The modern family was founded byCharles "Lucky" Luciano and was known as theLuciano crime family from 1931 to 1957, whenVito Genovese becameboss. Genovese was head of the family during theMcClellan hearings in 1963, which gave the Five Families their current names. Originally in control of the waterfront on theWest Side ofManhattan as well as the docks and theFulton Fish Market on theEast River waterfront, the family was run between 1981 and 2005 by "The Oddfather",Vincent "The Chin" Gigante, who feigned insanity by shuffling unshaven through New York'sGreenwich Village wearing a tattered bath robe and muttering to himself incoherently to avoid prosecution.
The Genovese family is the oldest and the largest of the "Five Families". Finding new ways to make money in the 21st century, the family took advantage of laxdue diligence by banks during thehousing bubble with a wave ofmortgage frauds. Prosecutors sayloan shark victims obtainedhome equity loans to pay off debts to their mob bankers. The family found ways to use new technology to improve onillegal gambling, with customers placing bets through offshore sites via theInternet.
Although the leadership of the Genovese family seemed to have been in limbo after the death of Gigante in 2005, sources believe thatLiborio "Barney" Bellomo is the current boss of the organization.[8] TheFBI described the Genovese family as the largest and most powerful of the Five Families in December 2001.[9] The family is unique in today's Mafia, and has benefited greatly from members followingomertà, a code of conduct emphasizing secrecy and non-cooperation with law enforcement and the justice system. While many mobsters from across the country have testified against their crime families since the 1980s, the Genovese family has had only eleven members and associatesturn state's evidence in its history.[10] Detective Joseph J. Coffey of the New York Organized Crime Task Force described the Genovese family as "the Ivy League of the underworld" in April 1998.[11]
One of Giuseppe Morello's strongest allies wasIgnazio "the Wolf" Lupo, a mobster who controlled Manhattan'sLittle Italy. In 1903, Lupo married Morello's half-sister, uniting both organizations. The Morello-Lupo alliance continued to prosper in 1903, when the group began a majorcounterfeiting ring with powerful SicilianmafiosoVito Cascioferro, printing $5 bills in Sicily andsmuggling them into the US.
New York police detectiveJoseph Petrosino, later assassinated while in Sicily seeking evidence to permit the deportation of Morello and other mafiosi, began investigating the Morello family's counterfeiting operation, thebarrel murders, and theblack handextortion letters. On November 15, 1909, Morello, Lupo, and others were arrested on counterfeiting charges. In February 1910, Morello and Lupo were sentenced to twenty-five and thirty years in prison, respectively.[13]
In 1910 the Lomonte Brothers, cousins of Morello, ran East Harlem until 1915. Fortunato Lomonte was shot and killed in 1914 on East 108th st. Tomasso Lomonte and cousin Rose Lomonte were both shot and killed in 1915 on East 116th st.
As the Morello family increased in power and influence, bloody territorial conflicts arose with other Italian gangs in New York. The Morellos had an alliance withGiosue Gallucci, a prominent East Harlem businessman andCamorrista with local political connections. On May 17, 1915, Gallucci was murdered in a power struggle between the Morellos and theNeapolitan Camorra organization, which consisted of twoBrooklyn gangs run byPellegrino Morano andAlessandro Vollero. The fight over Gallucci'srackets became known as theMafia-Camorra War.
After months of fighting, Morano offered atruce. A meeting was arranged at a Navy Street cafe owned by Vollero. On September 7, 1916, Nicholas Morello and his bodyguardCharles Ubriaco were ambushed and killed upon arrival by five members of the Camorra gang.[14] In 1917, Morano was charged with Morello's murder afterCamorristaRalph Daniello implicated him in the murder. By 1918, law enforcement had sent many Camorra members to prison, decimating the Camorra in New York and ending the war. Many of the remaining Camorra members joined the Morello family.
The Morellos now faced stronger rivals than the Camorra. With the passage ofProhibition in 1920 and the ban of alcohol sales, the family regrouped and built a lucrativebootlegging operation in Manhattan. In 1920, both Morello and Lupo were released from prison and Brooklyn MafiabossSalvatore D'Aquila ordered their murders. This is whenGiuseppe "Joe" Masseria andRocco Valenti, a former Brooklyn Camorra, began to fight for control of the Morello family.[15]
On December 29, 1920, Masseria's men murdered Valenti's ally, Salvatore Mauro. Then, on May 8, 1922, the Valenti gang murderedVincenzo Terranova. Masseria's gang retaliated killing Morello memberSilva Tagliagamba. On August 11, 1922, Masseria's men murdered Valenti, ending the conflict, as Masseria took over the Morello family.[16]
By the late 1920s, Masseria's main rival was bossSalvatore Maranzano, who had come from Sicily to run theCastellammarese clan. Their rivalry eventually escalated into the bloodyCastellammarese War. As the war turned against Masseria, Luciano, seeing an opportunity to switch allegiance, decided to eliminate him in 1931. In a secret deal with Maranzano, Luciano agreed to engineer Masseria's death in return for taking over his rackets and becoming Maranzano's second-in-command.[17]
Adonis had joined the Masseria faction, and when Masseria heard about Luciano's betrayal, he approached Adonis about killing Luciano. However, Adonis instead warned Luciano about the murder plot.[18]
On April 15, 1931, Masseria was killed at Nuova Villa Tammaro, aConey Island restaurant, while playing cards with Luciano, who allegedly excused himself to the bathroom, when four gunmen (Anastasia, Genovese, Adonis, andBenjamin "Bugsy" Siegel) shot Masseria to death then escaping in a car driven byCiro "The Artichoke King" Terranova.[19][20] It was reported that Terranova was too nervous to drive, so Siegel took the driver's seat and drove the car out of the crime scene.[21][22]
With Maranzano's blessing, Luciano became his lieutenant and took over Masseria's gang, ending the Castellammarese War.[17] Between August 1 and 3, 1931, Maranzano called a meeting where crime bosses met at Nuova Villa Tammaro in Coney Island for a bacchanalian banquet to celebrate the death of Masseria right on the spot where he was murdered and another one on Washington Avenue at a hall in the Bronx. Maranzano called another meeting of crime bosses inWappingers Falls, New York, where he declared himselfcapo di tutti capi ("boss of all bosses").[17] Under Maranzano rule the Italian-American gangs in New York City were reorganized intoFive Families headed by Luciano,Joe Profaci,Tommy Gagliano,Vincent Mangano, and himself. Maranzano also whittled down the rival families' rackets in favor of his own. Luciano appeared to accept these changes, but was merely biding his time before removing Maranzano.[23] Although Maranzano was slightly more forward-thinking than Masseria, Luciano had come to believe that Maranzano was even more greedy, power-hungry and hidebound than Masseria had been.[17]
By September 1931, Maranzano realized Luciano was a threat, and hiredVincent "Mad Dog" Coll, an Irish gangster, to kill him.[17] However,Tommy Lucchese alerted Luciano that he was marked for death.[17] On September 10, Maranzano ordered Luciano, Genovese, and Costello to come to his office at the230 Park Avenue in Manhattan. Convinced that Maranzano planned to murder them, Luciano decided to take pre-emptive action.[24] He sent to Maranzano's office four Jewish gangsters, secured with the aid of Siegel andMeyer Lansky, whose faces were unknown to Maranzano's people.[25] Disguised as government agents, two of the gangsters disarmed Maranzano's bodyguards. The other two, aided by Lucchese, stabbed Maranzano multiple times before shooting him.[26][27]
After Maranzano's murder, Luciano called a meeting inChicago with various bosses, where he proposed aCommission to serve as the governing body for organized crime.[28] Designed to settle all disputes and decide which families controlled which territories, the Commission has been called Luciano's greatest innovation.[17] Luciano's goals with the Commission were to quietly maintain his own power over all the families, and to prevent future gang wars; the bosses approved the idea of the Commission.[13]
The Commission's first test came in 1935, when they orderedDutch Schultz to drop his plans to murderSpecial ProsecutorThomas E. Dewey. Luciano argued that an assassination of Dewey would precipitate a massive law enforcement crackdown. An enraged Schultz vowed to kill Dewey anyway and walked out of the meeting.[29]
Anastasia, now the leader ofMurder, Inc., approached Luciano with information that Schultz had asked him to stake out Dewey's apartment building onFifth Avenue. Upon hearing the news, the Commission held a discreet meeting to discuss the matter. After six hours of deliberations, the Commission orderedLepke Buchalter to eliminate Schultz.[30][31] On October 23, 1935, before he could kill Dewey, Schultz was shot in a tavern inNewark,New Jersey, and succumbed to his injuries the following day.[32][33]
On May 13, 1936, Luciano'spandering trial began.[34] Dewey prosecuted the case thatEunice Carter had built against Luciano, accusing him of being part of a massive prostitution ring known as "the Combination".[35] During the trial, Dewey exposed Luciano forlying on the witness stand through direct quizzing and records of telephone calls; Luciano also had no explanation for why hisfederal income tax records claimed he made only $22,000 a year, while he was obviously a wealthy man.[17]
Dewey's case against Luciano on the prostitution charges actually leveled in the indictment, on the other hand, rested on much shakier ground: first on the testimony of Joe Bendix, who was discredited by his own testimony as well as that of others, and then later on the testimony of three prostitutes, whom Dewey rewarded by either paying for a trip to Europe after the trial or arranging for lucrative film and magazine deals.[36] All three witnesses subsequently recanted their testimony.
On June 7, 1936, Luciano was convicted on 62 counts of compulsory prostitution.[37] On June 18, he was sentenced to thirty to fifty years in state prison, along with David Betillo and others.[38][39]
Luciano continued to run his crime family from prison, relaying his orders through Genovese, his acting boss. However, in 1937, Genovese fled toNaples to avoid an impendingindictment for murder in New York.[40] Luciano appointed Costello, hisconsigliere, as the new acting boss and overseer of Luciano's interests.
DuringWorld War II, federal agents came to Luciano for help in preventing enemy sabotage on the New York waterfront and other activities. Luciano agreed to help, in return for a pardon from the State of New York, made contingent on Luciano's deportation to Italy.[36] In reality Luciano provided insignificant assistance to theAllied cause.[citation needed]
After the end of the war, the arrangement with Luciano became public knowledge. To prevent further embarrassment, the government followed through on its plans todeport Luciano on condition that he never return to the U.S. In 1946, Luciano was taken from prison and deported to Italy, where he died in 1962.[41]
From May 1950 to May 1951, theU.S. Senate conducted a large-scale investigation of organized crime, commonly known as theKefauver Hearings, chaired bySenatorEstes Kefauver ofTennessee. Costello was convicted ofcontempt of the Senate and sentenced to eighteen months in prison.[42] Kefauver concluded that New York politicianCarmine DeSapio was assisting the activities of Costello, and that Costello had become influential in decisions made by theTammany Hallpolitical machine. DeSapio admitted to having met Costello several times, but insisted that "politics was never discussed".[43]
In 1952, the federal government began proceedings to strip Costello of his U.S. citizenship and he was indicted forevasion of $73,417 in income taxes between 1946 and 1949. He was sentenced to five years in prison and fined $20,000.[42] In 1954, Costello appealed the conviction and was released on $50,000bail; from 1952 to 1961, he was in and out of half a dozen federal and local prisons and jails, his confinement interrupted by periods when he was out on bail pending determination of appeals.[44][42]
Costello ruled for twenty peaceful years, but his quiet reign ended when Genovese wasextradited from Italy to New York. During his absence, Costello demoted Genovese fromunderboss tocaporegime, leaving Genovese determined to take control of the family. Soon after his arrival in the U.S., Genovese wasacquitted of the 1936 murder charge that had driven him into exile.[45] Free of legal entanglements, he started plotting against Costello with the assistance ofMangano family underbossCarlo Gambino.
On May 2, 1957, Luciano mobsterVincent "the Chin" Gigante shot Costello in the side of the head as Costello returned to his apartment. Gigante's aim proved errant, however, and Costello survived the attack with no more than a flesh wound.[46] Costello claimed he could not identify his attacker; Gigante was later acquitted when prosecuted for the shooting.
Months later, Anastasia, the boss of the Mangano family and a powerful ally of Costello's, was murdered by Gambino's gunmen at thePark Central Hotel in Manhattan. With Anastasia's death,Carlo Gambino seized control of the Mangano family. Fearing for his life and isolated after the shootings, Costello quietly retired and surrendered control of the Luciano family to Genovese.[47]
Having taken control of what was renamed the Genovese crime family in 1957, Genovese decided to organize a Mafia conference to legitimize his new position. Held at mobsterJoseph "Joe the Barber" Barbara's estate inApalachin, New York, theApalachin meeting attracted over 100 mobsters from around the nation. However, local law enforcement stumbled upon the meeting and quickly surrounded the estate. As the meeting broke up, the police stopped a car driven byRussell Bufalino, whose passengers included Genovese and three other men, at a roadblock as they left the estate.[48][49][50] Mafia leaders were chagrined by the public exposure and bad publicity from the Apalachin meeting, and generally blamed Genovese for the fiasco. All those apprehended were fined, up to $10,000 each, and given prison sentences ranging from three to five years, but all the convictions were overturned on appeal in 1960.[49]
Wary of Genovese gaining more power in the Commission, Gambino used the Apalachin meeting as an excuse to move against his former ally. Gambino, Luciano, Costello, and Lucchese allegedly lured Genovese into adrug-dealing scheme that ultimately resulted in hisconspiracy indictment and conviction. In 1959, Genovese was sentenced to fifteen years in prison onnarcotics charges.[51] Genovese, who was the most powerful boss in New York, had been effectively eliminated as a rival by Gambino.[52]
Joseph Valachi during the McClellan hearings, 1963FBI chart of the Genovese family hierarchy in 1963
Genovese soldierJoe Valachi was convicted of narcotics violations in 1959, and sentenced to fifteen years in prison.[53] Valachi's motivations for becoming a governmentinformant had been the subject of some debate; Valachi claimed to be testifying as a public service and to expose a powerful criminal organization that he had blamed for ruining his life, but it is possible he was hoping for government protection as part of aplea bargain in which he was sentenced tolife imprisonment instead of thedeath penalty for a 1962 murder.[53]
While serving his sentence forheroin trafficking, Valachi came to fear that Genovese, also serving a sentence on the same charge, had ordered his murder.[54] On June 22, 1962, using a pipe left near some construction work, Valachibludgeoned an inmate to death whom he had mistaken for Joseph DiPalermo, a Mafia member he believed had been contracted to kill him.[53] After time withFBI handlers, Valachi came forward with a story of Genovese giving him a kiss on the cheek, which he took as a "kiss of death".[55][56][57] A $100,000bounty for Valachi's death had been placed by Genovese.[58]
Although Valachi's disclosures never led directly to the prosecution of any Mafia leaders, he provided many details ofhistory of the Mafia, operations, and rituals, aided in the solving of several unsolved murders, and named many Mafia members, as well as the names of the major crime families themselves. The trial exposed American organized crime to the world through Valachi's televised testimony.[35]
After Genovese was sent to prison in 1959, the family leadership secretly established a "Ruling Panel" to run the family in his absence. This first panel included acting bossThomas "Tommy Ryan" Eboli, underbossGerardo "Jerry" Catena, and Catena's protégéPhilip "Benny Squint" Lombardo. After Genovese died in 1969, Lombardo was named his successor.
However, the family appointed a series of "front bosses" to masquerade as the official family boss. The aim of these deceptions was to protect Lombardo by confusing law enforcement as to who the true leader of the family was.
In the late 1960s, Gambino lent $4 million to Eboli for a drug scheme in an attempt to gain control of the Genovese family. When Eboli failed to pay back his debt, Gambino, with Commission approval, had him murdered in 1972.[63][64][65]
After Eboli's death, Genovesecapo and Gambino allyFrank "Funzi" Tieri was appointed as the new front boss. In reality, the Genovese family created a new ruling panel to run the organization. This second panel consisted of Catena, Lombardo, andMichele "Big Mike" Miranda. In 1981, Tieri became the first Mafia boss to be convicted under the newRICO Act and died in prison later that year.[66]
After Tieri's imprisonment, the family reshuffled its leadership. Thecapo of the Manhattan faction,Anthony "Fat Tony" Salerno, became the new front boss. Lombardo, thede facto boss of the family, soon retired and Gigante, the triggerman on the failed Costello hit, took actual control of the family.[67]
In 1985, US Attorney General for the Southern District of New York,Rudolph Giuliani, set his sights on taking down the Mafia Commission through wiretaps, cooperating witnesses, and surveillance cameras.[68] In 1985, Salerno was convicted in theMafia Commission Trial and sentenced to 100 years in federal prison.[69] In 1986, shortly after Salerno's conviction, his longtime right-hand man,Vincent "The Fish" Cafaro, turnedinformant, and told the FBI that Salerno had been the front boss for Gigante. Cafaro also revealed that the Genovese family had been keeping up this ruse since 1969.[70][71]
After the 1980 murder ofPhiladelphia bossAngelo "Gentle Don" Bruno, Gigante and Lombardo began manipulating the rival factions in the war-torn Philadelphia family. They finally gave their support to Philadelphia mobsterNicodemo "Little Nicky" Scarfo, who in return gave the Genovese mobsters permission to operate inAtlantic City in 1982.[67]
Gigante built a vast network ofbookmaking and loansharking rings, and from extortion of garbage, shipping, trucking, and construction companies seeking labor peace or contracts from carpenters',Teamsters, and laborers' unions, including those at theJavits Center, as well as protection payoffs from merchants at theFulton Fish Market.[72] Gigante also had influence in theFeast of San Gennaro in Little Italy, running illegal gambling operations, extorting payoffs from vendors, and pocketing thousands of dollars donated to a neighborhood church—until a crackdown in 1995 by New York City officials.[72] During Gigante's tenure as boss of the Genovese family, after the imprisonment ofJohn Gotti in 1992, Gigante came to be known as the figureheadcapo di tutti capi, the "Boss of All Bosses", despite the position being abolished since 1931 with the murder of Salvatore Maranzano.[73]
Gigante was reclusive, and almost impossible to capture onwiretaps, speaking softly, eschewing the phone, and even at times whistling into the receiver.[74] He almost never left his home unoccupied because he knew FBI agents would sneak in and plant a bug.[74] Genovese members were not allowed to mention Gigante's name in conversations or phone calls; when they had to mention him, members would point to their chins or make the letter "C" with their fingers.[72][75]
On May 30, 1990, Gigante was indicted along with other members of four of the Five Families for conspiring to rig bids and extort payoffs from contractors on multimillion-dollar contracts with theNew York City Housing Authority to install windows.[76] Gigante attended his arraignment in pajamas and a bathrobe, and due to his defense stating that he was mentally and physically impaired, legal battles ensued for seven years over his competence to stand trial.[72] In June 1993, Gigante was indicted again, charged with sanctioning the murders of six mobsters and conspiring to kill three others, including Gotti.[77][72]
At sanity hearings in March 1996,Sammy "The Bull" Gravano, former underboss of the Gambino family, who became a cooperating witness in 1991,[78] andAlphonse "Little Al" D'Arco, former acting boss of theLucchese family, testified that Gigante was lucid at top-level Mafia meetings and that he had told other gangsters that his eccentric behavior was a pretense.[72] Gigante's lawyers presented testimony and reports from psychiatrists stating that, from 1969 to 1995, Gigante had been confined twenty-eight times in hospitals for treatment of hallucinations and that he suffered from "dementia rooted in organic brain damage".[72]
In August 1996, JudgeEugene Nickerson of theUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of New York ruled that Gigante was mentally competent to stand trial; he pleaded not guilty and had been free for years on $1 million bail.[72] Gigante had a cardiac operation in December 1996.[72] On June 25, 1997, Gigante's trial started, which he attended in a wheelchair.[79]
On July 25, after almost three days of deliberations, the jury convicted Gigante of conspiring in plots to kill other mobsters and of running rackets as head of the Genovese family, but acquitted him of seven counts of murder.[80] Prosecutors stated that the verdict finally established that Gigante was not mentally ill as his lawyers and relatives had long maintained.[80] On December 18, 1997, Gigante was sentenced to twelve years in prison and fined $1.25 million by JudgeJack B. Weinstein, a lenient sentence due to Gigante's "age and frailty", who declared that Gigante had been "finally brought to bay in his declining years after decades of vicious criminal tyranny".[81]
While in prison, Gigante maintained his role as boss of the Genovese family, while other mobsters were entrusted to run its day-to-day activities. Longtime capo Matthew "Matty the Horse" Ianniello became acting boss of the family.[82] Gigante relayed orders to the family through his son, Andrew, who visited him in prison.[83][84][72]
On January 23, 2002, Gigante was indicted with several other mobsters, including Andrew, onobstruction of justice charges due to his causing a seven-year delay in his previous trial by feigning insanity.[85][86] Several days later, Andrew was released on $2.5 million bail.[87] On April 7, 2003, the day the trial began, ProsecutorRoslynn R. Mauskopf had planned to play tapes showing Gigante "fully coherent, careful, and intelligent", running criminal operations from prison, but when Gigante pled guilty to obstruction of justice,[88][89] JudgeI. Leo Glasser sentenced him to an additional three years in prison.[72][90] Mauskopf stated, "The jig is up ... Vincent Gigante was a cunning faker, and those of us in law enforcement always knew that this was an act ... The act ran for decades, but today it's over."[88] On July 25, 2003, Andrew Gigante was sentenced to two years in prison and fined $2.5 million for racketeering and extortion.[91]
On July 27, 2005, Matthew Ianniello was indicted on charges of racketeering related to extortion and loansharking.[92] On June 10, 2006, Ianniello was indicted once again for racketeering charges related to Genovese control ofwaste management businesses in SouthwesternConnecticut.[93]
After Gigante's death, the leadership of the Genovese family went tocapoDaniel "Danny the Lion" Leo, who was apparently running the day-to-day activities of the family by 2006.[94] That same year, Cirillo was reportedly promoted toconsigliere behind bars and Mangano was released from prison. By 2008, the family administration was believed to be whole again.[95]
In March of that year, Leo was sentenced to five years in prison for loansharking and extortion. Former actingconsigliereLawrence "Little Larry" Dentico was leading theNew Jersey faction of the family until convicted of racketeering in 2006; he was released from prison in 2009. In December 2008,Liborio Bellomo wasparoled after serving twelve years; what role he plays in the Genovese hierarchy is open to speculation, but he likely has had a major say in the running of the family since his tight parole restrictions expired. The family continued to maintain influence in New York, New Jersey, Atlantic City andFlorida and is recognized as the most powerful Mafia family in the U.S., a distinction brought about by their continued devotion to secrecy.[8]
On August 4, 2016, the United States Attorney of New York charged 46 Mafia leaders with racketeering conspiracy, arson, illegal trafficking in firearms, and conspiracy to commit assault throughout the East Coast of the United States, from Springfield, Massachusetts to Southern Florida.[96] The 46 defendants were leaders, members, and associates of the Genovese, Gambino, Luchese, Bonanno, and Philadelphia crime families.[96] The charges stemmed from evidence obtained during an FBI Special Agent’s time undercover infiltrating Genovese family capo Pasquale Parrello's Bronx crew, who were operating from Parrello's restaurant, Rigoletto.[96][97] Cooperating witnesses who worked for Parrello began working with Joseph Merlino, the boss of the Philadelphia crime family, and Eugene “Rooster” O'Nofrio, a Genovese family acting capo with crews operating in Little Italy in New York as well as Springfield, Massachusetts.[96][97] Other Genovese members charged were capo Conard Ianniello, who was using O'Nofrio as his acting capo to run his crews, soldier Ralph Balsamo, and associates Anthony Vazzano, Anthony Zinzi, Vincent Terracciano, Ronald Mastrovincenzo, Israel Torres and others.[96][97]
In 2016, Onofrio was accused of operating a large multimillion-dollar enterprise that ran bookmaking offices, scammed medical businesses, and smuggled cigarettes and guns. He was also alleged to have run a loansharking operation from Florida toMassachusetts.[98] Other members of his reputed crew pleaded guilty to extortion and other crimes.[99] Gerald Daniele, an associate, was sentenced to two years in prison in March 2018.[100] On April 10, 2018, Ralph Santaniello, suspected of being a Genoveseacting capo, was sentenced to five years in prison for extorting $20,000 from Craig Morel, the owner of one of the biggest towing and scrap-metal companies in Massachusetts, including threatening his life and assaulting him.[101][102][103] Morel managed to negotiate the extortion price from $100,000 to $20,000. Associate Giovanni "Johnny" Calabrese was sentenced to 3 years in prison.[104]
In October 2017, thirteen Genovese and Gambino associates andsoldiers were sentenced after being indicted following anNYPD operation in December 2016. Dubbed "Shark Bait", the investigation focused on a large-scale illegal gambling and loansharking ring. Prosecutors claimed 76-year-old Genovese soldier Salvatore DeMeo was in charge of the operation and had generated several million dollars from the enterprise. Soldier Alex Conigliaro was sentenced to four months in jail and four monthshouse arrest in late October 2017, with afine of $5,000, after admitting that he supervised and financed a $14,000-per-week illegal bookmaking andsports betting operation between 2011 and 2014.[105] Genovese associates Gennaro Geritano and Mario Leonardi were allegedly partners in selling untaxed cigarettes in New York, selling over 30,000 packs.[106]
According to the FBI, the Genovese family had not had an official boss since Gigante's death and the leadership was in a state of limbo for some time.[107] Law enforcement considers Leo to be the acting boss, Mangano the underboss, and Cirillo theconsigliere. The family is known for placing topcapos in leadership positions to help the administration run day-to-day activities. At present,capos Bellomo, Muscarella, Cirillo, and Dentico hold the greatest influence within the family and play major roles in its administration.[108] The Manhattan and Bronx factions, the traditional powers in the family, still exercise that control today. By 2016 however the FBI considersLiborio Bellomo to most likely be the official boss of the Genovese family.
On January 10, 2018, five members and associates, including Gigante's son Vincent Esposito, were arrested and charged with racketeering, conspiracy, and several counts of related offenses by the NYPD and FBI.[109] The charges include extortion, labor racketeering conspiracy,fraud andbribery. Genovese associate and Brooklyn-basedUnited Food and Commercial Workers officer Frank Cognetta was also charged.[110] Union official and associate Vincent D'Acunto Jr. was also involved and allegedly acted on behalf of Esposito to pass along threat messages and to also collect extortion money from the union, in particular from Vincent Fyfe, the president of a wine liquor and distillery union in Brooklyn. Fyfe was forced to pay $10,000 per year to keep his $300,000-a-year union job, which he obtained through the influence of the Genovese family. The labor union infiltration was alleged to have taken place for at least sixteen years. Esposito allegedly extorted several other union officials and an insurance agent. At his home during a warranted search, authorities recovered an unregistered handgun, $3.8 million in cash, brass knuckledusters, and a handwritten list of American Mafia members.[111]
Vincent Esposito was granted bail for almost $10 million in April 2018, and pled not guilty.[112] In April 2019, Esposito pled guilty to conspiring to commit racketeering offenses with members and associates of the Genovese family.[113] Vincent Esposito was sentenced to 24 months in prison and forfeiture of $3.8 million for racketeering conspiracy.[114]
On August 13, 2020, an indictment charged soldier Christopher Chierchio along withColombo family associate Frangesco "Frankie" Russo (the grandson of Colombo family boss Andrew Russo[115]), attorney Jason "Jay" Kurland and securities broker Frank Smookler with conspiracy, wire fraud and money laundering.[116] The indictment accused the "lottery attorney" Kurland along with Russo, Chierchio and Smookler with swindling $80 million from jackpot winners in an illegal scheme of siphoning money from the jackpot winners' investments.[116]
On April 26, 2022, an indictment was served charging capos Nicholas Calisi and Ralph Balsamo, soldiers Michael Messina and John Campanella, and associates Michael Poli and Thomas Poli, with racketeering conspiracy involving illegal gambling and extortion.[117][118] Balsamo was previously arrested on April 12, and Calisi was detained inBoca Raton, Florida, and presented before aU.S. magistrate judge in theSouthern District of Florida. According to the indictment, the defendants operated a criminal racketeering enterprise since at least 2011.[117][118][119] On February 9, 2023, it was announced that all six defendants in the case had pleaded guilty to the racketeering charges.[120][121]
On May 3, 2022, exactly a week after the Calisi and Balsamo indictments, another indictment was served that charged capo Anthony "Rom" Romanello, soldier Joseph Celso, and small-time actor and family associate Luan Bexheti with extortion and obstruction of justice.[122] Romanello, who authorities state controls the family's Queens crew, oversaw the extortion and intimidation of a Brooklyn restaurant owner, which was carried out by Celso and Bexheti[122]
On August 16, 2022, acting capo Carmelo "Carmine" Polito along with family soldier Joseph Macario, Genovese family associates Salvatore Rubino and Joseph Rutigliano, Bonnano family capo Anthony Pipitone, Bonanno soldier Vito Pipitone, Bonanno associate Agostino Gabriele and Nassau County Police Detective Hector Rosario were indicted and charged with racketeering, money laundering, illegal gambling, conspiracy and obstruction of justice.[123] The Genovese family and the Bonanno family jointly operated several illegal gambling operations while using front businesses in Queens and Long Island to launder illegal profits.[124] The indictment revealed that beginning in May 2012, the Genovese and Bonanno families jointly operated a lucrative illegal gambling operation in Lynbrook, New York called the Gran Caffe.[123] The Genovese family members Carmelo Polito, Joseph Macario and associates Salvatore Rutigliano and Joseph Rubino were charged with operating illegal gambling parlors at establishments called Sal's Shoe Repair, the Centro Calcio Italiano Club and running an illegal online gambling scheme.[123]
On November 30, 2022, Genovese family soldiers Elio Albanese and Carmine Russo were charged for their involvement in a scheme that involved obtaining oxycodone pills from a Midtown Manhattan doctor and having their associates sell the oxycodone on Staten Island.[125]
On January 18, 2023, Genovese family soldier Christopher "Jerry" Chierchio was indicted along with Gambino family capo Frank "Calypso" Camuso, Gambino soldier Louis Astuto, Gambino associate Robert "Rusty" Baselice and 19 other defendants including 26 companies for a kickback scheme allegedly operated by Baselice, the vice president of the Grimaldi Group, a firm which allegedly received $4.2 million from contractors.[126][127] In 2019, Chierchio along with Baselice stole over $300,000 from developer, the indictment states that Baselice allegedly used his position from April 2013 to July 2021, to steal from his firm's developer clients by providing inside information about competitors' bids to subcontractors, among other offenses.[126][127]
On June 6, 2023, five men with connections to the Genovese andLucchese crime families were indicted for carrying out two brazen midday Manhattan jewelry heists. The robberies, committed on January 3, 2023, and May 20, 2023, respectively, netted the quintet around $2M. Arrested was Frank DiPietro, a Genovese associate, as well as Vincent Cerchio, Michael Sellick, Samuel Sore, and Vincent Spagnuolo.[128]
The position of "front boss" was created by boss Philip Lombardo in efforts to divert law enforcement attention from himself. The family maintained this "front boss" deception for the next 20 years. Even after government witnessVincent Cafaro exposed this scam in 1988, the Genovese family still found this way of dividing authority useful. In 1992, the family revived the front boss post under the title of "street boss". This person served as day-to-day head of the family's operations under Gigante's remote direction.
Messaggero – The messaggero (messenger) functions as liaison between crime families. The messenger can reduce the need for sit-downs, or meetings, of the mob hierarchy, and thus limit the public exposure of the bosses.
1957–1969 — Michael "Mike" Genovese — the brother of Vito Genovese.[148][149]
1997–2002 — Andrew V. Gigante — the son of Vincent Gigante, indicted 2002
If the official boss dies, goes to prison, or is incapacitated, the family may assemble a ruling committee of capos to help the acting boss, street boss, underboss, and consigliere run the family, and to divert attention from law enforcement.
2001–2002 — (four-man committee) —Lawrence Dentico,Mario Gigante,John Barbato, and Ernie Muscarella — in 2001, Muscarella became Street Boss and in 2002, Muscarella was indicted.
Boss –Liborio "Barney" Bellomo – born January 8, 1957. He served in the116th Street Crew ofSaverio "Sammy Black" Santora and wasinitiated in 1977. His father was asoldier and close toAnthony "Fat Tony" Salerno. In 1990, Kenneth McCabe, then-organized crime investigator for the United States attorney's office in Manhattan, identified Bellomo as "acting boss" of the crime family following the indictment ofVincent Gigante in the "Windows Case".[155][156] In June 1996, Bellomo was indicted on charges ofextortion,labor racketeering and for ordering the deaths of Ralph DeSimone in 1991 and Anthony "Hickey" DiLorenzo in 1988; DeSimone was found shot five times in the trunk of his car atLaGuardia Airport and DiLorenzo was shot and killed in the backyard of his home.[157] Since around 2016, Bellomo was recognized, most likely, to be the official boss of the Genovese family. As of 2024, Bellomo's inner circle includes Underboss Ernie Muscarella, Street boss Danny Pagano, Consigliere Pasquale Parello, captain Pasquale Falcetti, acting underboss Micheal Ragusa, captain Ralph Balsamo and captain Anthony Palumbo.[138]
Acting boss –Daniel "Danny" Pagano – current acting boss of the family.[134] He served as Street boss of the family before.[138] Pagano was a capo operating from the Bronx,Westchester,Rockland and New Jersey. During the 1980s, Pagano was involved in the bootleg gasoline scheme with Russian mobsters.[158] On July 10, 2015, Pagano was sentenced to 27 months in prison on racketeering conspiracy charges.[159][160]
Street boss –Michael "Hippy" Zanfardino – new street boss of family for Danny Pagano.[139] Former acting capo of the116th Street Crew. Zanfardino has been a soldier in the Bronx faction, and reportedly very close to family Boss Liborio Bellomo. In 2004, Zanfardino pleaded guilty to counts of racketeering and extortion. Additionally, he pleaded guilty to the attempted murder of two gangland figures. In 1990, he shot gangster Armond Dragone, who survived the attempt. In 1995, he shotTanglewood Boys crew member Darin Mazzarella 14 times, but Mazzarella also survived his murder attempt. Zanfardino was released from prison on May 6, 2016.
Underboss –Ralph "The Undertaker" Balsamo – current underboss of the family.[144] Balsamo is a former capo with operations in the Bronx, Manhattan and Westchester. His nickname "The Undertaker" comes from him owning funeral homes in the Bronx. In 2007, Balsamo pled guilty to narcotics trafficking, firearms trafficking, extortion, and union-related fraud and was sentenced to 97 months in prison.[161][162] Balsamo was held in detention until trial.[163] Balsamo was arrested on April 12, 2022, on racketeering charges. According to an indictment unsealed on April 26, 2022, Balsamo and five other codefendants, including capo Nicholas Calisi, operated a criminal racketeering enterprise since at least 2011.[117][118][119][164] Balsamo pled guilty to racketeering on February 9, 2023.[120] Balsamo is a member of Bellomo's inner circle and is possible successor to an administration position.[138]
Consigliere –Pasquale "Patsy" Parrello – currentconsigliere of the family.[138] Parrello was born in 1945. He was a longtimecapo operating in the Bronx. Parrello owns a restaurant onArthur Avenue called Pasquale's Rigoletto Restaurant. In 2004, Parrello was found guilty of loansharking and embezzlement along with capo Rosario Gangi, and was sentenced to 88 months.[165] In August 2016, Parrello was indicted along with Genovese family capo Conrad Ianniello and Genovese family acting capo Eugene O'Norfio and Philadelphia family boss Joseph Merlino and forty two other mobsters on gambling and extortion charges.[166] In May 2017, he pled guilty to three counts of conspiracy to commit extortion and was sentenced to seven years in federal prison in September 2017. Prosecutors at his trial alleged that in June 2011 he ordered two of his soldiers to break the kneecaps of a man who annoyed female patrons at his restaurant.[167][168]
Nicholas "Nicky Slash" Calisi –capo of a Bronx crew, while operating in Florida.[164] On April 26, 2022, Calisi and five other codefendants, including capo Ralph Balsamo, soldiers Michael Messina and John Campanella, and associates Michael Poli and Thomas Poli were indicted for operating a criminal racketeering enterprise of illegal gambling and extortion since at least 2011.[117][118] Calisi was detained inBoca Raton, Florida.[119] Calisi pled guilty to racketeering on February 8, 2023.[120] On June 27, 2023, Calisi was sentenced to serve 24 months in prison. On December 2, 2024, the 66 year old Calisi was released from prison.[169]
Pasquale "Uncle Patty" Falcetti –capo of the116th Street Crew with operations in the Bronx and Manhattan. In September 2014, Falcetti was sentenced to 30 months in prison for loansharking.[170][171] During Falcetti's trial former Genovese family associate Anthony Zoccolillo testified against Falcetti and claimed that Falcetti gave him a $34,000 loan for a marijuana trafficking operation.[170] Falcetti is a member of Bellomo's inner circle and is possible successor to the consigliere position.[138] On January 13, 2017, Falcetti was released from prison.
Salvatore "Sally KO" Larca Jr. –capo of a crew operating from the Bronx, East Harlem and Manhattan.[139] During the early 2000's, Larca was a member of Ernest Muscarella's East Harlem-Bronx crew. In 2006, Larca was indicted along with Genovese family acting boss Liborio Bellomo, Capo John Ardito, soldier Ralph Balsamo and 26 other members of the Genovese family on racketeering charges.[172]
Manhattan faction
John "Johnny Hollywood" Brescio –capo operating in Manhattan. Brescio owns "Lombardi's", a Manhattan-based pizzeria, which he runs with his step-son, Michael Giammarino. Brescio and Giammarino were denied a request to open a Lombardi's location inside ofParx Casino inBensalem Township in Pennsylvania.[173] In 2017, Brescio was identified a capo in the Genovese family during the investigation of Angelo Ruggiero's ALJ waterfront application.[174]
Thomas "Figgy" Ficarotta –capo operating from Manhattan and Brooklyn. In 1983, Ficarotta was indicted for operating a national burglary ring, the indictment stated that Ficarotta was a made member of the Genovese family and paid tribute to Genovese member Thomas Greco.[175] In 1985, Ficarotta served five years in prison for extortion.[176] In 1986, Ficarotta was convicted of RICO offense involving Local 814.[177] In 1995, his son Tom Ficarotta was identified along with other in the Javits Center carpenters racketeering investigation of Anthony Fiorino.[178]
Conrad Ianniello –capo operating in Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, Staten Island, Connecticut, Long Island, New Jersey, Springfield and Florida. On April 18, 2012, Ianniello was indicted along with members of his crew and was charged with illegal gambling and conspiracy.[179][180] The conspiracy charge dates back to 2008, when Ianniello along with Robert Scalza and Ryan Ellis tried to extort vendors at the annualFeast of San Gennaro in Little Italy.[179] Conrad Ianniello is related to Robert Ianniello Jr., who is the nephew toMatthew Ianniello and the owner of Umberto's Clam House.[181] In August 2016 Ianniello was indicted along with Genovese family capo Pasquale Parrello and Genovese family acting capo Eugene O'Norfio and Philadelphia family boss Joseph Merlino and forty two other mobsters on gambling and extortion charges. On October 2, 2017, Iannieloo was released from prison.
Brooklyn faction
Rocco "Rocky" DiPietro –capo operating from Brooklyn.[182] His brother Frank DiPietro is Genovese family soldier. DiPietro's father was Genovese family capo Carlo "Collie" DiPietro who was murdered in 1981, by Genovese soldierJoseph Galizia.[183] In August 1983, DiPietro during an argument shot and killed Billy Jenks at the Red Barn Tavern in Brooklyn.[184][185]
Barry Joseph "Nickels" Nichilo – also known as "Bartolomeo Nichola", is acapo operating from Brooklyn. Nichilo began his criminal career as an associate to Genovese family capo Salvatore "Sally Dogs" Lombardi.[186] In July 1992, Nichilo was indicted along withDeCavalcante crime family soldier Virgil Alessi, bossJohn Riggi and underbossJohn D'Amato for plotting to murder the DeCavalcante family's acting bossGaetano "Corky" Vastola.[187][188]
Queens faction
Anthony "Rom" Romanello –capo of the Queens-based "Federici crew", which operates from Corona Avenue in Corona, Queens.[189] In January 2012, he pleaded guilty to illegal gambling after the cooperating witness died from a heart attack before testifying in the case.[189] On May 3, 2022, Romanello was indicted with soldier Joseph Celso and family associate Luan Bexheti were charged with extorting the owner of a Brooklyn Italian restaurant.[122] Romanello pleaded not guilty and was released on bail. Romanello was released from prison on April 25, 2025.
Staten Island faction
James "Jimmy T" Tenaglia -capo overseeing operations in Staten Island.[190] Tenaglia served time in prison in 1978 for racketeering, loan sharking, and fencing stolen goods. His captain and sponsor, Anthony Palumbo and Genovese heavyweight Danny Pagano were having disagreements over a defense strategy in court involving a racketeering case naming both Pagano and Palumbo at the time, resulting in the denial of Tenaglia's induction and other members of Palumbo's crew. With the help of then consigliere Dominick Cirillo, issues were resolved, and Tenaglia was inducted soon after. Now reported to be close with Pagano, the current acting boss and acts as his top lieutenant or right-hand man.[191]
Westchester County faction
Salvatore Gigante –capo of the "Westchester-Gigante crew", and the son of formercapoMario "The Shadow" Gigante.[192] In June 1996, Gigante was indicted along with his father Mario and five others on charges of using violence to keep control of the garbage collection businesses in Westchester, Orange, Rockland, Ulster and Dutchess Counties in New York, southwestern Connecticut and Mahwah and Edison in New Jersey.[193] On July 2, 1999, Gigante was released from prison.
Stephen Depiro –capo of the "Fiumara crew" controlling illegal operations from the New JerseyNewark/Elizabeth Seaport.[194] In 2005, Depiro began leading the crew with Tino Fiumara controlling illegal operations in the New Jersey piers and docks.[195] During 2010, Depiro was overseeing the illegal operations in the New JerseyNewark/Elizabeth Seaport[195] before Fiumara's death. In 2017, Depiro was identified a soldier in the Genovese family during the investigation of Mark Caruso, Jr.'s ALJ waterfront application.[174]
Silvio P. DeVita[196] –capo controlling the Newark area for the Genovese family.[197] DeVita is Sicilian born mobster operating in Essex County. In 1951, DeVita was convicted of first-degree murder during and robbery, he received a death sentence, until his conviction was reversed on appeal.[194] At DeVita's new trail in 1958, he was found guilty and sentenced to life in prison but released on parole during the 1970s.[194] Members of DeVita's crew include soldiers Salvatore Cetrulo and Joseph Cetrulo who have many family relatives working in the New Jersey docks.[194]
Anthony "Tony D." Palumbo –capo in the New Jersey faction.[198] Palumbo previously served asacting boss of the New Jersey faction, a position given to him by close ally and thenacting bossDaniel Leo. In 2009, Palumbo was arrested and charged with racketeering and murder along Daniel Leo and others.[198][199] In August 2010, Palumbo pled guilty to conspiracy murder charges. He was sentenced to 10 years in prison and was released on November 22, 2019.[200] Palumbo is a member of Bellomo's inner circle and is a powerful capo with operation in New Jersey and Staten Island with significant influence on the waterfront.[138]
Elio "Chinatown" Albanese – soldier. In November 2022, he was charged along with soldier Carmine Russo for their involvement in a scheme that involved obtainingoxycodone pills from a Midtown Manhattan doctor and having their associates sell the oxycodone on Staten Island.[125]
Vito Alberti – soldier. On October 21, 2014, he was indicted along with captain Charles "Chucky" Tuzzo in New Jersey on charges of loansharking, gambling and money laundering charges.[201]
Anthony "Tico" Antico – formercapo who was involved in labor and construction racketeering in Brooklyn and Manhattan. In 2005, Antico along with capos John Barbato andLawrence Dentico were convicted of extortion charges. In 2007, he was released from prison.[202] On March 6, 2010, Antico was charged with racketeering in connection with the 2008, robbery and murder ofStaten Island jeweler Louis Antonelli.[203]
Liborio T. "Benny" Bellomo – reputed made member and first cousin of family boss, Liborio "Barney" Bellomo.[204]
John Campanella – soldier. On April 26, 2022, Campanella and five other codefendants, including capos Ralph Balsamo and Nicholas Calisi, soldier Michael Messina, and associates Michael Poli and Thomas Poli were indicted for operating a criminal racketeering enterprise of illegal gambling and extortion since at least 2011.[117] Campanella pled guilty to racketeering on February 8, 2023.[120]
Joseph Celso – soldier. On May 3, 2022, Celso was indicted with capo Anthony Romanello and associate Luan Bexheti and charged with extorting the owner of a Brooklyn Italian restaurant, and was formerly acquitted of murdering a 19-year-old man in 1993.[122]
Christopher "Jerry" Chierchio – On January 18, 2023, Chierchio was indicted along with Gambino family members capo Frank "Calypso" Camuso, soldier Louis Astuto and associate Robert "Rusty" Baselice along with 19 other defendants for a kickback scheme allegedly operated by Baselice.[126][127] The indictment claimed that in 2019, Chierchio who used his position as an executive of RCI PLBG Inc, a plumbing and sprinkler subcontractor based in Staten Island to work along with Baselice to steel over $300,000 from other developers.[126][127]
Carmine "Little Carm" Dellacava – soldier. In the late 2000s, Dellacava was involved in a lawsuit involving his company, Cava Construction, in which workers fought for fair wages.[205]
Joseph "Joe D" Denti Jr. – (sometimes spelled Dente) a formercapo operating in the Bronx and New Jersey. On December 5, 2001, Denti Jr. along with capo Rosario Gangi, capo Pasquale Parrello and 70 other associates were indicted in Manhattan on racketeering charges.[206] The charges were brought against Denti Jr. and the others after it had been revealed that an undercover NYPD detective had infiltrated Parrello's Arthur Avenue crew.[207] On March 16, 2016, Denti Jr. along with Joseph Giardina, Ralph Perricelli Jr., and Heidi Francavilla were indicted and charged with defrauding investors in medical ventures out of $350,000.[208]
Carmelo "Carmine Pizza" Polito – former actingcapo of the "Brescio crew" operating in Manhattan and Queens. In June 2005, Polito along with Mario Fortunato were arrested for the murder of Genovese mafia associate Sabatino Lombardi in November 1994, during a card game.[209] On August 16, 2022, Polito was indicted along with Genovese family soldier Joseph Macario, Genovese family associates Salvatore Rubino and Joseph Rutigliano,Bonnano family capo Anthony "Little Anthony" Pipitone, Bonanno family soldier Vito Pipitone, Bonanno family associate Agostino Gabriele and Nassau County Police Detective Hector Rosario.[124][123] The indictment charged the group with racketeering, money laundering, illegal gambling, conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and other charges.[123] Federal authorities allege the group used front businesses in Queens and Long Island to launder illegal profits.[124] In a wiretapped conversation from October 2019, Polito was caught telling an underling that he was going to "put [a debtor] under the f--king bridge." Polito was released on $1.1 million bond.[123] In March 2024, prosecutors claim that Polito violated his bail conditions meeting with associate Joseph "Joe Box" Rutigliano at a Whitestone, Queens "members only" social club on February 6, 2024, and communicating with numerous other Genovese mobsters on the phone including capo Anthony "Rom" Romanello and boss Liborio "Barney" Bellomo.[210]
Lawrence "Little Larry" Dentico – formercapo operating in South Jersey andPhiladelphia. Dentico wasconsigliere in the late 1990s through the 2000s, when he was imprisoned on extortion, loansharking and racketeering charges.[211]
Louis DiNapoli – soldier with his brother Vincent DiNapoli's 116th Street crew.
Albert "Kid Blast" Gallo – formercapo operating in Brooklyn neighborhoods ofCarroll Gardens, Red Hook, and Cobble Hill and parts of Staten Island. In the mid-1970s, Gallo andFrank Illiano transferred from the Gallo crew of theColombo crime family to the Genovese family. Gallo's co-capo Illiano died of natural causes in 2014.
Rosario "Ross" Gangi – formercapo operating in Manhattan, Brooklyn, and New Jersey. Gangi was involved in extortion activities at Fulton Fish Market.[212]
John "Little John"Giglio (born April 11, 1958) – also known as "Johnny Bull" is a soldier involved in loansharking.[213]
Daniel "Danny the Lion" Leo – a former acting boss and member of thePurple Gang of East Harlem in the 1970s. In the late 1990s, Leo joined Vincent Gigante's circle of trusted capos. With Gigante's death in 2005, Leo becameacting boss. In 2008, Leo was sentenced to five years in prison on loansharking and extortion charges. In March 2010, Leo received an additional 18 months in prison on racketeering charges and was fined $1.3 million. He was released on January 25, 2013.[214][215]
Alan "Baldie" Longo - formercapo of a Brooklyn crew who formerly served under"Allie Shades" Malangone and ran rackets out of a social club that he owned in Brooklyn. Longo was involved instock fraud andwhite-collar crimes in Manhattan and Brooklyn. On April 25, 2001, Longo was indicted on racketeering charges, along withColombo acting boss Alphonse Persico, based on the work of undercover informant Michael D'Urso. Longo was convicted and sentenced to 11 years.[216] He was released on November 24, 2010.[217]
Joseph "Joe Fish" Macario – soldier. Macario was indicted on August 16, 2002, along with several members of the Genovese and Bonnano families, including Genovese acting capo Carmelo Polito and Bonanno capo Anthony Pipitone.[123][124]
Alphonse "Allie Shades" Malangone – formercapo operating in Manhattan and Brooklyn. Malangone during the 1990s, controlled gambling, loansharking, waterfront rackets and extorting theFulton Fish Market. He also controlled several private sanitation companies in Brooklyn throughKings County Trade Waste Association andGreater New York Waste Paper Association. Malagone was arrested in 2000 along with several Genovese and Gambino family members for their activities in the private waste industry.[218][219]
James "Jimmy from 8th Street" Messera – formercapo of the "Little Italy Crew" operating in Manhattan and Brooklyn. In the 1990s, Messera was involved in extorting the Mason Tenders union and was imprisoned on racketeering charges.[220][221]
Michael Messina – family soldier, on April 26, 2022, Messina and five other codefendants, including capos Ralph Balsamo and Nicholas Calisi, soldier John Campanella, and associates Michael Poli and Thomas Poli were indicted for operating a criminal racketeering enterprise of illegal gambling and extortion since at least 2011.[117] Messina pled guilty to racketeering on February 9, 2023.[120]
Ernest "Ernie" Muscarella – former underboss of the family before retiring in 2025.[144] Served as the underboss for many years.[138] Muscarella is a former acting boss and former capo of the 116th Street crew. In January 2002, Muscarella serving as acting boss of the family was indicted, along with capo Charles Tuzzo, members Liborio Bellomo, Thomas Cafaro, Pasquale Falcetti, Michael Ragusa and associate Andrew Gigante, for the infiltration of the International Longshoreman's Association.[222]
Joseph Olivieri – soldier, operating in the "116th Street Crew" undercapo Louis Moscatiello. Olivieri has been involved in extorting carpenters unions and is tied to labor racketeer Vincent DiNapoli.[223] He was convicted of perjury.[224]
Eugene "Rooster" Onofrio – a mobster from East Haven, Connecticut. O'Nofrio served as actingcapo of the "Mulberry Street crew" in Manhattan's Little Italy and acting capo of the "Springfield, Massachusetts, crew".[166] In 2016 Onofrio was indicted along with Genovese family capo's Pasquale Parrello and Conrad Ianniello and Philadelphia family boss Joseph Merlino and Springfield gangsters Ralph Santaniello and Francesco Depergola and 40 other mobsters on gambling and extortion charges.[166]
Michael "Mickey" Ragusa – former acting underboss, reports directly to acting boss Danny Pagano.[144] born June 22, 1965. Ragusa is a former soldier in Bellomo's Harlem/Bronx crew. In January 2002, Ragusa was indicted, along with acting boss Ernest Muscarella, capo Charles Tuzzo, members Liborio Bellomo, Thomas Cafaro, Pasquale Falcetti and associate Andrew Gigante, for the infiltration of the International Longshoreman's Association.[222][225] Ragusa is a member of Bellomo's inner circle and is possible successor to the underboss position.[138]
Carmine "Baby Carmine" Russo - soldier. Russo was charged in November 2022, along with soldier Elio Albanese for their involvement in a scheme that involved obtaining oxycodone pills from a Midtown Manhattan doctor and having their associates sell the oxycodone on Staten Island.[125]
Charles Salzano – soldier/ Salzano was released from prison in 2009 after serving 37 months on loansharking charges.[162]
New Jersey
(Imprisoned)Michael "Mikey Cigars" Coppola – formercapo of the "Fiumara-Coppola crew",[226] although he is currently imprisoned, Coppola is still seen by law enforcement and experts as a leading captain in the New Jersey faction. He is currently serving his time at theUnited States Penitentiary, Atlanta for two counts of racketeering and his projected release date is March 4, 2024.[227]
Frank DiPietro – soldier. Born in July 1957. In June 2023, DiPietro and associates of the Lucchese and Gambino families, Michael Sellick, Vincent Spagnuolo, Vincent Cerchio, and Samuel Sore, were arrested for stealing $2 million worth of jewellery, targeting Manhattan jewellery stores, between January and May 2023.[228] He was charged with conspiracy, robbery and brandishing a firearm. DiPietro along with, Cerchio, Spagnuolo and Sellick had allegedly stolen at least three diamond pieces, including a 73-carat necklace, a six-carat ring and a 17-carat pair of earrings.[229] DiPietro has had 12 prior arrests, including racketeering, and in September 1998, he was indicted for participating in the murder of George “Booty” Van Name in November 1990, along with Lucchese family soldier Anthony “Tony Bones” Loffredo, DiPietro was sentenced to 19 years in prison, and he was released in August 2016.[230][231][232] DiPietro has a release date of August 24, 2031.
Emilio Fusco – soldier.[233] Born in October 1968. Law enforcement allege Fusco was initiated into the Genovese family during the 1990s. Fusco was accused of extorting a business owner from the early 2000s to 2008 and received around $12,000 per month. In 2006, he was released from prison after serving almost 3 years, for racketeering, extortion and money laundering.[234] In May 2012, Fusco was convicted of extorting several restaurants and strip clubs within theSpringfield, Massachusetts area, and one count of interstate travel in aid of racketeering. In October 2012, Fusco was sentenced to 25 years imprisonment for racketeering, marijuana distribution conspiracy and extortion.[235][236][237] At sentencing Fusco was accused of participating in the November 2003 murders of Adolfo Bruno and Gary Westerman.[238]
James "The Little Guy" Ida – born in July 1940. According to government and law enforcement agencies, it is believed Ida was initiated into the Genovese family during the 1970s, as a soldier he allegedly reported to then-capoMatthew Ianniello, and allegedly took over the crew in 1988 following Ianniello's conviction of racketeering.[239] Prosecutors alleged Ida helped oversee the collection of rent from vendors during the Mulberry Street fair earning around $4,000 per booth.[240] Ida was accused of participating in 3 murders during 1988, 1991 and 1995.[241][242] Around 1994 and 1995, Ida was involved in the extortion ofLa Toya Jackson, the sister ofMichael Jackson; it is believed her husband paid Ida approximately $1,000 per month for the protection of the Genovese family, in particular for the use of Genovese family soldier John Schenone as a bodyguard. In June 1996, Ida was indicted for racketeering, he was offered a plea deal and sentence of 15-year imprisonment but refused. In October 1997, Ida was sentenced to life imprisonment and a $1 million forfeiture.[243]
Joseph "Joe Fish" Macario – soldier. Born in August 1954. In April 2024, Macario pleaded guilty to racketeering and was accused of operating several illegal gambling parlours with Genovese family soldier, Carmelo “Carmine” Polito, who was sentenced to over 2 years in prison in December 2024, and since at least May 2012, he was the head of a lucrative illegal gambling operation inLynbrook, New York in association with the Bonanno family, with capo Anthony "Little Anthony" Pipitone on behalf of the Bonanno family.[244][245]
Frank "Frankie Ariana" DiMattina – an associate convicted January 6, 2014, on extortion and a firearms charge and sentenced to 6 years in prison.[246]
Michael Poli – family associate, on April 26, 2022, Poli and five other codefendants, including capos Ralph Balsamo and Nicholas Calisi, soldiers Michael Messina and John Campanella, and associate Thomas Poli were indicted for operating a criminal racketeering enterprise of illegal gambling and extortion since at least 2011.[117] Poli pled guilty to racketeering on February 8, 2023.[120]
Thomas Poli – family associate, on April 26, 2022, Poli and five other codefendants, including capos Ralph Balsamo and Nicholas Calisi, soldiers Michael Messina and John Campanella, and associate Michael Poli were indicted for operating a criminal racketeering enterprise of illegal gambling and extortion since at least 2011.[117] Poli pled guilty to racketeering on September 29, 2022.[120]
Salvatore "Sammy Meatballs" Aparo – a former acting capo. His son Vincent is also a made member of the Genovese family.[248] In 2000, Aparo, his son Vincent, and Genovese associate Michael D'Urso met with Abraham Weider, the owner of an apartment complex inFlatbush, Brooklyn.[249] Weider wanted to get rid of the custodians union (SEIU Local 32B-J) and was willing to pay Aparo $600,000, but Aparo's associate D'Urso was an FBI informant and had recorded the meeting.[250] In October 2002, Aparo was sentenced to five years in federal prison for racketeering.[251]
John "Johnny Sausage" Barbato – former capo and former driver ofVenero Mangano, he was involved in labor and constructionracketeering with capos from theBrooklyn faction. Barbato was imprisoned in 2005 on racketeering and extortion charges, and released in 2008.[252][253] Barbato died May 11, 2025.[254][255]
Michael A. "Tona" Borelli – was a New Jersey mobster and former acting co-capo ofTino Fiumara's crew, along withLawrence Ricci. Borelli controlled construction and illegal gambling rackets in NJ, and formerly oversaw the family's activities in the Teamsters.[256] On March 21, 2020, Borelli died.[257]
Ludwig "Ninni" Bruschi – former capo operating in South Jersey Counties of Ocean, Monmouth, Middlesex, and North Jersey Counties of Hudson, Essex, Passaic and Union. Bruschi was indicted in June 2003 and paroled in April 2010.[258] On April 19, 2020, Bruschi died.[259]
Dominick "Quiet Dom" Cirillo – former capo and former trusted aide to boss Vincent Gigante. Cirillo belonged to theWest Side Crew and was known as one of theFour Doms; caposDominick "Baldy Dom" Canterino, Dominick "The Sailor" DiQuarto and Dominick "Fat Dom" Alongi. Cirillo served as acting boss from 1997 to 1998, but resigned due to heart problems. In 2003, Cirillo became acting boss, resigned in 2006 due to his imprisonment on loansharking charges. In August 2008, Cirillo was released from prison, upon which he served as family consigliere. Cirillo died on January 14, 2024.
Vincent "Vinny" DiNapoli – soldier and former capo with the 116th Street Crew. DiNapoli was heavily involved in labor racketeering and had reportedly earned millions of dollars from extortion, bid rigging and loansharking rackets. DiNapoli dominated theN.Y.C. District Council of Carpenters and used them to extort other contractors in New York. DiNapoli's brother,Joseph DiNapoli, is the formerconsigliere of theLucchese crime family.[260][261]
Dominick "Dom The Sailor" DiQuarto – former member of Vincent Gigante's Greenwich Village Crew.[247]
Giuseppe Fanaro – was a member of the Morello family, who was involved in theBarrel murder of 1903.[262] In November 1913, Fanaro was murdered by members of the Lomonte andAlfred Mineo's gangs.[263]
Anthony "Tough Tony" Federici – was a former capo of the Queens crew. Federici was the owner of a restaurant in Corona, Queens. In 2004, Federici was honored by Queens Borough PresidentHelen Marshall for his community service.[264] While an active capo, Federici installed Anthony Romanello asacting capo to help control the illicit mob activities.[189] Federici the family's consigliere died on November 9, 2022.[146]
Federico "Fritzy" Giovanelli – soldier who was heavily involved in loansharking, illegal gambling and bookmaking in the Queens/Brooklyn area. Giovanelli was charged with the January 1986 killing of Anthony Venditti, an undercover NYPD detective, but was acquitted. One known soldier in Giovanelli's crew was Frank "Frankie California" Condo. In 2001, Giovanelli worked with soldierErnest "Junior" Varacalli in a car theft ring. On January 19, 2018, Giovanelli died at the age of 84.[265][better source needed]
Joseph N. "Pepe" LaScala – formerNew Jersey capo operating from Hudson County waterfronts cities of Bayonne and Jersey City. LaScala had beenAngelo Prisco'sacting capo before he took over the crew.[143] In May 2012, LaScala and other members of his crew were arrested and charged with illegal gambling in Bayonne.[266][267] LaScala died on February 3, 2019, at the age of 87.[268]
Rosario "Saro" Mogavero – A hitman by the age of 15,[269] Mogavero was a powerful capo and close ally of Vito Genovese.[270] He was the vice president of the International Longshoreman's Association until his arrest for extortion and drug dealing in 1953.[271][272] Mogavero controlled gambling, loan sharking and drug smuggling along the Lower East Side of Manhattan waterfront in the 1950s and 1960s along with Tommy "Ryan" Eboli, Michael Clemente and Carmine "The Snake" Persico.[273]
Arthur "Artie" Nigro – former member who served as the family'sStreet Boss from 2002 to 2006, Nigro was sentenced to life in prison in 2011 for ordering the 2003 murder of Adolfo Bruno. Nigro died on April 24, 2019, at the age of 74[274]
Ciro Perrone – a former capo. In 1998, Perrone was promoted to captain taking over Matthew Ianniello's old crew. In July 2005, Perrone along with Ianniello and other members of his crew were indicted on extortion, loansharking, labor racketeering and illegal gambling.[275] Perrone ran his crew from a social club and Don Peppe's restaurant in Ozone Park, Queens.[276] In 2009, Perrone lost his retrial and was sentenced to five years for racketeering and loan sharking.[277]
John "Zackie" Savino – born in 1898 in Bari, Southern Italy. He immigrated to the United States in 1912 and settled into Upper Manhattan, Harlem. He later moved to the Bronx area. Savino reportedly served under Genovese capo Jimmy Angelina. He died in the late 1970s or 1980s.
Frank "Farby" Serpico – born in 1916 inCorona, Queens. Serpico was a member of the116th Street Crew of the Genovese family. He was promoted to acting boss or street boss by Vincent Gigante from 1998 to 2001 He died in 2002.
Charles "Chuckie" Tuzzo – capo operating in New Jersey, Brooklyn and Manhattan. In 2002, Tuzzo was indicted with Liborio Bellomo, Ernest Muscarella and others for infiltrating the International Longshoremen's Association (ILA) local in order to extort waterfront companies operating from New York, New Jersey, and Florida.[278][279] On October 21, 2014, Tuzzo along with soldier Vito Alberti were indicted in New Jersey on loansharking, gambling and money laundering charges.[201]
Eugene "Charles" Ubriaco – was a member of the Morello family, who lived on East 114th Street.[14] Ubriaco was arrested in June 1915 for carrying a revolver and was released on bail. On September 7, 1916, Ubriaco along withNicholas Morello meet with the Navy Street gang in Brooklyn and they both were shot to death on Johnson Street in Brooklyn.[14][280]
Joseph Zito – soldier in the Manhattan faction (the West Side Crew) under capoRosario Gangi. Zito was involved in bookmaking and loansharking business.[281] Law enforcement labeled Zito as acting underboss from 1997 through 2003, but he was probably just a top lieutenant under official underbossVenero Mangano. In the mid-1990s, Zito frequently visited Mangano in prison after his conviction in the Windows Case. Zito relayed messages from Mangano to the rest of the family leadership. On April 7, 2020, Joseph Zito died at the age of 83.[282]
Joseph "Joe Cargo" Valachi – he exposed the inner workings of the American Mafia in 1963. Valachi was active since theCastellammarese War during the early 1930s, as an associate of theLucchese crime family; however; after the murder ofSalvatore Maranzano in 1931, he joined the Genovese family. Valachi was a soldier in the crew ofAnthony Strollo. In 1959, Valachi was sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment for narcotics involvement. He feared that crime family boss and namesake,Vito Genovese, ordered a murder-contract on him in 1962. Valachi and Genovese were both serving prison sentences for heroin trafficking. On June 22, 1962, he murdered another prisoner in the yard, whom he mistook for Joseph DiPalermo, a Mafia member he believed was tasked to kill him. Facing the death penalty, Valachi testified before the United States Senate Committee in 1963. He died in 1971 of a heart attack while imprisoned atFCI La Tuna.
Vincent "Fish" Cafaro – formercapo and close associate of Tony Salerno. Cafaro was a heroin dealer before joining the Genovese family. He was a protegee of Genovese high-ranking memberAnthony Salerno.[283] Cafaro was inducted into the Genovese crime family in 1974. He was assigned to Salerno's crew and operated out of East Harlem. For over a decade, Cafaro had influence within theN.Y.C. District Council of Carpenters. Along with Genovese andGambino members, he receivedkickback payments. After fellow conspirator and GenovesecapoVincent DiNapoli was sentenced to prison, Cafaro became even more powerful and wealthy; however, he was eventually forced to give DiNapoli some custom within the Carpenter Council. After his 1986 indictment, he wore a wire for five months for the FBI.[284] In 1990, he testified against Gambino bossJohn Gotti, who ordered the shooting of a Carpenter Council official in 1986.[285]
George Barone – He was allegedly a founding member of the real-lifeJets street gang. In February 1954 while working as a longshoreman recruiter, Barone and a few friends caught and cornered William Torres, who was dissatisfied that he was not hired. Barone repeatedly hit Torres with a metal bar. Police charged him with felonious assault; however, it was later dropped to disorderly conduct. At a meeting with theGambino crime family in the late 1960s, it was agreed upon that the Gambino family would own the Brooklyn and Staten Island waterfronts, and the Genovese family would control the Manhattan andNew Jersey waterfronts.[286] By the early 1970s, Barone was the official Genovese representative for the Genovese-owned waterfronts and was asoldier for the family.[287] By the late 1970s, he controlled the Florida waterfront. In 1979, he was sentenced to 15 years in prison for racketeering; however, he only served seven years behind bars. Shortly after his 2001 indictment for extortion and racketeering, Barone decided to cooperate in April 2001 after being "put on the shelf" by the Genovese hierarchy. He testified against Gambino captainAnthony Ciccone in 2003. He had participated in nearly 20 murders. In 2009, he testified against GenovesecapoMikey Coppola.[288][289] Barone died in December 2010 at the age of 86.
Louis Moscatiello Sr. – former acting capo and soldier active inthe Bronx.[290][291] He was in charge of the Genovese infiltration of the drywall and construction industry. In 1991, he was convicted of bribing a labor official. He took a plea deal in 2004 and cooperated with the government. He was set to testify against Joseph Olivieri, a Genovese family soldier;[292] however, he died in February 2009.
John "JB" Bologna – former associate.[293] He began cooperating in 1996 as atipster for the FBI. He was primarily active in theSpringfield, Massachusetts, area and served as an associate to Genovese capoAdolfo Bruno. Bologna was sentenced to eight years in prison; some of his charges included murder conspiracy, illegal gambling, extortion and racketeering. He died in prison on January 17, 2017.
Michael "Cookie" D’Urso – former associate involved in loansharking, fraud, loansharking and murder. He wore a Rolex with a recording wire from 1998 to 2001 after he was arrested for driving the getaway car and supplying the gun in the 1996 murder of John Borelli. By 2007, his testimony has led to over 70 convictions. In March 2007, he was sentenced to 5 years probation and a $200 fine for the murder. D’Urso reportedly informed on the Genovese family after he was shot in the head over a gambling debt and his cousin Tino Lombardi was shot dead.
Renaldi Ruggiero – former captain who headed the South Florida crew.[294] It is noted that in 2003, he gave the approval to extort $1.5 million from a South Florida businessman, who was held for ransom in the office of Genovese associate, Francis J. O'Donnell, and a gun was held to his head, in October 2003. The South Florida businessman was beaten up and had all of his fingers broken; one of his hands were severely damaged and he was then threatened to pay the money by the following week, implying that he would be murdered if he failed to follow through. It was also noted that Ruggiero was active in loan sharking, and was charging 40 of his customers between 52 and 156 percent interest. He was arrested in 2006 alongside six other Genovese members and associates, includingAlbert Facchiano who was aged 96 at the time, for several crimes, including extortion, armed robbery and money laundering. He faced 120 years in prison, if convicted. Ruggiero cooperated with the government in February 2007 and broke hisomerta by admitting his involvement with the American Mafia and that he served as a capo for the Genovese family, as part of his plea deal.[295][296] In February 2012, he was sentenced to 14 years' imprisonment; however, prosecutors recommended that Ruggiero should serve half of the sentence because of his cooperation, which the judge accepted.
Felix Tranghese – former capo and soldier. Tranghese was proposed for membership into the Genovese family in 1982 byAdolfo Bruno. He cooperated with the government in 2010, as a result of being"shelved" in the year of 2006.[297] He admitted to receiving the message of the murder contract onWestern Massachusetts capoAdolfo Bruno from high-ranking members of the Genovese family in New York, and to delivering the message to Bruno's crew. He also admitted to carrying out extortion and several shootings on behalf of former Genovese street boss, Arthur Nigro. In 2011 and 2012, he returned to New York to testify in 2 separate murder trials, alongside Anthony Arillotta.
Anthony "Bingy" Arillotta – former soldier who became a government witness in 2010, alongside Felix Tranghese, a fellow Genovese-Springfield crew member. He admitted to his involvement in the 2003 murders of capo Adolfo Bruno and Gary Westerman, his brother-in-law. He also pleaded guilty to the attempted murder of a New York union boss, which also occurred in 2003. Like Tranghese, he was sentenced to 4 years' imprisonment and both had relocated to Springfield after their release.
Anthony Zoccolillo – former associate of the Genovese andBonanno families, Zoccolillo was arrested in 2013 and charged with running an illegal gambling scheme and distributing marijuana and oxycodone.[298]
Anthony "Tony Lodi" Cardinalle – former associate. In 2013, he was one out of 32 mob members and associates in a crackdown over commercial waste hauling in New York and New Jersey. Cardinalle pleaded guilty in December to the two counts in which he was charged with racketeering conspiracy and conspiracy to commit extortion, admitting his role in a plot to shake down a cooperating witness who owned a waste hauling company.[299]
The Genovese family operates primarily in the New York City area; their main rackets are illegal gambling and labor racketeering.
New York City – The Genovese family operates in all five boroughs of New York as well as in Suffolk, Westchester, Rockland, and Orange Counties in the New York suburbs. The family controls many businesses in the construction, trucking and waste hauling industries. It also operates numerous illegal gambling, loansharking, extortion, and insurance rackets. Small Genovese crews or individuals have operated inAlbany, Delaware County, andUtica. TheBuffalo,Rochester and Utica crime families or factions traditionally controlled these areas. The family also controls gambling inSaratoga Springs.[300]
Massachusetts –Springfield, Massachusetts has been a Genovese territory since the family's earliest days. The most influential Genovese leaders from Springfield were Salvatore "Big Nose Sam" Curfari, Francesco "Frankie Skyball" Scibelli,Adolfo "Big Al" Bruno, and Anthony Arillotta (turned informant 2009).[303] InWorcester, Massachusetts, the most influential capos were Frank Iaconi andCarlo Mastrototaro. InBoston, Massachusetts, theNew England orPatriarca crime family fromProvidence, Rhode Island, has long dominated theNorth End ofBoston, but has been aligned with the Genovese family since theProhibition era. In 2010, the FBI convinced Genovese mobsters Anthony Arillotta and Felix L. Tranghese to become government witnesses.[10][304] They represent only the fourth and fifth Genovesemade men to have cooperated with law enforcement.[10] The government used Arillotta and Tranghese to prosecute capo Arthur "Artie" Nigro and his associates for the murder of Adolfo "Big Al" Bruno.[304][305]
39-year-old loan shark Capone was shot fifteen times by two gunmen in hisCadillac when he stopped at a red light inHoboken, New Jersey.[306] He had been expected to turn state's evidence in an investigation against Genovese mobsterJohn DiGilio.[307]
Cummiskey, an enforcer for Spillane, was shot in the back of the head by Sullivan while drinking in a bar in Hell's Kitchen.[308][309][311]
Frank Chin
January 20, 1977
Chin, a 48-year-oldwiretap expert, had been hired by DiGilio to screen his offices for listening devices and to build wiretaps which were planted in the offices of several defense attorneys.[306] He was shot six times in the head in the basement of his Manhattan apartment building because he was scheduled to testify against DiGilio in a federal case.[307]
A member of Spillane's gang, Kapatos was gunned down by Sullivan while walking along34th Street.[308][309]
Thomas Palermo
March 25, 1977
36-year-old Palermo was shot three times and left in the trunk of a rented car atKennedy Airport over a $45,000 debt owed toAnthony Salerno.[306]
Anthony "Hickey" DiLorenzo
November 25, 1988
Genovese soldier DiLorenzo was shot in the backyard of his home inWest New York, New Jersey.[312] His murder was ordered byJames Ida after he was suspected of becoming an informant.[313]
Ralph DeSimone
June 13, 1991
Ida ordered Genovese associate DeSimone killed because he suspected him of being an informant.[313] DeSimone was allegedly killed in New Jersey.[314] He was found shot to death in the trunk of his car atLaGuardia Airport.[312]
Ralph Anthony Coppola
September 16, 1998
41-year-old Genovese capo Coppola disappeared and was last seen near an associate's business on Stillwater Avenue inthe Bronx.[315]Liborio Bellomo allegedly sanctioned the murder of Coppola.[316] Bollomo was charged in 2006 with ordering Coppola's murder.[317]
^Gosch, Martin & Richard Hammer (2013).The Last Testament of Lucky Luciano: The Mafia Story in His Own Words. Enigma Books. pp. 223–224.ISBN9781936274581.
^Jerry Capeci. (2002) "The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Mafia", Alpha Books. p. 200.ISBN0-02-864225-2
^Rudolf, Robert (1993).Mafia Wiseguys: The Mob That Took on the Feds. New York: SPI Books. p. 41.ISBN978-1-56171-195-6.
^Dietche, Scott M. (2009).The Everything Mafia Book: True-life accounts of legendary figures, infamous crime families, and nefarious deeds. Avon, Massachusetts: Adams Media. pp. 188–189.ISBN978-1-59869-779-7.
^"Family may soon have new Boss"Archived May 10, 2010, at theWayback Machine By the start of the second decade on the 21st century the leadership appeared to still be strong however withMafia News Today reporting on April 9, 2010
^Lawrence Dentico IndictedArchived December 19, 2007, at theWayback Machine - US Attorney's Office: Fourteen Arrested with Unsealing of RICO Indictment Against Genovese Crime Family Members, Associates. - 2005/08/17 -- Dentico, Lawrence et al. -- Indictment -- News Release
^12-Year Term in Largest Securities Fraud (May 31, 2001) (A version of this article appeared in print on Thursday, May 31, 2001, on section C page 17 of the New York edition.)The New York Times.
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