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Gallo-Brittonic languages

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Celtic subdivision containing Gaulish and Brittonic
Gallo-Brittonic
P-Celtic
Geographic
distribution
Gaul andGreat Britain
Linguistic classificationIndo-European
Subdivisions
Language codes
GlottologNone

TheGallo-Brittonic languages, also known as theP-Celtic languages, are a proposed subdivision of theCeltic languages containing the languages ofAncient Gaul (bothCeltica andBelgica) andCeltic Britain, which share certain features. Besides commonlinguistic innovations, speakers of these languages shared cultural features and history. The cultural aspects are commonality of art styles and worship of similar gods.Coinage just prior to theBritish Roman Period was also similar. InJulius Caesar's time, theAtrebates held land on both sides of theEnglish Channel.

It contrasts with theInsular Celtic hypothesis, which asserts thatGoidelic andBrythonic underwent a period of common development and have shared innovations to the exclusion of Gaulish,[1] while the shared changes are either independent innovations that occurred separately in Brythonic and Gaulish or are due tolanguage contact between the two groups.

Linguistics

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The hypothesis that the languages spoken in Gaul and Great Britain (Gaulish and theBrittonic languages) descended from a common ancestor, separate from the Celtic languages of Ireland, Spain, and Italy, is based on a number of linguistic innovations, principally the evolution ofProto-Celtic */kʷ/ into/p/ (thus the name "P-Celtic"). These innovations are not shared with theGoidelic languages, which also calledQ-Celtic in this model because of their preservation of Proto-Celtic */kʷ/' (often represented asqu in English).

The proposed shared innovations not in Goidelic are:

  • Proto-Celtic > Gallo-Brittonicp, or in voiced formb (e.g. Gaulishmapos, Welshmab ≠ Irishmac)
  • Proto-Celticmr andml > Gallo-Brittonicbr andbl (e.g. Gaulishbroga, Welsh, Bretonbro ≠ Old Irishmruig)
  • Proto-Celticwo,we > Gallo-Brittonicwa (e.g. Gaulishuassos, Welshgwass ≠ Old Irishfoss)
  • Proto-Celticɡʷ > Gallo-Brittonicw
  • Early loss ofg between vowels in both Gaulish and Brittonic
  • Proto-Celticdj between vowels tended to give Gallo-Brittonicj
  • Proto-Celtic*anman > Gallo-Brittonicanwan.[2] (Gaulishanuana, Welshenuein ≠ Irishainm; but also Gaulishanmanbe)[3]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^Penney, John (2015-12-22),"Celtic languages",Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics, Oxford University Press,doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1458,ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5, retrieved2024-06-19
  2. ^Koch, John T. (2006).Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO.ISBN 1-85109-440-7.
  3. ^Lambert, Pierre-Yves. (1994).La langue gauloise, éditions errance. p. 19.
Reconstructed
Hispano-Celtic
Nuclear Celtic
Insular Celtic
Brittonic
(Brythonic)
Reconstructed
Southwestern Brittonic
Western Brittonic
Pictish
Goidelic
Unknown
Mixed
Celtic-speaking areas
Immersive education
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