Coiled sections of tissue that exist in the mucosal and submucosal layers of the stomach
Thegastric folds (orgastricrugae ) are coiled sections of tissue that exist in themucosal andsubmucosal layers of thestomach .[ 1] elasticity by allowing the stomach to expand when abolus enters it. These folds stretch outward through the action ofmechanoreceptors , which respond to the increase inpressure .[ 2] volume of the stomach without increasing pressure.[ 2] surface area for nutrient absorption duringdigestion .[ 2] esophagogastroduodenoscopy or inradiological studies .[ 3] [ 4]
The gastric folds consist of two layers:
Sub-mucosal layer – This layer consists of different vessels andnerves , ganglion neurons, andadipose tissue . It is the second layer of the stomach and supports the mucosa.[ 6] Drawing of the interior of the stomach. Clinical significance [ edit ] Thickening of the gastric folds may be observed byendoscopy orradiography and may aid in thedifferential diagnosis of many disease processes including:[ 3]
Gastritis The folds become very thick due toinflammation .[ 7] Peptic ulcer disease Ulcers cause breaks in the mucosa and cause erosion of the sub-mucosa.Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Gastrin levels increase due totumors , which cause an increase in the gastric fold size.[ 7] Ménétrier's disease The mucosa pits are in excess causing thickening of the folds.[ 7] Carcinoma Helicobacter pylori infectionCauses inflammation of the folds. Gastricsyphilis [ 8] Cytomegalovirus Mucosa change shape causing rugae enlargement.[ 9] Sarcoidosis Causes thickening of the folds. ^ David., Shier (2009).Hole's essentials of human anatomy & physiology . Butler, Jackie., Lewis, Ricki. (10th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. p. 421.ISBN 978-0077221355 OCLC 171614173 . ^a b c Michelle., McGuire (2013).Nutritional sciences : from fundamentals to food . Beerman, Kathy A. (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. p. 90.ISBN 978-0840058201 OCLC 786272310 . ^a b L., Eisenberg, Ronald (2003).Gastrointestinal radiology : a pattern approach (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 223– 236.ISBN 978-0781737067 OCLC 49550593 . {{cite book }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link )^ "The Stomach and Its Role in Digestion" .www.laparoscopic.md . Retrieved14 November 2017 .^ Taylor, Tim."Stomach" .InnerBody . RetrievedNovember 13, 2017 . ^ "Stomach" .BioNet . RetrievedNovember 13, 2017 .^a b c "Gastritis, Giant Hypertrophic - NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)" .NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders) . Retrieved9 December 2017 .^ Butz, William; Watts, John; Rosales-Qiuntana, Sergio; Hicklin, Martin (1975)."Erosive Gastritis as a Manifestation of Secondary Syphilis" (PDF) .American Journal of Clinical Pathology .63 (6):895– 900.doi :10.1093/ajcp/63.6.895 .PMID 1096590 . Retrieved9 December 2017 . ^ Dughera, Francesca; Baino, Sara."Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome" .flipper.diff.org . Retrieved9 December 2017 .
