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InGreek mythology, theGargareans, orGargarenses, (Greek:ΓαργαρείςGargareis) were an all-male tribe. They copulated with theAmazons annually in order to keep both tribes reproductive. The Amazons kept the female children, raising them as warriors, and gave the males to the Gargareans.[1] According to K. V. Trever, it is possible that the "Amazons" mentioned by ancient authors are a distorted ethnic term, "Alazons," meaning the inhabitants of the area along theAlazani River, among whom vestiges of matriarchy may have persisted somewhat longer than among other Caucasian peoples.[2]
The ancient Greek geographerStrabo placed the Gargareans on the northern foothills of theCaucasus.Gaius Plinius Secundus likewise localizes the Gargareans north of theCaucasus Mountains, but calls themGegar.[3] Some scholars identify the Gargareans with theRutulians.[4][5][6] Other scholars identify them with theGalgaï.[7][8][9] According to E. Krupnov, the accuracy of the localization of Strabo's Gargareans inGalga-chuv (Ingushetia) is confirmed by archaeological, anthropological and ethnographic data.[10]
In the 2nd century BC the Gargareans inhabited the right bank of theKura River, at the time when the Armenian kingArtaxias I incorporated the area into theArmenian kingdom. The Gargareans, together with the locally settled tribes of the Shaki and the Utii, being politically fragmented, were unable to resist the seizure of their lands. In the 3rd century AD the Gargareans are reported to have moved down from the Caucasus foothills into the lowland region (the area corresponding to the modern Karabakh steppe); according toKamilla Trever, some of them may have remained there permanently.[2]
According to Strabo, the Gargareans, who originally inhabitedThemiscyra along with the Amazons before they split, with the help of theThracians andEuboeans declared war on the Amazons; the conflict ended in a pact between the two peoples, namely, that there should be a companionship only with respect to offspring, and that they should live each independent of the other.[11]
^abTrever, K. V. (1959).Очерки по истории и культуре Кавказской Албании IV в. до н. э.−VII в. н. э. (EN: Essays on the History and Culture of Caucasian Albania, 4th century BC–7th century AD) (in Russian). Moscow–Leningrad: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. pp. 48, 58.
^Latyshev, V. V. (1890–1906).Izvestiia drevnikh pisateleĭ grecheskikh i latinskikh o Skifii i KavkazИзвестия древних писателей греческих и латинских о Скифии и Кавказе [Reports of ancient Latin and Greek authors about Scythians in the Caucasus]. Vol. 1 (1890), vol. 2 parts 1 (1904) and 2 (1906). Saint Petersburg.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Krupnov 1971, p. 25.
^Musaev, G. M. (2009). S. A. Luguyev (ed.).Цахуры. Историко-этнографическое исследование XVIII-XIX вв. (EN: Tsakhurs: A Historical and Ethnographic Study of the 18th–19th Centuries) (in Russian). Epoch Publishing House. p. 33.
^Ibragimov, Garun Khalilovich (1980). "Historical Characteristics of the Tsakhur Self-NameYikhby".Ономастика Кавказа (EN: Onomastics of the Caucasus) (in Russian). Ordzhonikidze: North Ossetian State University named after K. L. Khetagurov. p. 67.
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