Gejiu 个旧市 | |
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 Downtown skyline  Jinhu Cultural Square  Former site of GeBi LinPing Railway Company  Shadian Grand Mosque  Former site of Baofenglong Store  Yunnan Tin headquarters | |
 Location of Gejiu City in Honghe Prefecture within Yunnan province | |
  Gejiu Location within China | |
| Coordinates:23°22′N103°09′E / 23.367°N 103.150°E /23.367; 103.150 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Yunnan |
| Prefecture | Honghe |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,587 km2 (613 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• Total | 390,000 |
| • Density | 250/km2 (640/sq mi) |
| Postal code | 661000 |
| Area code | 0873 |
| Website | www |
| Gejiu | |||||||||||
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| Traditional Chinese | 箇舊 | ||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 个旧 | ||||||||||
| Literal meaning | single old | ||||||||||
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Gejiu (pronunciationⓘ) (Chinese:个旧,geh-JOO;[1]Hani:Goqjef; formerly known asKochiu) is acounty-level city inHonghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture,YunnanProvince,China, with 202,000[note 1] urban inhabitants (ranked 14th largest city inYunnan).[2] It is the site of China's largesttin deposits and its main industry ismining.
Gejiu is located on the top of a mountain to the north of theRed River (pinyinHong He) valley, which flows fromXiangyun, Yunnan, toVietnam. To the southwest in this valley isNansha, which lies directly below the town ofYuanyang. To the northwest of Gejiu liesJianshui County, and to the north,Jijie Town, one of its subordinate towns.Mengzi, the capital city of Honghe prefecture, lies 12 miles east of Gejiu.
The town is located in a crater-like depression around a lake on top of a mountain. The main road enters the town from the north through a thin pass. To the east and west are steep cliffs. Those to the west are too steep to inhabit, however, extensive new construction along the eastern suburbs has created many new residential areas.
Administratively, the County-level City of Gejiu consists of 10 township level units:[3]
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Originally, Gejiu was calledGejiuli, which is a small mining settlement in Yunnan Province . Under the Yuan (1206–1368) and Ming (1368–1644) dynasties the mining of silver started.
In the late 17th and 18th centuries, mining in Yunnan boomed, but tin mining in Gejiu did not develop until the second half of the 18th century.
In the 1880s, Gejiu was established as asubprefecture (廳) underMengzi County, which was about 30 km (19 mi) east of the former.
In 1889, Mengzi was opened as atreaty port to serve as a gateway for trade between theQing Government and what was thenFrench Indochina.
It was not until the French in Vietnam built theYunnan-Vietnam Railway in 1910 when Gejiu began to develop. One of the main purposes in constructing this railway was to service the mine trading.
During the last years of the Qing dynasty, the mining of tin was organized by the Chinese-owned Gejiu Tin Company, but the company was deficient incapital, technical skill, and managerial efficiency and therefore was replaced by a joint state-private company, Gejiu Tin-Mining Company, under which production boomed.
After the 1911Revolution, Gejiu was further developed due to its location up in the mountains, surrounded by abundanttin deposits.
Abranch line was built from Gejiu to Mengzi between 1915 and 1928 to better serve the transport needs of the tin mine.
By the 1930s, Gejiu tin accounted for 80 percent of the traffic exported on the railway. Tin production is said[who?] to have reached 10,000 tons in 1938.
After 1949, the management passed to the state-owned Yunnan Tin-Mining Corporation, which by 1955 had reached and exceeded the pre-war[which?] production figures. In addition to the city's tin mine, which remained the chief product, Gejiu had also become a major producer of lead, and a thrivingmetallurgical industry has been developed. Tin articles made in Gejiu were highly acclaimed in China. Coal for smelting was supplied to the city from nearbyKaiyuan to the north, located on the rail line toKunming. There is some engineering and chemical production closely allied with Gejiu's metallurgical industries.
Today, Gejiu is a relatively modern prosperous county-level city in Yunnan, with a lakeside setting and with a backdrop of rocky hills.
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The city of Gejiu surrounds a lake which, however, was not naturally formed. A turning point in the city's history was when a mining accident occurred sometime in the 1950s, when water welled up through the mines which led to groundwater rising to the surface, and this flooded a large part of the narrow valley that the city was located in. This accident may well have turned out to be a blessing in disguise for Gejiu, as it provided a nice scenic lake right in the city center. An already cramped upland location became even more cramped after this flood, which has resulted in an extremely dense, high-rise center compared to other small Chinese cities that are built on plains. Later, the adjacent area to the flood-caused lake was turned into a park. Today, the town is protected from further flooding by an undergroundspillway.
It is a typicalsubtropical highland climate (Köppen:Cfb), with a low temperature variation but cold for latitude.[5]
| Climate data for Gejiu, elevation 1,721 m (5,646 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 21.7 (71.1) | 24.9 (76.8) | 26.9 (80.4) | 28.9 (84.0) | 30.1 (86.2) | 29.3 (84.7) | 29.8 (85.6) | 29.8 (85.6) | 28.8 (83.8) | 26.3 (79.3) | 23.7 (74.7) | 23.0 (73.4) | 30.1 (86.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 14.7 (58.5) | 17.0 (62.6) | 20.3 (68.5) | 22.9 (73.2) | 23.7 (74.7) | 24.0 (75.2) | 23.9 (75.0) | 24.2 (75.6) | 23.1 (73.6) | 20.6 (69.1) | 18.0 (64.4) | 14.9 (58.8) | 20.6 (69.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.9 (51.6) | 12.8 (55.0) | 16.0 (60.8) | 18.5 (65.3) | 19.7 (67.5) | 20.7 (69.3) | 20.6 (69.1) | 20.4 (68.7) | 19.1 (66.4) | 16.8 (62.2) | 13.8 (56.8) | 11.0 (51.8) | 16.7 (62.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 8.1 (46.6) | 9.8 (49.6) | 12.7 (54.9) | 15.2 (59.4) | 16.9 (62.4) | 18.5 (65.3) | 18.4 (65.1) | 17.9 (64.2) | 16.6 (61.9) | 14.4 (57.9) | 11.1 (52.0) | 8.2 (46.8) | 14.0 (57.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −1.8 (28.8) | −0.2 (31.6) | −3.0 (26.6) | 4.5 (40.1) | 8.2 (46.8) | 11.8 (53.2) | 12.7 (54.9) | 12.9 (55.2) | 7.7 (45.9) | 5.0 (41.0) | 0.3 (32.5) | −4.0 (24.8) | −4.0 (24.8) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 35.8 (1.41) | 24.0 (0.94) | 35.1 (1.38) | 61.1 (2.41) | 112.8 (4.44) | 150.9 (5.94) | 215.7 (8.49) | 188.3 (7.41) | 104.1 (4.10) | 61.2 (2.41) | 43.7 (1.72) | 27.1 (1.07) | 1,059.8 (41.72) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 6.1 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 10.1 | 15.0 | 19.2 | 22.6 | 20.7 | 15.3 | 11.3 | 6.6 | 5.3 | 143.9 |
| Average snowy days | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.9 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 73 | 68 | 65 | 67 | 74 | 79 | 81 | 80 | 79 | 80 | 77 | 76 | 75 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 193.4 | 202.1 | 225.1 | 233.3 | 211.2 | 135.5 | 116.2 | 129.7 | 131.1 | 131.2 | 173.7 | 175.0 | 2,057.5 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 57 | 63 | 60 | 61 | 51 | 33 | 28 | 33 | 36 | 37 | 53 | 53 | 47 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[6][7] | |||||||||||||
The populace is primarilyHan Chinese. However, minorities such as the MuslimHui,Dai from the nearbyRed River valley, andHani from the surrounding mountains (seeYuanyang) are also present[citation needed].
In addition totin reserves,iron andcoal are also found in Gejiu.
The city is the home of the Gejiu Children's Welfare Institute, anorphanage forYunnan children[citation needed].
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