TheGendarmerie General Command (Turkish:Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı) is the nationalgendarmerie force of theRepublic of Turkey. It is a service branch of theTurkish Ministry of Interior responsible for the maintenance of the public order in areas that fall outside the jurisdiction of police forces (generally in rural areas), as well as assuring internal security along with carrying out other specific duties assigned to it by certain laws and regulations. The Commander of the Gendarmerie reports to the Minister of the Interior.
The Gendarmerie has its roots in theOttoman Empire military law enforcement organization "Subaşı" (later known as the "Zaptiye"). A similar, earlier force called "Şurta" existed during the medievalSeljuq Empire.
After theabolition of theJanissary corps of theOttoman Empire in 1826, military organizations calledAsâkir-i Muntazâma-i Mansûre,Asâkir-i Muntazâma-i Hâssa, and, in 1834,Asâkir-i Redîfe were established for security and public order inAnatolia and in some provinces ofRumelia.[citation needed]
British officers in the Ottoman Gendarmerie, 1904
As the first use of the term Gendarmerie was in the Assignment Decrees published in the years following the 1839Edict of Gülhane, it is assumed that the Gendarmerie organization was founded after that year, but the exact date of foundation has not yet been determined. Therefore, the date on which the nameAsâkir-i Zaptiye Nizâmnâmesi was adopted, June 14, 1839, is usually considered the foundation date of the Turkish Gendarmerie.[4]
After the1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War, Ottoman prime ministerMehmed Said Pasha decided to bring police officers from Britain and France to establish a modern law enforcement organization. The Gendarmerie was used to great effect after the 1908Young Turk Revolution, particularly in Rumelia. In 1909, the Gendarmerie was affiliated with the Ministry of War, and its name was changed to the Gendarmerie General Command (Ottoman Turkish:Umûm Jandarma Kumandanlığı).
Gendarmerie units continued their internal security duties as well as taking part in the conflict at various fronts as a part of the Armed Forces duringWorld War I and theTurkish War of Independence.[citation needed]
The Gendarmerie organization achieved its current legal status on June 10, 1930. In 1939, the Gendarmerie organization was restructured, having three groups: Fixed Gendarmerie Units, Mobile Gendarmerie Units, and Gendarmerie Training Units and Schools.[citation needed]
In 1956, the Gendarmerie General Command was assigned the duties of protecting borders, coasts and territorial waters, and fighting smuggling, which had been previously carried out by theGümrük Umum Kumandanlığı, under the Ministry of Customs and Monopoly. In 1957, Gendarmerie Border Units were transformed into brigades, and Gendarmerie Training Brigades were established.[citation needed]
In 1961, Gendarmerie Regional Commands were established. In 1968, the first Gendarmerie Aviation Unit was established inDiyarbakır under the name of Light Helicopter Company Command.[citation needed]
In 1988, the duty of protecting the land borders and ensuring their security was assigned to the Land Forces Command, but Gendarmerie General Command still holds the responsibility for some parts of the Iranian and Syrian borders and the whole Iraqi border.[citation needed]
The Gendarmerie Criminal Department was founded inAnkara in 1993 and from 1994, Gendarmerie Regional Criminal Laboratory Superiorities? were founded. Crime Scene Examination Teams, Explosive Material Disposal Units, Fingerprints and Palm Prints Branches and Crime Scene Examination Units were also established.[citation needed]
The Gendarmerie General Command currently has a total of 3,600 units, including 3,056 Internal Security Units, 218 Commando Units, 162 Prison Units, 160 Protection Units and four Aviation Units.[citation needed]
The duties of the gendarmerie according to the Law No. 2803 on the Organization, Duties and Powers of the Gendarmerie; It is categorized under four main titles as judicial, military, civil and other duties.[7]
To ensure that the services for general safety and security are carried out in accordance with the relevant legislation,
To carry out the services of informing the public about how to protect the society from public order crime, directing children and young people to crime and taking precautionary measures,
To evaluate the information and statistics about public order crimes, to conduct or have an analysis of the crime and to determine the methods of combating crime to prevent public order crimes by evaluating them,
These are duties other than judicial, military and civil duties, such as facility and personal protection and transport security, which must be carried out in accordance with laws and regulations, orders and decisions.
Gendarmerie Underwater Search and Rescue Teams (SAK)[10]
Gendarmerie Public Security Boat Commands (Security and public order services at inland waters are carried out by the Gendarmerie Public Order Boat Commands.)
Provincial Gendarmerie Commands in 81 provinces & in 388 districts.
The Crime Scene Investigation Teams (CSIT) (Working under the Provincial and District Gendarmerie Commands systematically examine the crime scene by means of technical and scientific methods; properly gather physical evidences; pack and send them to forensic laboratories.)
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Teams ( which have been established in tourism regions, regions with a concentration of terror incidents and big cities, dispose of explosive ordnances.)
The Gendarmerie Motorcycled Public Order Teams (Round-the-clock at the highways established by the protocols in the responsibility areas of the Gendarmerie General Command.)
Gendarmerie Dog Teams
Gendarmerie Environmental Protection Teams (Environmental Protection Teams have been established in order to protect environment, ecological balance and natural life, to protect living species and areas protected by national legislation and international conventions and to prevent environmental pollution.)[14]
The Gendarmerie Mounted Units (Used in performing patrolling services at resort areas, forestlands, recreation spots and museums (Topkapı Palace), and in performing preventive law enforcement services.)[15]
The Gendarmerie General Command has jurisdiction over 93 percent ofTurkey's territory, focusing onrural and border areas, and serves approximately 20 percentof the population. The remaining areas fall under the jurisdiction of the police department.[16]
The Gendarmerie Museum is established in order to reflect the developments in periodical order beginning with the foundation of the Gendarmerie organization; to exhibit its activities, heroic deeds, services in the history; to protect all kinds of military cultural assets related to the Gendarmerie by collecting them and to transfer them to the future generations.
The Gendarmerie Museum in the Beytepe Lieutenant General İsmail SELEN Quarters in Ankara and is open to public.[20]
BMC Vuran armored vehicle with Mobile Adjustable Ramp System.[65] The Gendarmerie took delivery of the VURAN vehicles mounted on the ALKAR 120mm Mortar Weapon System. Mobile mortar capability will be gained with ALKAR-mounted VURAN vehicles.[42]
^Netherl, Royal; Marechaussee, s (16 May 2011)."Turkish Gendarmerie".FIEP | International Association of Gendarmeries and Police Forces with Military Statues. Retrieved2020-02-08.
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