George Louis Palmella Busson du Maurier (6 March 1834 – 8 October 1896) was a French-Britishcartoonist, illustrator, and novelist. He was known for his work inPunch and his 1894Gothic novelTrilby, featuring the characterSvengali.
George du Maurier was born inParis,France, son of Louis-Mathurin Busson du Maurier and wife Ellen Clarke, daughter of theRegency courtesanMary Anne Clarke. He was brought up to believe hisaristocratic grandparents had fled fromFrance during theRevolution, leaving vast estates behind, to live in England asémigrés. In fact, du Maurier's grandfather, Robert-Mathurin Busson, was atradesman who left Paris,France, in 1789 to avoid charges of fraud and later changed the family name to the grander-sounding du Maurier.[1]
Du Maurier studied art in Paris,France, in the studio ofCharles Gleyre,[2] and moved toAntwerp, Belgium, where he lost the vision in his left eye. He was reportedly studyingchemistry atUniversity College, London, in 1851.[3] He is recorded in the 1861 England Census as alodger at 85 Newman St in Marylebone.[4]
"Now then, Mossoo, your Form is of the Manliest Beauty, and you are altogether a most attractive Object; but you've stood there long enough. So jump in and have done with it!"
Du Maurier became a member of staff at the British satirical magazinePunch in 1865, drawing two cartoons a week. His commonest targets were the affected manners ofVictorian society, thebourgeoisie and members of Britain's growing middle class in particular. His most enduring cartoon,True Humility (1895), popularised the expressions "good in parts" and "acurate's egg". In it, a bishop addresses a humblecurate, whom he has invited to breakfast: "I'm afraid you've got a bad egg, Mr. Jones." The curate replies, "Oh no, my Lord, I assure you – parts of it are excellent!"[5] The gag was not original to du Maurier, however, as it had appeared in a similar cartoon a few months earlier inJudy, a less widely read competitor toPunch.[6] In an earlier (1884) cartoon, du Maurier coined the expression "bedside manner", with which he satirised medical care.[7] Another of his notable cartoons depicted a fancifulvideophone conversation in 1879, using a device he called "Edison'stelephonoscope".[8]
While producing black-and-white drawings forPunch, du Maurier created illustrations for several other popular periodicals:Harper's,The Graphic,The Illustrated Times,The Cornhill Magazine, and the religious periodicalGood Words.[9] Furthermore, he did illustrations for the 1862-63 serialisation ofCharles Warren Adams'sThe Notting Hill Mystery, which is often seen as the first detective story of novel length to have appeared in English.[10] Among several other novels he illustrated wasMisunderstood byFlorence Montgomery in 1873.[11]
His deteriorating eyesight caused du Maurier to reduce his involvement withPunch in 1891 and settle inHampstead, where he wrote three novels. His first,Peter Ibbetson (1891), was a modest success at the time, and later adapted as a1917 play, a1931 opera, and a1935 film.[12]
His second novel,Trilby, published in 1894, fitted into thegothichorror genre that was undergoing a revival. Hugely popular, it tells of a poor artist's model, Trilby O'Ferrall, transformed into a diva under the spell of an evil musical genius,Svengali. Soap, songs, dances, toothpaste, and even the city ofTrilby, Florida, were named after her, as was the variety of soft felt hat with an indented crown worn in the London stage dramatisation of the novel. The plot inspiredGaston Leroux's 1910 novelPhantom of the Opera and innumerable works derived from it.[13] Du Maurier eventually came to dislike the persistent attention the novel was given.
The third novel was a long, largely autobiographical work entitledThe Martian, published posthumously in 1898.[citation needed]
Du Maurier met Emma Wightwick in 1853 and married her a decade later, on 3 January 1863, atSt Marylebone, Westminster.[14][15] Moving frequently over the course of their marriage, the couple first settled inHampstead in 1869, initially atGang Moor near the Whitestone Pond for three years, before moving to 27Church Row and later at New Grove House inHampstead Grove in 1881.[16][17][18] In 1891, the family is recorded as residing at 2 Porchester Rd in Paddington.[19] They had five children: Beatrix (known as Trixy),Guy,Sylvia, Marie Louise (known as May) andGerald.[20]
George du Maurier's grave at St John's at Hampstead churchyard. Also interred in the same grave are Emma, his wife and Gerald du Maurier, his son.
Du Maurier died on 8 October 1896 and was buried inSt John-at-Hampstead churchyard in Hampstead. The success of his writings and illustrations allowed du Maurier to leave a then staggering amount of £47,555 in his will.[21]
Du Maurier was a close friend ofHenry James, the novelist; their relationship was fictionalised inDavid Lodge'sAuthor, Author (2004).[22]
"A Legend of Camelot" Illustration by du Maurier forPunch, 17 March 1866, parodyingPre-Raphaelitism
^London, England: Oxford University Press; Volume: Vol 22; Page: 370. Ancestry.com.Dictionary of National Biography, Volumes 1–22 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. This collection was indexed by Ancestry World Archives Project contributors. Stephen, Sir Leslie, ed.Dictionary of National Biography, 1921–1922.Volumes 1–22. London, England: Oxford University Press, 1921–1922. Dictionary of National Biography, 1921–1922, Oxford University Press, London, England.
^Class:RG 9; Piece:66; Folio:57; Page:37; GSU roll:542567. Ancestry.com.1861 England Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2005.Census Returns of England and Wales, 1861. Kew, Surrey, England: The National Archives of the UK (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO), 1861. Data imaged from The National Archives, London, England.
^Benham, W. Gurney.A Book of Quotations, Proverbs and Household Words: A Collection of Quotations from British and American Authors, Ancient and Modern. J. B. Lippincott, 1907, p. 458.
^London Metropolitan Archives; London, England; Reference Number:P89/mry1/235. Ancestry.com.London, England, Church of England Marriages and Banns, 1754-1932 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Church of England Parish Registers. London Metropolitan Archives, London.
^Class:RG10; Piece:192; Folio:4; Page:2; GSU roll:823312. Ancestry.com.1871 England Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004.Census Returns of England and Wales, 1871. Kew, Surrey, England: The National Archives of the UK (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO), 1871. Data imaged from the National Archives, London, England.
^Mary Cathcart Borer (1976),Hampstead and Highgate: The story of two hilltop villages. London:W. H. Allen & Co., p. 169.ISBN0491018274
^The National Archives of the UK (TNA); Kew, Surrey, England; Class: RG12; Piece: 15; Folio: 174; Page: 3. Ancestry.com. 1891 England Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2005. Census Returns of England and Wales, 1891. Kew, Surrey, England: The National Archives of the UK (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO), 1891.
^Class:RG11; Piece:166; Folio:99; Page:19; GSU roll:1341036. Ancestry.com and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.1881 England Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004.Census Returns of England and Wales, 1881. Kew, Surrey, England: The National Archives of the UK (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO), 1881.
^Ancestry.com.England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858–1995[database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Principal Probate Registry.Calendar of the Grants of Probate and Letters of Administration made in the Probate Registries of the High Court of Justice in England. London, England.
