| George Gore | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Center fielder | |
| Born:(1854-05-03)May 3, 1854 Saccarappa, Maine, U.S. | |
| Died: September 16, 1933(1933-09-16) (aged 79) Utica, New York, U.S. | |
Batted: Left Threw: Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| May 1, 1879, for the Chicago White Stockings | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| August 18, 1892, for the St. Louis Browns | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .301 |
| Home runs | 46 |
| Runs batted in | 618 |
Stats atBaseball Reference  | |
| Managerial record at Baseball Reference | |
| Teams | |
As player
As manager | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
| |
George F. Gore (May 3, 1854 – September 16, 1933), nicknamed "Piano Legs",[1] was an Americancenter fielder inMajor League Baseball who played for 14 seasons, eight for theChicago White Stockings, five for theNew York Giants, one for theSt. Louis Browns (1892) of theNational League (NL), and theNew York Giants of thePlayers' League (1890).
Born inSaccarappa, Maine, Gore led the NL in several seasonal offensive categories. He won his onlybatting title in 1880 while playing for Chicago, along with league leading totals inon-base percentage andslugging percentage. He also led the league twice inruns scored,bases on balls three times, andgames played by a center fielder once. Gore was also the all-time leader for most errors by major league outfielder upon his retirement with 368 total, including a record 346 errors in the National League, records he still holds today. (He made 217 errors for Chicago; 122 for New York; and seven for St. Louis, all National League teams; and 22 for the New York Giants of thePlayers' League.)[2]
Gore played for many successful teams throughout his career. During his eight seasons with the White Stockings, they won the league title five times, including appearances in twoWorld Series. Chicago played the St. Louis Browns in both 1885, which ended in a series tie, and 1886, with St. Louis winning the championship. He was also a member of the New York Giants' two National League championship teams in 1888 and 1889. Both Giants teams went on to claim World Series victories, against the St. Louis Browns in 1888, and theBrooklyn Bridegrooms in 1889.
Twice he set single-game records, one for stealing seven bases, and the other for collecting fiveextra-base hits. Although he had statistics that put him consistently among the seasonal league leaders, he reportedly had a poor work ethic resulting from an active social life outside of baseball. This behavior did not endear him to his team captain,Cap Anson, which caused them to feud during Gore's time in Chicago. After his career, he had major financial difficulties, having to move from job to job just to support his bare necessities. He died at the age of 79 inUtica, New York.
Officially born inSaccarappa, Maine (although it is also claimed he was born inHartland, Maine), Gore was born into a poor, country family.[3][4] As a young man, he grew up playing baseball in and around his hometown of Hartland. While working for, and playing for the S.D. Warren Paper Mill inWestbrook, Maine, his skills caught the attention of pro scouts and in 1877 he signed a contract with a team inFall River, Massachusetts of the New England League.[4] He showed up to his first professional baseball tryout without shoes.[4]
The following year, he played for theNew Bedford Whalers, batted .324 and helped the team win the New England championship.[4] Scouts from seven major league teams were vying for his services, but it was when he was playing in an exhibition game against Anson's Chicago White Stockings team that he got his opportunity to sign a major league contract. After the game, White Stockings ownerAlbert Spalding offered him a contract to play for his team, and Gore signed. Spalding offered him $1,200 a season, and although Gore originally asked for $2,500, they eventually compromised on $1,900.[4]
He made his major league debut with Chicago on May 1, 1879.[3] He played in 63 games that first season as the club's starting center fielder and batted .263.[3] Gore excelled during his second season with Chicago, leading the league with a .360batting average, as well as a .399on-base percentage, and .463slugging percentage.[3] Additionally, he finished in the top five among league leaders inruns scored,hits,doubles,runs batted in (RBIs),bases on balls andsingles.[1]
In 1881 and 1882, Gore continued his hitting success, as he finished in the top 10 in multiple offensive categories.[1] He led the league in runs scored both seasons, and walks in 1882.[3] On June 25, 1881, he became the first known player to record at least sevenstolen bases in one game when theChicago Tribune noted that Gore stole second base five times and third base three times. It considered the all-time record even though at the time stolen bases were not recorded as an official statistic. This feat has only been equaled byBilly Hamilton, who also stole seven bases on August 31, 1894.[citation needed]
The White Stockings failed to finish the 1883 season in first place, after having captured league titles the previous three years.[5] Gore's production did not decline despite his team's sinking performance as he was again among the top players in several offensive categories over the next two seasons, including a league-leading 61 walks in 1884.[1]
In 1885 and 1886 the White Stockings returned to the top of the NL.[5] Gore's offensive production continued at a high level, again among league leaders in several categories.[1] On July 9, 1885, in a game against theProvidence Grays and theirpitcherCharles Radbourn, he gathered fiveextra-base hits, three doubles and twotriples. He is the first player to accomplish this feat, which has since been equalled many times, but never surpassed. After the 1885 season, Chicago played theSt. Louis Browns, theAmerican Association (AA) champion, in a best-of-seven series of exhibition games known as the "World Series." The series ended with Chicago and St. Louis each winning three games, and one game ending in a tie.[6] After the tie game, Gore was suspended for drunkenness and indifference, and was replaced for the rest of the series byBilly Sunday. Sunday later converted toChristianity and became a well-knownevangelist.[6][7] In 1886, Gore established career highs in bases on balls with 102 (the first player to reach 100 walks in a season), which also led the NL, and runs scored with 150, while the White Stockings again finished in first place.[1][5] Following the season, the White Stockings again played the St. Louis Browns in another exhibition "World Series." St. Louis won the series, four games to two.[8]
In the aftermath of the St. Louis series, there were not only charges of drunkenness among many of the players, but also allegations that players intentionally lost games for money, known then as "hippodroming".[9]King Kelly had the reputation as being the hardest drinker, as well as the having the most active social life, which management tolerated due to his stellar play. However, that meant instilling discipline in the other players, who used Kelly as an example, was extremely difficult.[9] On November 24, 1886, Gore was the first to go, when he was sold to the New York Giants for approximately $3,500.[3][9] WriterHenry Chadwick said Gore "cannot play in harmony with Captain and ManagerAnson, and Mr.Spalding has wisely released a discontented player whose skill as a fielder, batter, and base runner was offset by his unpleasant relations with the team captain."[4]
Weeks after Gore's contract was sold to the New York Giants, Chicago writer Harry Palmer wrote that whenever Gore "failed to play ball for all he was worth, Anson has reprimanded him." Socially, Palmer added, Anson says "Gore is all right. As an instance of their friendly relations, Anson says Gore applied to him for work this Winter, and the big Chicago captain promised him employment on the toboggan slides at the White Stocking Park whenever he wanted it."[citation needed] In 1888, after seeing him in street clothes during a home game, theNew York Star called him "'Budweiser' Gore."
In his 1900 bookA Ball Player's Career, Anson said Gore was a good player. Also, "Women and wine brought about his downfall, however, and the last time that I saw him in New York he was broken down, both in heart and pocket, and willing to work at anything that would yield him the bare necessities of life."[citation needed]
Gore joined aNew York Giants team that had a roster that contained no less than six futureBaseball Hall of Famers:John Montgomery Ward,Roger Connor,Buck Ewing,Tim Keefe,Mickey Welch, andJim O'Rourke.[10] Gore took his usual position incenter field, replacing O'Rourke, who was the starter the previous season.[10][11] Gore played well that first season in New York, batting .290 and scoring 95 runs, but the team finished in fourth place in the National League.[3][12]
For the 1888 season, Gore played in just 64 of the team's 138 games.[13] O'Rourke had reclaimed a starting position, this time inleft field, while Gore split his playing time between center and left field.[13] Gore's popularity waned early into the season, so much so that on May 3, New York fans screamed at on-field captain Ewing to playMike Slattery instead. Gore had already taken his position in left field, but Ewing made the change to Slattery before the game started. New York finished the season as the National League champions, and met the St. Louis Browns in the World Series.[14][15] Gore appeared in three of the eleven games that were played during this post-season exhibition. New York was declared the victor, winning six games, and Gore contributed five hits in eleven at-bats for a .455 batting average during the series.[15]
Gore regained his starting position in center field for the 1889 season, and his play improved over his 1888 performance. He batted .305, scored 132 runs, and hit sevenhome runs in 120 games played, although he did commit 41errors in center field, which led the league.[3] The Giants again finished the season as the champions of the NL, and met theBrooklyn Bridegrooms in the 1889 World Series after the season.[14][16] New York was again declared the victor after winning six of the nine games exhibition games played. Gore played in five of these games, collecting seven hits in 21 at-bats for a .333 batting average.[16]
After the 1889 season, Gore's teammate, John Montgomery Ward, had organized a new league, thePlayers' League, and many players were a part of his newunion of baseball players called "The Brotherhood". The Players' League began play for the 1890 season, and Gore joined many of his fellow Giants as they joined the new league to play for theNew York Giants.[17][18] Again, Gore split his playing time between left and center field with both Slattery and O'Rourke, but did finish the season appearing in 93 of the team's 132 games, and batted .318 with 132 runs.[3]
Following the 1890 season, the Players' League folded and all the players were allowed to return to their previous teams. Gore returned the Giants along with all of his teammates. In 1891, the Giants did not return to their previous championship status. They finished third among the league's eight teams, with Gore as their starting center fielder, while O'Rourke had moved to left due to the departure of Slattery.[19][20] Gore batted .284 and scored 103 runs in 130 games played.[3]
Gore began the 1892 season as the starting center fielder of the Giants, but through an unknown transaction, had moved on to the position ofplayer-manager for the St. Louis Browns of the NL.[3] He began his tenure on August 1, and it ended on August 18, during which time his Browns had a win–loss record of 6–9 in the games he managed.[3] In the 20 games that he played in, his batting average was .205. He soon departed the team, and he never played major league baseball again.[3]
In 1310 games over 14 seasons, Gore posted a .301batting average (1612-for-5357) with 1327runs, 262doubles, 94triples, 46home runs, 618RBI, 170stolen bases, 717bases on balls, .386on-base percentage and .411slugging percentage.[1]
In 1894, a judge granted a divorce to his wife. Married since 1882, she had accused him of living in 1891 and into 1892 with a Florence "Florilla" Sinclaire "as his wife, and that they [Gore and Sinclaire] lived as man and wife in One Hundred and Twenty-ninth street" in New York City. Gore denied his wife's charge of having had intimate relations with Sinclaire.[citation needed]
In 1933, months before his death at age 79, Gore told a reporter, "I haven't seen a sick day in seventy-five years, and I feel as good today as I did thirty years ago. I can't get around like I used to, but I still am able to walk three or four miles daily. That keeps me in good shape. I eat three hearty meals a day and my favorite diversion now is playingpinocle. I play it every night. It's great sport for us old-timers." Gore died inUtica, New York at the age of 79, after having lived inNutley, New Jersey the previous 13 years.[3][21]
· Baseball Almanac
