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Garcia de Noronha

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His Lordship Garcia de Noronha
Portrait of D. Garcia de Noronha in Livro de Lisuarte de Abreu, c. 1560.

Viceroy of India
In office 1538 – 3 April 1540
Monarch	John III
Preceded by	Nuno da Cunha
Succeeded by	Estêvão da Gama

Personal details
Born	1479 Lisbon,Portugal
Died	3 April 1540(1540-04-03) (aged 60–61) Cochin,India
Military service
Allegiance	Portugal
Branch/service	Portuguese Navy
Rank	Captain-major

D.Garcia de Noronha (1479 inLisbon – 3 April 1540 inCochin) was a Portuguese nobleman. A great-great-grandson ofKing Ferdinand I of Portugal, he was the thirdviceroy and tenth governor ofPortuguese India.^[1]^[2]

Life

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D. Garcia de Noronha, 3rd Viceroy of India

As far as his life is reconstructed, Garcia de Noronha comes from noble proportions. His father, Dom Fernando de Noronha, was a member of theCrown Council of Portugal asmayor of the palace. As a young nobleman he regularly frequented theroyal court. After the death of his father, he became a gentleman of the Board ofManuel I andJoão III, captain-general ofCartaxo, young nobleman andknight of the royal house.

He served in North Africa and went toIndia for the first time in 1511 as chief captain of a fleet of six ships. On that voyage, he is reported to have sighted the island ofSaint Helena, that his pilots entered onto their charts.^[3]^[4] This last source claimed that this event was decisive in leading to the utilisation of the island as a regular stopover for rest and replenishment for ships en route from India to Europe. However, this seems doubtful because whenEstêvão da Gama arrived at St Helena expedition in 1503 his clerkThomé Lopes)^[5]^[6]^[7] identified St Helena's geographic position with reasonable accuracy when he quoted its distance and direction with respect to locations such as Ascension, Cape Verde, São Tomé and the Cape of Good Hope. The island's location with respect to Ascension and the Cape of Good Hope was likewise known following the 1505 Portuguese expedition led byFrancisco de Almeida.^[8]

He was married to Inês de Castro (a sister of D.João de Castro who was later to become the fourth viceroy of Portuguese India); with her he had four children. Moreover, he was a nephew ofAfonso de Albuquerque.

He was a successor to the governor-generalNuno da Cunha, nominated by a royal decree of 18 March 1538 asviceroy ofEstado da Índia by KingJohn III. The King gave him the title of viceroy, and not just governor-general, in order to impress theOttoman power that at the time threatened Portuguese possessions in Asia.^[9]

On 6 April 1538 he landed in India. During his reign he promoted the settlement ofmissionaries onCelebes Islands andMacassar. He issued a temporary ban on the construction of mainlyHindu andBuddhist temples within Portuguese India.

Dom Garcia died before the end of his mandate as viceroy on April 3, 1540, inCochin and is buried in the chancel of theCathedral of Goa.

InCascais (São Domingos de Rana) a street is named after him.^[10]

References

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^Garcia de Noronha - Lisboa, Portugal, waymarking.com, recovered 21 March 2014
^List of Viceroys and Governors of Portuguese India, recovered 21 March 2014
^Lendas Da India Por Gaspar Correa Tomo.2 (in Portuguese). Lisboa: NA TYPOGRAPHYA DA ACADEMIA REAL DAS SCIENCIAS. 1860. pp. 196–197.e tornarao a caminhar pera India, com muyta gente morta e doente. E indo assy no seu caminho , na paragem de dezeseis graos virao huma ilha muyto pequena, e forao pera ella, e nom puderao chegar, porque lhe acalmou o vento, nem acharao fundo em sessenla braças, e sendo a tarde acodio o vento por cyma da ilha, com que a nom puderao tomar. Entao forao no seu caminho, e os pilotos puserao a ilha no ponto de suas cartas, e lhe puserao nome santa Elena, porque a virao em seu dia
^Disney, A. R. (2016).The Portuguese in India and other studies, 1500-1700 (XVII - The Portuguese and Saint Helena). Routledge. pp. 217–219.ISBN 978-1-138-49378-0.
^A. H. Schulenburg, 'The discovery of St Helena: the search continues'. Wirebird: The Journal of the Friends of St Helena, Issue 24 (Spring 2002), pp. 13–19.
^Duarte Leite, História dos Descobrimentos, Vol. II (Lisbon: Edições Cosmos, 1960), 206.
^de Montalbodo, Paesi Nuovamente Retovati & Nuovo Mondo da Alberico Vesputio Fiorentino Intitulato (Venice: 1507)
^The Voyage from Lisbon to India, 1505–06, being an account and journal by Albericus Vespuccius, translated from the contemporary Flemish [by George Frederick Barwick and Janet M. E. Barwick], and edited with prologue and notes by C. H. Coote. [With the text of the original entitled "Die reyse va Lissebone" in facsimile.], Published by B. F. Stevens in 1894.
^Vila-Santa, Nuno (2 September 2015)."Entre o Reino e o Império. A Carreira Político-Militar de D. Luís de Ataíde, 1516-1581" [Between the Kingdom and the Empire. The Political-Military Career of Dom Luís de Ataíde, 1516-1581].www.ics.ulisboa.pt (in European Portuguese). Lisboa: Imprensa de Ciências Sociais. 1242 (Kindle ed.).ISBN 978-9726714194. Retrieved16 September 2025. [Under strong pressure from Queen Catherine and Dom António de Ataíde, and against the backdrop of the Ottoman threat to Portuguese Asia, King João III had decided not to send Prince Luís with 40 ships and 8,000 men, instead choosing to appoint as viceroy Dom Garcia de Noronha. Garcia's choice was justified by his age and experience in warfare on the Asian stage, and the monarch decided to grant him the title of viceroy, believing that this would impress the Ottomans and maybe lead to their withdrawal.]
^"Código Postal".Código Postal (in European Portuguese). Retrieved14 July 2025.Código Postal da Rua Dom Garcia de Noronha. Distrito de Lisboa Cascais São Domingos de Rana 2785-585 [Postal Code of Rua Dom Garcia de Noronha, District of Lisbon, Cascais, São Domingos de Rana, 2785-585]

v t e Governors and viceroys of the Portuguese State of India (1505–1961)
Kingdom	Dom Francisco de Almeida 1505–1509 Afonso de Albuquerque 1510–15 Lopo Soares de Albergaria 1515–18 Diogo Lopes de Sequeira 1518–22 Dom Duarte de Menezes 1522–24 Dom Vasco da Gama 1524 Dom Henrique de Menezes 1525–26 Lopo Vaz de Sampaio 1526–29 Nuno da Cunha 1529–38 Dom Garcia de Noronha 1538–40 Dom Estêvão da Gama 1540–42 Martim Afonso de Sousa 1542–45 Dom João de Castro 1545–48 Garcia de Sá 1548–49 Jorge Cabral 1549–50 Dom Afonso de Noronha 1550–54 Pedro Mascarenhas 1554–55 Francisco Barreto 1555–58 Dom Constantino de Bragança 1558–61 Dom Francisco Coutinho 1561–64 João de Mendonça 1564 Dom António de Noronha 1564–68 Dom Luís de Ataíde 1568–71 Dom António de Noronha "Catarraz" 1571–73 António Moniz Barreto 1573–76 Dom Diogo de Menezes 1576–78 Fernão Teles de Menezes 1581 Francisco de Mascarenhas 1581–84 Dom Duarte de Menezes 1584–88 Dom Manuel de Sousa Coutinho 1588–91 Matias de Albuquerque 1591–97 Dom Francisco da Gama 1597–1600 Aires de Saldanha 1600–05 Martim Afonso de Castro 1605–07 Aleixo de Meneses 1607–09 André Furtado de Mendonça 1609–10 Rui Lourenço de Távora 1610–12 Dom Jerónimo de Azevedo 1612–17 Dom João Coutinho 1617–19 Fernão de Albuquerque 1619–22 D. Francisco da Gama (second time) 1622–28 Luís de Brito e Meneses 1629–29 Miguel de Noronha 1629–35 Pero da Silva 1635–39 António Teles de Meneses 1639–40 João da Silva Telo e Meneses 1640–44 Filipe Mascarenhas 1644–51 João da Silva Telo e Meneses 1651 Vasco Mascarenhas 1652–55 Brás de Castro 1655 Rodrigo Lobo da Silveira 1655–56 Manuel Mascarenhas Homem 1656 António de Melo e Castro 1662–66 João Nunes da Cunha 1666–68 Luís de Mendonça Furtado e Albuquerque 1671–76 Dom Pedro de Almeida 1676–78 António Brandão 1678–81 Francisco de Távora 1681–86 Rodrigo da Costa 1686–90 Dom Miguel de Almeida 1690–91 Pedro António de Meneses Noronha de Albuquerque 1692–97 António Luís Gonçalves da Câmara Coutinho 1697–1701 Caetano de Melo e Castro 1702–1707 Dom Rodrigo da Costa 1707–12 Vasco Fernandes César de Meneses 1712–17 Sebastião de Andrade Pessanha 1717 Luís Carlos Inácio Xavier de Meneses 1717–20 Francisco José de Sampaio e Castro 1720–23 Cristóvão de Melo 1723 João de Saldanha da Gama 1725–32 Pedro de Mascarenhas 1732–40 Luís Carlos Inácio Xavier de Meneses 1740–42 Pedro Miguel de Almeida Portugal e Vasconcelos 1745–50 Francisco de Assis de Távora 1750–54 Luís Mascarenhas 1754–56 Manuel de Saldanha e Albuquerque 1758–65 João José de Melo 1768–74 Filipe de Valadares Sotomaior 1774 Dom José Pedro da Câmara 1774–79 Dom Frederico Guilherme de Sousa Holstein 1779–86 Francisco da Cunha e Meneses 1786–94 Francisco António da Veiga Cabral da Câmara 1794–1806 Dom Bernardo José Maria da Silveira e Lorena 1806–16 Dom Diogo de Sousa 1816–21 Dom Manuel da Câmara 1823–25 Dom Manuel Francisco Zacarias de Portugal e Castro 1826–35 Bernardo Peres da Silva 1835 Dom Manuel Francisco Zacarias de Portugal e Castro 1835 Joaquim Manuel Correia da Silva e Gama 1835 Bernardo Peres da Silva 1836–37 Simão Infante de Lacerda de Sousa Tavares 1837–39 José António Vieira da Fonseca 1839 Manuel José Mendes 1839–40 José Joaquim Lopes Lima 1840–42 Francisco Xavier da Silva Pereira 1842–43 Joaquim Mourão Garcez Palha 1843–44 José Ferreira Pestana 1844–51 José Joaquim Januário Lapa 1851–55 António César de Vasconcelos Correia 1855–64 José Ferreira Pestana 1864–70 Januário Correia de Almeida 1870–71 Joaquim José Macedo e Couto 1871–75 João Tavares de Almeida 1875–77 António Sérgio de Sousa 1877–78 Caetano Alexandre de Almeida e Albuquerque 1878–82 Carlos Eugénio Correia da Silva 1882–86 Francisco Joaquim Ferreira do Amaral 1886 Augusto César Cardoso de Carvalho 1886–89 Joaquim Augusto Mouzinho de Albuquerque 1889 Vasco Guedes de Carvalho e Meneses 1889–91 Francisco Maria da Cunha 1891 João Manuel Correia Taborda 1891–92 Francisco Teixeira da Silva 1892–93 Rafael Jácome de Andrade 1893–94 João Manuel Correia Taborda 1894 Elesbão José de Bettencourt Lapa 1894–95 Rafael Jácome de Andrade 1895–96 Prince Afonso Henriques de Bragança 1896 João António de Brissac das Neves Ferreira 1896–97 João Manuel Correia Taborda 1897 Joaquim José Machado 1897–1900 Eduardo Augusto Rodrigues Galhardo 1900–05 Arnaldo de Novais Guedes Rebelo 1905–07 José Maria de Sousa Horta e Costa 1907–10
Republic	Francisco Manuel Couceiro da Costa 1910–17 Francisco Maria Peixoto Vieira 1917 José de Freitas Ribeiro 1917–19 Augusto de Paiva Bobela da Mota 1919–20 Jaime Alberto de Castro Morais 1920–25 Francisco Maria Peixoto Vieira 1925 Mariano Martins 1925–26 Tito Augusto de Morais 1926 Acúrcio Mendes da Rocha Dinis 1926–27 Pedro Francisco Massano de Amorim 1927–29 Acúrcio Mendes da Rocha Dinis 1929 Alfredo Pedro de Almeida 1929–30 João Carlos Craveiro Lopes 1930–36 Francisco Craveiro Lopes 1936–38 José Ricardo Pereira Cabral 1938–45 Paulo Bénard Guedes 1945–46 José Ferreira Bossa 1946–47 José Alves Ferreira 1947–48 Fernando de Quintanilha e Mendonça Dias 1948–52 Paulo Bénard Guedes 1952–58 Manuel António Vassalo e Silva 1958–61
Note: The head of Portuguese India could have either the title of "Governor" or the more prestigious "Viceroy" though their responsibilities were the same

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