seconddigital subchannel of the GPBTV stations, replacing thestandard-definition feed (which mirrored each station's analog feed) of GPB's main channel. GPB Kids aired 24/7 with content fromPBS Kids. During December 2008, the subchannel carried only a staticstation identification for all nine stations (including the GPB/PBS Kids logo), and theelectronic program guide for the channel continued to show main channel information for the GPBTV stations. In March 2015, GPB Kids was replaced withCreate.[citation needed] In January 2017,PBS Kids 24/7 was launched, being the fourth digital subchannel of the GPB TV stations.
Each of GPB's television stations identify themselves with two locations—usually, the smallercommunity where the station is licensed by theFederal Communications Commission (almost always the station's transmitter location) and the larger city that it serves. The exceptions are WVAN-TV and WJSP-TV, which are actually licensed in major Georgia cities: WVAN-TV is licensed to Savannah, while WJSP-TV is licensed to Columbus. However, in order to conform to the pattern, GPB lists the locations for the stations' transmitters as the second city.
This rule only applies to the television stations, not to those on radio, which, except for two, bear only the city of license.
The GPB television stations are:
GPB Television operates several low-power translator stations located in the hilly terrain of thenorth Georgia mountains. These include:
| City of license | Call sign | Channel | Translating | FID | ERP | HAAT | Transmitter coordinates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carrollton | W23EV-D | 23 | WJSP 28 | 167054 | 8.1 kW | 152.5 m (500.3 ft) | 33°33′51.6″N85°01′03.9″W / 33.564333°N 85.017750°W /33.564333; -85.017750 (W23EV-D) |
| Young Harris | W25FP-D | 25 | WNGH 18 | 23945 | 5 kW | 687.7 m (2,256.2 ft) | 34°52′27.3″N83°48′37.6″W / 34.874250°N 83.810444°W /34.874250; -83.810444 (W25FP-D) |
| Toccoa | W28EW-D | 28 | WGTV 7 | 23924 | 15 kW | 121.5 m (398.6 ft) | 34°36′32.7″N83°21′51.2″W / 34.609083°N 83.364222°W /34.609083; -83.364222 (W28EW-D) |
| Hartwell &Royston | W32FE-D | 32 | WCES-TV 20 | 23928 | 15 kW | 134.9 m (442.6 ft) | 34°18′45″N82°56′15″W / 34.31250°N 82.93750°W /34.31250; -82.93750 (W32FE-D) |
The following translators were abandoned by GPB, which had their licenses (and in some cases, digital applications and permits) cancelled by the FCC, apparently at GPB's request, possibly due to the expense of running and upgrading them.
| City of license | Channel # | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Carnesville | 52 (UHF) | Signal reached parts ofFranklin County in northeastern Georgia; directly repeated WGTV |
| Cedartown | 65 (UHF) | Signal reached parts ofPolk andFloyd counties in northwestern Georgia; directly repeated WNGH |
| Draketown | 27 (UHF) | Signal reached parts ofHaralson andPaulding counties in northwestern Georgia; directly repeated WNGH |
| Elberton | 60 (UHF) | Signal reached parts ofElbert County in northeastern Georgia; directly repeated WGTV |
| Flintstone | 51 (UHF) | Signal reached parts ofWalker,Dade, andCatoosa counties in Northwestern Georgia, as well as parts of Hamilton County and Chattanooga, Tennessee; directly repeated WNGH |
| LaFayette | 35 (UHF) | Signal reached parts of Walker and Dade counties in northwestern Georgia; directly repeated WNGH |
| Hiawassee | 50 (UHF) | Signal reached parts ofTowns andRabun counties in northeastern Georgia, digital coverage provided by W04BJ's replacement |
On December 23, 2010, theUniversity of Georgia announced that it would enter into a programming partnership with GPB, which would provide all programming for the university-owned WNEG-TV (channel 32) inToccoa, with most of the content coming from its GPB Knowledge subchannel.[27] The station filed with the FCC to convert WNEG's station license tonon-commercial status.[28][29] The partnership between UGA and GPB was due to a reduction of advertising dollars, resulting from an economic downturn and the loss of WNEG'sCBS affiliation (the station had been with CBS since August 1995, receiving affiliation as a by-product of the CBS programming moving in the adjacent Atlanta market fromWAGA-TV [channel 5] toWGCL-TV [channel 46] in December 1994).[30] At 5:30 am on May 1, 2011, the station began carrying GPB Knowledge programming; the following day, its call letters were changed to WUGA-TV.[31] UGA sold WUGA-TV to Marquee Broadcasting in 2015; at 12:01 am on July 1, 2015, the new owners dropped all GPB Knowledge programming, changed the station's call letters toWGTA, and returned the station to commercial operation with programming from theMeTV,Heroes & Icons,Decades, andMovies! networks.[32]
WGTV, WXGA-TV, and WVAN-TV were the first GPB stations to begin operating their owndigital television signals. The other six stations signed on their digital signals in July 2008. The ERP/HAAT figures listed within the table for those stations are based on those listed in the stations' individual Wikipedia articles, though some of the stations were operating at low power, and only upgraded to full-power when the digital transition occurred.
The digital signals of GPB's TV stations aremultiplexed:
| Channel | Res. | Aspect | Short name | Programming |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| xx.1 | 1080i | 16:9 | (call sign) | Main GPB programming /PBS |
| xx.2 | 480i | Create | Create | |
| xx.3 | Knowled | GPB Knowledge | ||
| xx.4 | Kids | PBS Kids |
All nine stations carry the same programming from each of the four channels, but channel labels differ somewhat between the stations.
The GPB Television stations shut down their analog signals on February 17, 2009, as part of thefederally mandated transition from analog to digital television (which Congress had moved the previous month to June 12).[34][35][36]
Each stations' post-transition digital allocations are as follows:
GPB has placed most of its stations on VHF due to the lowereffective radiated power requirements (20 or 32 kW instead of 1000 kW), which in turn reduces the cost of purchasing thetransmitter and using theelectrical power for it. For WABW and WCES, this makes them one of the few television stations in the country to operate on low-band VHF channels (2 to 6), which require larger receiving antennas, are prone totropospheric ducting (weather) andimpulse noise, makemobile TV (ATSC-M/H) difficult, and for 5 and 6 are also an obstacle to expanding theFM broadcast band. The high-band VHF channels also have these problems, but not to a major extent.
GPB Television's various stations are carried on allcable providers in Georgia (the station that is available on a given provider varies on the jurisdiction). Additionally, Savannah's WVAN is carried on cable systems onHilton Head Island, South Carolina; Columbus' WJSP is carried on cable systems inPhenix City andAuburn, Alabama; and Augusta's WCES is carried on most cable systems inAiken andEdgefield, South Carolina. WABW is carried onComcast's system inTallahassee, Florida.
Onsatellite, WGTV, WVAN, WCES, WJSP, WNUM, WABW, WNGH, and WXGA are carried on the Atlanta, Savannah, Augusta, Columbus, Macon, Albany, Chattanooga, and JacksonvilleDirecTV andDish Network feeds, respectively.
GPB Radio broadcasts 24 hours a day on severalFM radio stations across the state, except in theAtlanta metropolitan area. The network had previously operated a translator station in Atlanta, W264AE (100.7 FM), which broadcast from a transmission tower located in the city's downtown district. However, it (andWGHR) was forced to gosilent when full-power station WWWQ (100.5 FM, nowWNNX) moved fromAnniston, Alabama (where it operated under the WHMA-FM call letters) into the Atlanta market on anadjacent channel. Despite having almost no presence in metropolitan Atlanta prior to 2014, the network reaches nearly all the rest of Georgia, plus parts of Alabama, Florida, South Carolina and Tennessee. Atlanta-area listeners heard NPR programming on locally licensed stationsWABE andWCLK instead.
On May 6, 2014,Georgia State University announced an arrangement allowing Georgia Public Broadcasting to program the university's stationWRAS ("Album 88") from 5 a.m. to 7 p.m. daily, leaving 7 p.m. to 5 a.m. as the only remaining student airtime.[39] This took effect on June 29.[40] In exchange, GPB promised to provide internships at GPB for GSU students and other media collaborations between the two institutions,[41] with WRAS broadcasting a separate feed from the main statewide network.[42] The announcement immediately prompted intense opposition and denunciations from WRAS listeners, staffers, and GSU alumni,[43] going so far as evoking a protest at GSU's commencement ceremony,[44] a social media campaign with the tag #savewras,[45] and a petition with more than 10,000 signatories onChange.org. Some of them have made accusations of secrecy and even illegality surrounding the transaction[46] as they protested that thealternative rock format was unique to the Atlanta market (despite the presence of another college station in the area,WREK, licensed to theGeorgia Institute of Technology) and that it was being displaced by programming that largely duplicated offerings on WABE.[47] This has led to a public effort to boycott GPB and its underwriters.[48]
Despite these protests, the network announced plans to increase news and talk programming later in 2014 to cater to WRAS listeners.[49][50][51]
Most of the stations presently air a mix ofclassical music, and news and talk programming sourced from NPR; however, some stations carry select locally produced programming. WRAS airs NPR news and talk programming during the hours that GPB programs it.
Previously, GPB Radio was transmitted over the second audio program feed of GPB's television stations at most times prior to the 2009 digital television transition. GPB Radio is still audible through this function onDirecTV, but not GPB'sdigital television stations or oncable for unknown reasons.
GPB Radio stations in southern and southeastern Georgia also relayhurricaneevacuation information for listeners approaching or leaving Georgia'sAtlantic Coast or theFlorida Panhandle. Signs alonginterstate and other major highways in the region direct the evacuee to the nearest GPB Radio station carrying the emergency information.
WGPB and WNGH werecommercial radio stations purchased by a GPBfoundation in the late 2000s, hence their location outside of the 88-92 MHzreserved band.
GPB/GPTC also owns translator station W233CA in Athens, which repeats WUGA.
GPB Education (formerly known asPeachstar) serves state agencies and the Georgia learning community through the use oftelecommunicationstechnology. GPB delivers educational programming that reflects state standards to Georgiaclassrooms using the GPB satellite network, open-air television, and the GPBvideo streaming portal. GPB provides professional development to Georgia educators through face-to-face trainings, satellite-delivered programs, and interactive webcasts. GPB also meets the training needs of state agencies through itsvideo production, satellite broadcast, and interactivewebcasting services, as well as through its extensive digital library.
GPB is currently transitioning its GPB Education programming fromdirect broadcast satellite todigital terrestrial television, through its GPB Knowledge subchannel.[52]
GPB News is the news department of Georgia Public Broadcasting. It is responsible for providing news updates to both GPB Radio and GPB Television, and collaborates with theAtlanta Business Chronicle to produce the programGeorgia Business News. The legislative discussion programPrime Time Lawmakers (formerly known asLawmakers) provided coverage and commentary on theGeorgia General Assembly throughout each session; it aired from 1971 to 2014, when it was replaced byOn the Story.
GPB Sports produces news coverage and commentary on sports throughout the state, with an emphasis on high school football. It produces the programsGPB SportsCentral,PrepSports andRoad to the Dome.
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