| Gawar-Bati | |
|---|---|
| Narsati | |
 | |
| Native to | Afghanistan, Pakistan |
| Region | Kunar province,Chitral |
Native speakers | 75,000 (2017–2024)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | gwt |
| Glottolog | gawa1247 |
| ELP | Gawar-Bati |
 Gawar-Bati is classified as Definitely Endangered by theUNESCOAtlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
Gawar-Bati orNarsati is anIndo-Aryan language spoken inKunar Province of eastern Afghanistan and across the border in Pakistan. It is also known as Kohistani in Kunar. Gawar-Bati has an estimated 75,000 speakers, of whom 50,000 are in Kunar and 25,000 in Chitral, Pakistan.Gawari ( Gawar-Bati) Language first Writer is Mohammad Nawaz Haqiqat Sanin is a prominent figure in Gawari literature and poetry. He is known for his contributions to the promotion and preservation of the Gawari language. His works have played a significant role in the development of modern Gawari literature. Mohammad Nawaz Haqiqat Sanin has written numerous books in Gawari literature. His works often focus on the culture, history, and traditions of the Gawari-speaking people. He has contributed significantly to the development of Gawari poetry and prose. His books are well-regarded for their literary quality and their role in preserving Gawari language and heritage.
The Gawar-Bati language has not been given serious study by linguists, except that it is mentioned by George Morgenstierne (1926) and Kendall Decker (1992).
It is classified as anIndo-Aryan language of theDardic subgroup. However, the term Dardic is not linguistic but merely geographic.[2]
The following tables set out the phonology of the Gawar-Bati language:[3]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | iiː | uuː | |
| Mid | (e)eː | (o)oː | |
| Open | aaː |
The status of short /e/ and /o/ is unclear.
A breathy voiced series, /bʱ dʱ gʱ/, existed recently in older speakers—and may still do so.
It is rarely written. This alphabet is used in Pakistan:[4]
| Letter | ا | ب | پ | ت | ٹ | ث | ج | چ | ح | خ | ڄ | ݮ | څ | ځ | د | ڈ | ذ | ر | ڑ | ز | ژ | ݫ | س |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transliteration | ā, Ø | b | p | t | ṭ | s | ǰ | č | h | x | c̣ | j̣ | c | j | d | ḍ | z | r | ṛ | z | ẓ | ž | s |
| IPA | [aː], Ø | [b] | [p] | [t] | [ʈ] | [s] | [d͡ʒ] | [t͡ʃ] | [h] | [x] | [ʈ͡ʂ] | [ɖ͡ʐ] | [t͡s] | [d͡z] | [d] | [ɖ] | [z] | [r~ɾ] | [ɽ] | [z] | [ʐ] | [ʒ] | [s] |
| Letter | ش | ݭ | ص | ض | ط | ظ | ع | غ | ف | ق | ک | گ | ل | ݪ | م | ن | ݨ | ں | ه | ء | و | ی | ے |
| Transliteration | š | ṣ | s | z | t | z | ʔ | ǧ | f | q | k | g | l | ł | m | n | ṇ | ˜ | h | ʔ | w, ū, o | y, ī | e |
| IPA | [ʃ] | [ʂ] | [s] | [z] | [t] | [z] | [ʔ] | [ɣ] | [f] | [q] | [k] | [ɡ] | [l] | [ɬ~l] | [m] | [n] | [ɳ] | [˜] | [h] | [ʔ] | [w], [uː], [oː] | [j], [iː] | [eː] |
| Letter | تھ | پھ | ٹھ | چھ | ڄھ | څھ | کھ | َ | ِ | ُ | |||||||||||||
| Transliteration | th | ph | ṭh | čh | c̣h | ch | kh | a | i | u | |||||||||||||
| IPA | [tʰ] | [pʰ] | [ʈʰ] | [t͡ʃʰ] | [ʈ͡ʂʰ] | [t͡sʰ] | [kʰ] | [a] | [i] | [u] |
'Dardic' is a geographic cover term for those Northwest Indo-Aryan languages which[..] developed new characteristics different from the IA languages of the Indo-Gangetic plain. Although the Dardic and Nuristani (previously 'Kafiri') languages were formerly grouped together, Morgenstierne (1965) has established that the Dardic languages are Indo-Aryan, and that the Nuristani languages constitute a separate subgroup of Indo-Iranian.
35°19′38″N71°35′05″E / 35.32722°N 71.58472°E /35.32722; 71.58472