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Georges Carpentier

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
French boxer (1894–1975)
Georges Carpentier
Personal information
Nickname
The Orchid Man
NationalityFrench
Born12 January 1894[1]
Liévin, France
Died28 October 1975(1975-10-28) (aged 81)
Paris, France
Height5 ft11+12 in (182 cm)[1]
WeightWelterweight
Middleweight
Light heavyweight
Heavyweight
Boxing career
StanceOrthodox
Boxing record
Total fights112
Wins89
Win by KO57
Losses15
Draws6
No contests1

Georges Carpentier (French pronunciation:[ʒɔʁʒkaʁpɑ̃tje]; 12 January 1894 – 28 October 1975) was a Frenchboxer, actor and World War I pilot.[2]A precocious pugilist, Carpentier fought in numerous categories. He fought mainly as alight heavyweight andheavyweight in a career lasting from 1908 to 1926. A French professional champion on several occasions, he became the European heavyweight champion before the First World War. A sergeant aviator during theGreat War, he was wounded before returning to civilian life. He then discoveredrugby union, playing as a winger.

On his return to the ring in 1919, "le grand Georges" ("the great Georges" in English) he was celebrated as a symbol of a sporting powerhouse France, via performances in Great Britain and the United States of America. His knockout victory overBattling Levinsky on 12 October 1920 inJersey City in the United States earned him the title of world champion. A defeat byJack Dempsey the following year nevertheless strengthened his legend and brought him worldwide fame. This defeat marked the decline of his career, punctuated by the controversial loss of his titles toBattling Siki.

Nicknamed the "Orchid Man",[1] he stood5 feet11+12 inches (182 cm) and his fighting weight ranged from 147 to 175 pounds (67 to 79 kg).[1]

Later notable performances included a defeat byGene Tunney. Carpentier ended his career in 1926, but remained a leading figure inFrench boxing. Appointed ambassador for French sport abroad after the Second World War, in which he took part in theFrench Air Force, Carpentier died of a heart attack in 1975. A decade after his death, the Parisian Sports Arena in the13th arrondissement of Paris was renamedHalle Georges-Carpentier after him. Along withMarcel Cerdan, he remains one of France's best boxers.

Biography

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Born inLiévin inPas-de-Calais, Carpentier began his career by progressing up through the weight divisions, fighting in every division fromwelterweight upwards. After making his first professional bout at age 14, he was welterweight champion of France and of Europe in 1911,middleweight champion of Europe in 1912, andlight heavyweight champion of Europe in 1913. On 1 June 1913, he beat"Bombardier" Billy Wells inGhent, Belgium to becomeheavyweight champion of Europe. He defended his title in December against Wells, in January 1914 againstPat O'Keeffe and inLondon on 16 July he beatEd "Gunboat" Smith to add the"White Heavyweight Champion of the World" to his European title. The white heavyweight title bout sported a purse worth £9,000 (equivalent to approximately £1,090,981 today[3]).

Carpentier was also a referee during the early stages of his career, supervising a number of fights including the world title bout betweenJack Johnson andFrank Moran in June 1914. Carpentier was aFrench Air Force aviator duringWorld War I and was awarded two of the highest French military honors, theCroix de Guerre and theMédaille Militaire. This served to heighten his already exceptional popularity, not only in France but also in the United Kingdom and the United States.

Dempsey and Carpentier in the arena before the fight

Carpentier defended his title twice again in 1919 before dropping down a weight class to challengeBattling Levinsky for the light heavyweight championship of the world.[4] The fight took place on 12 October 1920, inJersey City and Levinsky was knocked out in the fourth. Carpentier's attempt at the heavyweight Championship of the world came on2 July 1921, again in Jersey City, when he facedJack Dempsey in front of boxing's first million dollar gate (approximately $18,000,000 today). Carpentier was badly beaten around before suffering a knockout in the second minute of the fourth round and never fought again for that title. He lost his world light heavyweight title and his European heavyweight and light heavyweight titles the following year, on 24 September 1922, in a controversial bout withSenegalese fighterBattling Siki. His last truly noteworthy fight was on 24 July 1924, withGene Tunney at thePolo Grounds inManhattan, New York City. Carpentier lost the bout byTKO after fifteen rounds. He retired from the ring after a final exhibition bout in 1927.

In June 1921, cartoonistTad Dorgan drew what he expected would occur in the Carpentier-Dempsey fight.

Following his retirement from boxing, Carpentier spent a number of years as avaudeville song-and-dance man, mostly in the UK and the US. As a singer he cuttwo sides on a gramophone record in 1927 for Pathé, in the style of French singerMaurice Chevalier. He is the author of a boxing novel,Brothers of the Brown Owl: A Story of the Boxing Ring published c. 1920 by Cassell and Company (being a volume in the uniform Cassell's Empire Library). He also appeared in half a dozenmotion pictures, starring in bothsilent films andtalkies. He made three films inHollywood, US, one for directorJ. Stuart Blackton in England and two in his native France. His last screen appearance was in 1934. Soon after, he became proprietor of an upmarket bar,Chez Georges Carpentier, in a chic Paris neighbourhood. In several different locations, this is the profession he would exercise until shortly before his death.

From the time they boxed together in 1921, Carpentier remained close friends with Jack Dempsey. They visited each other in New York and Paris, got together to commemorate the anniversary of their famous bout and exchanged birthday greetings.

Death

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Carpentier died in Paris at age 81 in 1975 of aheart attack, and was buried in the cimetière deVaires-sur-Marne,Seine-et-Marne, France.[2]

Legacy

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He was elected to theInternational Boxing Hall of Fame in 1991.[5]

Selected filmography

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Professional boxing record

[edit]
112 fights89 wins15 losses
By knockout5710
By decision294
By disqualification31
Draws6
No contests1
Newspaper decisions/draws1

Allnewspaper decisions are officially regarded as “no decision” bouts and are not counted in the win/loss/draw column.

No.ResultRecordOpponentTypeRoundDateAgeLocationNotes
112Win89–15–6(2)Rocco StramagliaKO3 (12)Sep 15, 192632 years, 246 daysElks Gym, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, U.S.
111Win88–15–6(2)Jack BurkeKO2 (4)Jul 7, 192632 years, 176 daysDenver, Colorado, U.S.
110Loss87–15–6(2)Tommy LoughranUD10Jun 17, 192632 years, 156 daysSesquicentennial Stadium, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
109Draw87–14–6(2)Eddie HuffmanPTS10May 21, 192632 years, 129 daysMadison Square Garden, New York City, New York, U.S.
108Loss87–14–5(2)Gene TunneyTKO15 (15)Jul 24, 1924.30 years, 194 daysPolo Grounds, New York City, New York, U.S.
107Loss87–13–5(2)Tommy GibbonsNWS10May 31, 192430 years, 140 daysFloyd Fitzsimmons' Arena, Michigan City, Indiana, U.S.
106Win87–13–5(1)Arthur TownleyKO2 (10)May 1, 192430 years, 110 daysStadion Hohe Warte, Vienna, Austria
105Win86–13–5(1)Joe BeckettKO1 (20)Oct 1, 192329 years, 262 daysOlympia, Kensington, London, EnglandWon vacant IBU heavyweight title
104Win85–13–5(1)Marcel NillesKO8 (20)May 6, 192329 years, 114 daysStade Buffalo, Montrouge, Hauts-de-Seine, FranceWon vacant France heavyweight title
103Loss84–13–5(1)Battling SikiKO6 (20)Sep 24, 192228 years, 255 daysStade Buffalo, Montrouge, Hauts-de-Seine, FranceLost NBA, NYSAC, and IBU light-heavyweight titles
Lost IBU heavyweight title
102Win84–12–5(1)Ted 'Kid' LewisKO1 (20)May 11, 192228 years, 119 daysOlympia, Kensington, London, EnglandRetainedNBA, NYSAC, and IBU light-heavyweight titles
101Win83–12–5(1)George CookKO4 (10)Jan 12, 192228 years, 0 daysRoyal Albert Hall, Kensington, London, England
100Loss82–12–5(1)Jack DempseyKO4 (12)Jul 2, 192127 years, 171 daysBoyle's Thirty Acres, Jersey City, New Jersey, U.S.ForNYSAC andNBA heavyweight titles
99Win82–11–5(1)Battling LevinskyKO4 (12)Oct 12, 192026 years, 274 daysWestside Ballpark, Jersey City, New Jersey, U.S.Wonworld and vacantNYSAC light-heavyweight titles
98Win81–11–5(1)Georges GrundhovenKO2 (15)Feb 21, 192026 years, 40 daysPalais du Soleil, Beausoleil, Alpes-Maritimes, France
97Win80–11–5(1)Blink McCloskeyKO2 (15)Jan 10, 192025 years, 363 daysAlhambra, Bordeaux, Gironde, France
96Win79–11–5(1)Joe BeckettKO1 (20)Dec 4, 191925 years, 326 daysHolborn Stadium, Holborn, London, EnglandRetained IBU heavyweight title
95Win78–11–5(1)Jean CroissillesKO2 (20)Sep 29, 191925 years, 260 daysTeatro Bellas Artes, San Sebastian, País Vasco, Spain
94Win77–11–5(1)Dick SmithKO8 (20)Jul 19, 191925 years, 188 daysCirque de Paris, Paris, FranceRetained IBU light-heavyweight title
93Win76–11–5(1)Kid JacksonDQ4 (15)Jul 26, 191420 years, 195 daysBordeaux, Gironde, FranceJackson was disqualified for hitting low
92Win75–11–5(1)Gunboat SmithDQ6 (20)Jul 16, 191420 years, 185 daysOlympia, Kensington, London, EnglandWon 'white' world heavyweight title
91Win74–11–5(1)Battling RobinsonKO3 (?)Jun 14, 191420 years, 153 daysPlace du Champ-de-Mars, Beziers, Hérault, France
90Win73–11–5(1)Hubert RocKO2 (12)May 31, 191420 years, 139 daysHippodrome, Valenciennes, Nord, France
89Win72–11–5(1)George MitchellTKO1 (6)Apr 14, 191420 years, 92 daysSalle Lerda, Paris, France
88Win71–11–5(1)Irish O'MaraKO2 (15)Apr 13, 191420 years, 91 daysBlois, Loir-et-Cher, France
87Loss70–11–5(1)Joe JeannettePTS15Mar 21, 191420 years, 68 daysLuna Parc, Porte Maillot, Paris, France
86Win70–10–5(1)Pat O'KeeffeKO2 (15)Jan 19, 191420 years, 7 daysEldorado-Casino, Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France
85Win69–10–5(1)Bombardier Billy WellsKO1 (20)Dec 8, 191319 years, 330 daysNational Sporting Club, Covent Garden, London, EnglandRetained IBU heavyweight title
84Win68–10–5(1)Max AbbatKO3 (12)Oct 31, 191319 years, 292 days Kursaal de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
83Win67–10–5(1)Jeff SmithPTS20Oct 11, 191319 years, 272 daysLuna Park Arena, Paris, France
82Win66–10–5(1)Ashley WilliamsKO4 (12)Aug 6, 191319 years, 206 daysCasino-Kursaal, Vichy, Allier, France
81Win65–10–5(1)Albert LurieTKO3 (?)Jun 29, 191319 years, 168 daysArènes de la Benatte, Bordeaux, Gironde, France
80Win64–10–5(1)Bombardier Billy WellsKO4 (20)Jun 1, 191319 years, 140 daysFeestpaleis, Ghent, Oost-Vlaanderen, BelgiumWon inauguralIBU heavyweight title
79Win63–10–5(1)George GuntherPTS15Mar 17, 191319 years, 64 daysEldorado-Casino, Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France
78Win62–10–5(1)Willy SchootKO2 (10)Mar 8, 191319 years, 55 daysCasino-Palace, Roubaix, Nord, France
77Win61–10–5(1)Cyclone SmithKO3 (20)Mar 1, 191319 years, 48 daysEldorado-Casino, Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France
76Win60–10–5(1)Bandsman Dick RiceKO2 (20)Feb 12, 191319 years, 31 daysGrand Hall des Magasins Généraux, Dieppe, Seine-Maritime, FranceWon inauguralIBU light-heavyweight title
75Win59–10–5(1)Marcel MoreauTKO8 (20)Jan 8, 191318 years, 362 daysGrand Hall des Magasins Généraux, Dieppe, Seine-Maritime, France
74Loss58–10–5(1)Billy PapkeTKO18 (20)Oct 23, 191218 years, 285 daysGrand Hall des Magasins Généraux, Dieppe, Seine-Maritime, FranceFor world middlweight title claim
73Loss58–9–5(1)Frank KlausDQ19 (20)Jun 24, 191218 years, 164 daysGrand Hall des Magasins Généraux, Dieppe, Seine-Maritime, FranceLost world middleweight title claim
Forworld middleweight title
72Win58–8–5(1)Willie LewisPTS20May 22, 191218 years, 131 daysCirque de Paris, Paris, FranceRetained IBU and world middleweight title claim
71Win57–8–5(1)Hubert RocKO6 (?)May 10, 191218 years, 119 daysApollo-Théâtre, Marseille, Bouches-du-Rhône, France
70Win56–8–5(1)George GuntherPTS20Apr 3, 191218 years, 82 daysCirque de Paris, Paris, FranceRetained IBU and world middleweight title claim
69Win55–8–5(1)Jim SullivanKO2 (20)Feb 29, 191218 years, 48 daysStand de la Condamine, Monte Carlo, MonacoRetained world middlweight title claim
Won inauguralIBU middleweight title
68Win54–8–5(1)Charles BradleyKO2 (?)Jan 27, 191218 years, 15 days Hippodrome Lillois, Lille, Nord, France
67Win53–8–5(1)Battling LacroixTKO6 (15)Jan 17, 191218 years, 5 daysSalle du Grand Skating-Rouennais, Rouen, Seine-Maritime, France
66Win52–8–5(1)Battling TaylorKO4 (?)Jan 13, 191218 years, 1 day Hippodrome Lillois, Lille, Nord, France
65Win51–8–5(1)Harry LewisPTS20Dec 13, 191117 years, 335 days Cirque de Paris, Paris, France
64Win50–8–5(1)Battling LacroixKO9 (15)Nov 25, 191117 years, 317 days Hippodrome Lillois, Lille, Nord, France
63Win49–8–5(1)Theo GrayKO9 (?)Nov 17, 191117 years, 309 daysBoulogne-sur-Mer, Pas-de-Calais, France
62Win48–8–5(1)Young JosephRTD10 (20)Oct 23, 191117 years, 284 daysEmpress Rink, Earl's Court, London, EnglandWon inauguralIBU welterweight title
61Win47–8–5(1)Sid BurnsPTS15Oct 2, 191117 years, 263 daysEmpress Rink, Earl's Court, London, England
60Loss46–8–5(1)Dixie KidTKO5 (15)Aug 19, 191117 years, 219 daysTrouville, Calvados, France
59Win46–7–5(1)Arthur EverndenPTS15Aug 14, 191117 years, 214 daysCabourg, Calvados, France
58Win45–7–5(1)Jack GoldswainKO4 (15)Jun 23, 191117 years, 162 daysSkating de la Rue Edinbourg, Paris, France
57Win44–7–5(1)Robert EustacheTKO16 (20)Jun 10, 191117 years, 149 daysCirque de Paris, Paris, FranceWon vacant France welterweight title
56Win43–7–5(1)Frank LoughreyPTS15May 20, 191117 years, 128 daysCirque de Paris, Paris, France
55Win42–7–5(1)Henri MarchandKO6 (15)Apr 23, 191117 years, 101 daysArras, Pas-de-Calais, France
54Win41–7–5(1)George ColbournePTS10Apr 8, 191117 years, 86 daysPalais Baudouin, Brussels, Bruxelles-Capitale, Belgium
53Win40–7–5(1)Sid StaggPTS10Apr 1, 191117 years, 79 daysFranco-American Skating Rink, Roubaix, Nord, France
52Win39–7–5(1)Jack MeekinsPTS10Mar 25, 191117 years, 72 daysWonderland, Paris, France
51Win38–7–5(1)Henri MarchandKO6 (?)Mar 15, 191117 years, 62 daysLiege, Belgium
50Win37–7–5(1)Harry StaessensKO1 (10)Mar 12, 191117 years, 59 days Théâtre des Associations, Lens, Pas-de-Calais, France
49Win36–7–5(1)Young NipperPTS8Mar 1, 191117 years, 48 daysHippodrome, Paris, Paris, France
48Loss35–7–5(1)Henri PietPTS10Jan 27, 191117 years, 15 daysCirque de Paris, Paris, France
47Win35–6–5(1)George RandallKO5 (15)Jan 14, 191117 years, 2 daysWonderland, Paris, France
46Win34–6–5(1)Edouard BrochetKO7 (15)Jan 8, 191116 years, 361 days Théâtre des Associations, Lens, Pas-de-Calais, France
45Win33–6–5(1)Jack DanielsPTS10Dec 17, 191016 years, 339 daysWonderland, Paris, France
44Win32–6–5(1)Henri DemlenPTS10Dec 3, 191016 years, 325 daysTheatre Lyrique, Schaerbeek, Bruxelles-Capitale, Belgium
43Win31–6–5(1)George RandallTKO10 (10)Nov 19, 191016 years, 311 daysWonderland, Paris, France
42Win30–6–5(1)Young WilliamsKO7 (?)Nov 6, 191016 years, 298 daysArras, Pas-de-Calais, France
41Win29–6–5(1)Jim CampbellKO5 (10)Oct 22, 191016 years, 283 daysWonderland, Paris, France
40Win28–6–5(1)Percy WilsonPTS10Oct 15, 191016 years, 276 daysWonderland, Paris, France
39Draw27–6–5(1)Jean AudouyPTS10Oct 8, 191016 years, 269 daysTheatre Lyrique, Schaerbeek, Bruxelles-Capitale, Belgium
38Win27–6–4(1)Fernand CunyTKO8 (?)Aug 13, 191016 years, 213 daysCabourg, Calvados, France
37Win26–6–4(1)Hubert BaelenKO2 (?)Jul 17, 191016 years, 186 daysLille, Nord, France
36Draw25–6–4(1)Paul TilPTS15Jul 8, 191016 years, 177 daysPepiniere, Paris, France
35Win25–6–3(1)Louis AchilleKO6 (10)Jun 11, 191016 years, 150 daysSalon de l'Alcazar, Lievin, Pas-de-Calais, France
34Loss24–6–3(1)Fernand CunyTKO13 (?)Apr 16, 191016 years, 94 daysBordeaux, Gironde, France
33Loss24–5–3(1)Ted BroadribbTKO4 (?)Apr 9, 191016 years, 87 daysWonderland, Paris, France
32Win24–4–3(1)Georges GloriaKO8 (?)Apr 3, 191016 years, 81 daysLens, Pas-de-Calais, France
31Win23–4–3(1)Fernand CunyPTS10Mar 26, 191016 years, 73 daysNouvel-Alcazar, Lyon, Rhône, France
30Win22–4–3(1)Louis AchilleKO5 (10)Mar 20, 191016 years, 67 daysHippodrome Municipal, Douai, Nord, France
29Loss21–4–3(1)Buck ShinePTS10Mar 12, 191016 years, 59 daysPalais Baudouin, Brussels, Bruxelles-Capitale, Belgium
28Win21–3–3(1)Wally PickardKO8 (10)Feb 5, 191016 years, 24 daysPalais Baudouin, Brussels, Bruxelles-Capitale, Belgium
27NC20–3–3(1)Paul TilNC8 (15)Jan 14, 191016 years, 2 daysÉlysée Montmartre, Paris, FranceNo decision was given after an accidental clash of heads left Til unable to continue
26Win20–3–3Georges GaillardPTS10Jan 8, 191015 years, 361 daysThéâtre des Associations, Lens, Pas-de-Calais, France
25Win19–3–3Young WarnerDQ7 (10)Jan 5, 191015 years, 358 daysTivoli Boxing-Hall, Paris, France
24Win18–3–3Paul TilPTS10Dec 22, 190915 years, 344 daysTivoli Boxing-Hall, Paris, France
23Win17–3–3Georges GaillardPTS6Dec 8, 190915 years, 330 daysTivoli Boxing-Hall, Paris, France
22Loss16–3–3Paul TilTKO8 (20)Nov 27, 190915 years, 319 daysHippodrome Lillois, Lille, Nord, FranceFor vacant France bantamweight title
21Win16–2–3Charles LedouxPTS15Nov 24, 190915 years, 316 daysTivoli Boxing-Hall, Paris, France
20Win15–2–3Joseph LampinKO7 (?)Nov 8, 190915 years, 300 daysHenin-Beaumont, Pas-de-Calais, France
19Win14–2–3Lucien DorgueillePTS10Oct 23, 190915 years, 284 daysWonderland, Paris, France
18Draw13–2–3Paul TilPTS10Oct 16, 190915 years, 277 daysHippodrome Lillois, Lille, Nord, FranceFor vacant France bantamweight title
17Win13–2–2Omer HelleboutTKO5 (10)Oct 11, 190915 years, 272 daysSalle Desruelles, Roubaix, Nord, France
16Win12–2–2Joseph LampinKO5 (10)Aug 28, 190915 years, 75 daysThéâtre du Café Dubois, Denain, Nord, France
15Win11–2–2Lucien DorgueilleKO11 (15)Aug 21, 190915 years, 221 daysSalle Beudaert, Lille, Nord, France
14Win10–2–2Emile WetinckKO1 (?)Jun 26, 190915 years, 165 daysLille, Nord, France
13Win9–2–2Joseph LampinKO10 (10)May 20, 190915 years, 128 daysValenciennes, Nord, France
12Win8–2–2Auguste RelingerPTS6May 17, 190915 years, 125 daysHippodrome-Théâtre, Roubaix, Nord, France
11Win7–2–2F. CheveauPTS6Apr 25, 190915 years, 103 daysVélodrome Roubaisien, Roubaix, Nord, France
10Win6–2–2AchalmePTS10Mar 18, 190915 years, 65 daysLens, Pas-de-Calais, France
9Draw5–2–2Charles LegrandPTS20Feb 28, 190915 years, 47 daysThéâtre des Associations, Lens, Pas-de-Calais, France
8Win5–2–1Gaston SimonPTS10Feb 25, 190915 years, 44 daysParis, France
7Loss4–2–1Georges GloriaKO6 (?)Feb 19, 190915 years, 38 daysParis, France
6Win4–1–1Charles LegrandPTS15Jan 10, 190914 years, 364 daysThéâtre des Associations, Lens, Pas-de-Calais, France
5Draw3–1–1Charles LegrandPTS6Dec 5, 190814 years, 328 daysBethune, Pas-de-Calais, France
4Win3–1Gaston SimonPTS6Dec 3, 190814 years, 326 daysTivoli Boxing-Hall, Paris, France
3Win2–1Louis LépinePTS6Dec 3, 190814 years, 326 daysTivoli Boxing-Hall, Paris, France
2Loss1–1Ed SalmonTKO18 (20)Nov 30, 190814 years, 323 days Cafe de Paris, Maisons-Lafitte, Val-de-Marne, France
1Win1–0Ed SalmonDQ13 (20)Nov 1, 190814 years, 294 days Cafe de Paris, Maisons-Lafitte, Val-de-Marne, France

Titles in boxing

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Major world titles

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Regional/International titles

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Undisputed titles

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes and references

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^As the NBA (WBA) was not yet formed until 1921, Carpentier was considered the "World" light heavyweight champion along with winning the vacant NYSAC title after defeatingBattling Levinsky on October 12, 1920.
  2. ^Awarded inaugural title in January 1921.
  3. ^abcdInaugural champion.
  4. ^Became the first ever undisputed light heavyweight champion after being awarded the inaugural NBA light heavyweight title in January 1921.

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdJames B. Roberts & Alexander G. Skutt (2006).The Boxing Register: International Boxing Hall of Fame Official Record Book. USA: McBooks Press. p. 83.ISBN 9781590131213. Retrieved25 August 2014.
  2. ^abRadosta, John S. (October 29, 1975)."Georges Carpentier, Boxer, Dies in Paris; He Fought Dempsey at Boyle's Thirty Acres in 1921".New York Times. Retrieved2008-10-16.
  3. ^UKRetail Price Index inflation figures are based on data fromClark, Gregory (2017)."The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)".MeasuringWorth. RetrievedMay 7, 2024.
  4. ^"The Lineal Light Heavyweight Champions". The Cyber Boxing Zone Encyclopedia.
  5. ^John Grasso (2014).Historical Dictionary of Boxing. USA: Scarecrow Press. p. 89.ISBN 9780810878679. Retrieved25 August 2014.
Achievements
Regional boxing titles
New titleEuropeanLight Heavyweight Champion
12 February 1913 – 24 September 1922
Succeeded by
Battling Siki
World boxing titles
Preceded by World Light Heavyweight Champion
12 October 1920 – 24 September 1922
Succeeded by
Titles in pretence
Vacant World Middleweight Champion
29 February 1912 - 24 June 1912
claim unified by
Frank Klaus
Preceded byWorld White Heavyweight Champion
16 July 1914 - 5 April 1915
Title defunct when
Jess Willard
winsWorld Championship

External links

[edit]
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