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Gao Gong

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chinese politician and scholar of Ming period (1513–1578)
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In thisChinese name, thefamily name isGao.
Gao Gong
高拱
Senior Grand Secretary
In office
1571–1572
MonarchLongqing
Preceded byLi Chunfang
Succeeded byZhang Juzheng
Minister of Personnel
In office
1570–1572
MonarchsJiajing
Longqing
Preceded byYang Bo
Succeeded byYang Bo
Grand Secretary
In office
1566–1567,1570–1572
MonarchsJiajing
Longqing
Minister of Rites
In office
1565–1566
MonarchJiajing
Preceded byDong Fen
Succeeded byGao Yi
Personal details
Born19 January 1513
Died4 August 1578(1578-08-04) (aged 65)
Educationjinshi degree (1541)
Courtesy nameSuqing[a]
Art nameZhongxuan[b]
Posthumous nameWenxiang[c]
Chinese name
Chinese高拱
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinGāo Gǒng

Gao Gong (19 January 1513 – 4 August 1578),courtesy nameSuqing,art nameZhongxuan, was a Chinese politician of theMing dynasty.

Gao was born inXinzheng,Henan. He became jinshi in 1541, then held a post atHanlin Academy. Since 1552, he served as tutor to the then heir apparent, later theLongqing Emperor for nine years, which made the emperor trust him fully. He served successively as Vice Minister of Rites, Vice Minister of Personnel, and Minister of Rites. In 1566, he was promoted to the Grand Secretariat ofWenyuan Chamber with recommendation fromXu Jie. After the enthronement of the Longqing Emperor, Gao's higher status catalyzed a sudden escalation of antagonism between Gao and Xu. Impeached by several censors, he was forced to retire in 1567.Zhang Juzheng did his utmost to persuade the emperor to recall Gao for political reasons. Thus, Gao returned to Beijing in 1569. He replaced Li Chunfang, the former SeniorGrand Secretary, who was defeated in the political struggle by the death of the emperor. Zhang was hostile to him afterwards. The eunuchs in the Directorate of Ceremonial headed by Feng Bao brooked no weakening of their power by Gao. Hence, an alignment grew up between Zhang and Feng aimed at marginalizing Gao. They criticized Gao beforeEmpress Dowager Xiaoding. Gao had to retire and return home once again. He finished the memoirBingta yiyan (病榻遺言) [The last words left on my sickbed] in his later years. In 1578, Gao died at home.[1]

Although Gao's term was quite brief, he made great efforts with Zhang to subsumeAltan Khan'sTumed into thetributary system. Consequently, he was granted theGrand Preceptor as the posthumous title in 1602.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^simplified Chinese:肃卿;traditional Chinese:肅卿;pinyin:Sùqīng
  2. ^Chinese:中玄;pinyin:Zhōngxuán
  3. ^Chinese:文襄;pinyin:Wénxiāng

References

[edit]
  1. ^Encyclopedia of China, Vol. 7 (2nd edition, 中国大百科全书（第二版）第7册). Encyclopedia of China Publishing House. 2009. p. 292.ISBN 978-7-500-07958-3.
  • Mote, Twitchett (2007).The Cambridge History of China, Volume 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-521-24332-2.
  • Twitchett, Mote, Denis, Frederick W. (1998).The Cambridge History of China, Volume 8: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 2. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-521-24333-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Political offices
Preceded bySenior Grand Secretary
1571–1572		Succeeded by
Yongle era
Hongxi and Xuande eras
Zhengtong era
Jingtai era
Tianshun era
Chenghua era
Hongzhi era
Zhengde era
Jiajing era
Longqing era
Wanli era
Taichang era
Tianqi era
Chongzhen era
Southern Ming regimes
aSenior Grand Secretaries of thePrince of Lu (魯) regime
International
National
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